Using TurnitinUK For Plagiarism Detection

The TurnitinUK building block integrates the TurnitinUK Plagiarism Detection Service with duo. TurnitinUK compares assignments submitted against a database which includes archived web pages, online journals and assignments submitted from Durham and other universities.

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Read Me First Who is the guide for?

Lecturers and administrators or those leading courses/organisations.

Broad aims (see next page for detailed learning objectives)

Explain how to use the system provided by TurnitinUK to detect, educate students about and deter plagiarism.

Level

Beginner/those who need a refresher.

Intended use

As self-help training As a quick reference As an accompaniment to the ‘GradeMark’ Workshop. There are various activities you can work through if you wish. The guide is designed to be printed. If you have good eyesight, you may prefer to print 2 to a page to save paper, or print just the pages you need.

Prerequisites

You need a course in duo in which you are an instructor. You may wish to be enrolled in an example course or have a test (sandpit) course set up for you (contact [email protected]).

Time required

20 minutes to get started 1.5 - 2 hours to become familiar with all the functions including archiving materials.

Learning outcomes (What you can learn by working through this guide) This guide aims to help you: understand what TurnitinUK is and how to set up assignments submission points. understand the advantages and limitations of using TurnitinUK to detect plagiarism. As well as how to: view and interpret plagiarism reports. troubleshoot incorrect submissions or double submissions. download copies of submitted assignments and originality reports.

Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Aims........................................................................................................................ 1 Information about the JISC TurnitinUK service .......................................................... 1 Browser information ................................................................................................ 1 What is the JISC TurnitinUK Building Block? .......................................................... 1 Important notes .......................................................................................................... 2 Suggestions for preventing plagiarism ....................................................................... 3 Creating a submission ................................................................................................ 3 Before creating a submission point ......................................................................... 3 To create the subission point .................................................................................. 4 Creating a revision submission ............................................................................. 10 Deleting a student submission ................................................................................. 13 Viewing plagiarism reports ....................................................................................... 14 View Report though TurnitinUK Assignments ....................................................... 14 Detailed view of individual report .......................................................................... 15 Viewing All Sources .............................................................................................. 16 Viewing Student papers ........................................................................................ 18 Papers submitted to other institutions ............................................................... 18 Papers submitted to Durham University ............................................................ 19 Moving through submissions ................................................................................ 20 What to do if the same document is uploaded twice ................................................ 21 Exclude certain matches....................................................................................... 21 Restore exclude matches ..................................................................................... 22 Downloading submitted assignments ....................................................................... 23 To download the assignments .............................................................................. 23 Downloaded Format for Originality report ............................................................. 24 More Help................................................................................................................. 26 Alternative ways to submit assignments to TurnitinUK ............................................. 26

Guide Conventions Workshop Activities appear in a plain bordered box like this: Workshop Task 1 Try this yourself

-Explore the tabs ……

The numbered step by step instructions are designed to be easily scanned. On screen buttons and things to click are in Bold. Text on screen will have speech marks e.g. ‘Control Panel’. Notes are in a blue border box as below: Note on Courses and Organisations. In the early days of duo, there were only courses for staff (instructors) to upload material for students to access. Colleges, societies and staff groups started to use duo courses for organisation building. The terms ‘course’, ‘instructor’ and ‘students’ were less appropriate for these groups. ‘Organisations’ were therefore added. Organisations have ‘leaders’ who set the sites and ‘participants’ who are enrolled and contribute. This guide will refer to courses, instructors and students. If you are using an organisation, you can read ‘leader’ for ‘instructor’ and ‘participant for ‘student’.

Help within the software TurnitinUK provides some explanatory text ‘About this page’ for each tab in the TurnitinUK Assignments screen. Some items have a question mark in a blue circle icon and clicking this will give more information.

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Introduction Aims This guide: 1. Introduces the main features of the JISC plagiarism detection software available through duo. 2. Suggests how this might fit into a wider policy for tackling the problem of plagiarism.

Information about the JISC TurnitinUK service Browser information TurnitinUK currently supports the following web browsers: Firefox 2.0+ or Internet Explorer 7.0+ for Windows machines Firefox 2.0+ or Safari for Mac OS machines If you are not using a supported web browser it is recommended that you either update your existing web browser to the supported version or download the appropriate web browser for your computer

What is the JISC TurnitinUK Building Block? The TurnitinUK building block integrates the TurnitinUK Plagiarism Detection Service with duo. TurnitinUK is a commercial company. Over 80% of UK universities use it for plagiarism detection, largely due to a special deal for educational institutions negotiated by the JISC. The UK Plagiarism Advisory Service manages the JISC implementation of TurnitinUK and is based at Northumbria University. TurnitinUK compares assignments submitted against a database which includes archived web pages, online journals and assignments submitted from Durham and other universities. Staff can see a report which highlights text in the document which matches entries in the TurnitinUK database. Thanks to the building block, you can quickly create a ‘TurnitinUK Assignment' in a course so that students can submit work directly to the ‘TurnitinUK' Tool. Some staff are using the system as a teaching tool, allowing students to see their own originality report. Usually the tool is used as a deterrent/detection system. Students submit the assignment and the teacher/administrator checks the originality reports as indicators of plagiarism.

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Important notes Students will not be able to see the grades via TurnitinUK until after the post date. To prevent students viewing grades via My Grades before the post date please set the Grade Centre columns (the assignment column and any total columns you are using) to not be visible to students. TurnitinUK only has built in support for the instructor, teaching assistant, course builder, grader and student roles in duo. Using the "Copy" button that shows up in the context menu will NOT copy a TurnitinUK Assignment. You cannot use the duo version of TurnitinUK for the same courses as the standalone version of TurnitinUK, as the two services "interfere". The percentage of matching text is by no means conclusive proof as to whether an essay is plagiarised or not. A 70% match may mean a student has cited lots of references correctly. Arguably, it may be bad academic practice for a high percentage of an essay to be citations, but it is not plagiarism. Equally a 1% match could indicate a copied chunk of text that is not cited, and therefore indicates a lack of referenced work. The database is by no means complete. It would be perfectly possible to cheat by copying from a file not held in the database. "If your only tool is a hammer, you may see every problem as a nail." (Abraham Maslow). If you only use the Plagiarism detection tool to look for cheats, you may label students who are ignorant of good academic practice as well as those who deliberately cheat. There is a 20Mb upload limit for students using the system. If you are expecting larger files, please speak to the Learning Technologies Team. We recommend that you download all the assignments to a secure area on your computer before the end of the academic year, as the originals are only stored on the TurnitinUK service, not in duo. We recommend that you download them in the original format, not in Word. If when you set up the assignment, you choose to include the student paper database as part of the corpus of data to check against, your assignments will be available for other universities to match against. Instructors at other institutions may request to see matching assignments. If they do, an email will be sent to all instructors on the duo course to ask your permission. By replying to the message, you will grant them permission to see your student's assignment. Please keep the assignment file name down to 100 characters and use underscores (_) instead of spaces.

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Suggestions for preventing plagiarism Experience from other institutions suggests it is better to tackle the causes of the problem rather than detect plagiarism after it has occurred. Before using the software it is suggested that you consider: Education: Have your students been properly informed and educated about plagiarism and referencing? For example, you could consider using the university's on-line Avoiding Plagiarism tutorial. Designing out plagiarism: Simple changes to assessments can significantly reduce students' opportunities to plagiarise. Departmental strategy and regulation: It is important that you have properly defined plagiarism and the measures to be taken when students are caught. These are likely to exist already. University regulations on plagiarism: See the University Teaching and Learning Handbook for details. Questions on the Institutional policy should be addressed to your teaching and learning committee.

Creating a submission This section explains how to add a submission point to your duo course.

Before creating a submission point The submission point can be created in any content area in duo. However, it may be easier for your students if you create a new content area specifically for submissions with an appropriate name (e.g. assignments, essay submission). To create a new content area, 1. Make sure Edit Mode is ON.

2. Click the plus sign at the top of the navigation menu.

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3. Click Create Content Area. 4. Give the area a name and click Submit. (NOTE leaving the box beside Available to Users blank means students cannot see the content area) See also manage course menu for details of renaming, hiding or showing menu items and deleting menu items.

To create the submission point NOTE: using the "Copy" button that shows up in the context menu will NOT copy a Turnitin Assignment. 1. Go to the chosen content area (e.g. Assignments) and make sure Edit Mode is ON. 2. From the ‘Create Assessment’ drop down list click ‘TurnitinUK Assignment’.

3. You will be presented with the ‘Select your assignment type’ screen:

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4. Select ‘Paper Assignment’ then click Next Step and you will be taken to the ‘New Assignment’ screen.

5. Enter an ‘assignment title' and ‘points value' (optional). 6. Set the start and due dates for the assignment. If you are using anonymous marking set the post date (which must be set for after the due date even if anonymous marking is not used). This is used to determine when grades are posted to the Grade Centre and when the author names are made available. Note: If anonymous marking is not used the post date relates to the availability of GradeMark papers only. Grades are posted to the Blackboard Grade Centre as soon as they are added to GradeMark and can be seen by students from My Grades unless the Grade Centre (and total, if used) column is hidden. 7. Click Optional Settings

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8. .

9. Add any special instructions (optional). There is a limit of 1000 characters for these instructions. This only becomes apparent when you try to submit. A warning message will appear. You then have the option to return to the instructions and remove characters and click Submit again until the assignment is accepted. Note: If you are planning to download the files as a batch later, it may be useful to get students to individualise the files they are attaching, perhaps by asking them to include an examination number in the file name. 10. 'Allow submissions after the due date' - If you have students with concessions you are advised to set this to 'yes' as it is difficult to change it once submissions begin.

HINT: Use the following settings to allow students to resubmit work until the due date but not after that while allowing students who have not submitted anything at all to submit one attempt after the due date without any intervention from staff. Generate Originality Reports for student submissions: Immediately (can overwrite reports until due date) Submissions after the due date: Yes 11. Choose whether to ‘Generate Originality Reports for submissions'. Note: Not generating reports is very useful for draft submissions which can be used for practice in submitting assignments or when feedback from the instructor is all that is required.

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12. Set an option for ‘Generate Originality Reports for student submissions' a) ‘Immediately first report is final'. Use this option if you want to start checking reports before the deadline. Originality Reports for the submission will be generated immediately. Note: If students plagiarise or collude with a student submitting to the same deadline, the second student submission will be the one which comes out matching the first submission. Warning: if using this option, the first submission is final. Students cannot resubmit papers. Submissions must be deleted by the instructor to enable resubmission, but the original submission will remain in the repository. b) ‘Immediately (can overwrite reports until due date)'. This option can be used when students are self-reviewing and revising their submissions and able to view the Originality Report or if you want to check a few reports before the deadline but want to check all reports properly when all submitted. Students are able to submit new versions of the assignment up to the deadline. Note: Originality Reports for the second or subsequent submission will require a 24 hour delay before the Originality Report begins processing. Only the latest submission is available to the instructor or student. Previous versions are removed. c) ‘On due date'. Use this if you want to start checking the reports once all the assignments have been submitted. Originality Reports are not generated until the due date and time of the assignment. Students may resubmit as many times as needed until the due date and time. All papers submitted to the assignment will be checked against each other. 13. You can choose to 'Exclude bibliographic materials from Similarity Index for all papers in this assignment?' Click 'yes' if you want bibliographic materials to be excluded. If you choose 'no' you can still choose to exclude bibliographic materials when viewing the Originality Report. Warning: This setting cannot be modified after the first paper has been submitted.

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14. You can choose to 'Exclude quoted materials from Similarity Index for all papers in this assignment?' Click 'yes' if you want quoted materials to be excluded. If you choose 'no' you can still choose to exclude quoted materials when viewing the Originality Report. Warning: This setting cannot be modified after the first paper has been submitted.

15. You now have the option to 'Exclude small matches?' If you choose 'yes' another box appears which gives you the choice to 'Exclude matches by:' Word Count: allows you to input the exact number of words you want to exclude in matches. For example, you might not want to bother about 4 words copied from any source. Percentage: this excludes a certain percentage of the total word count. Warning: Exclude small matches needs to be used with extreme caution as it can mask important matches.

16. Set whether you will 'Allow students to see Originality Reports?'. Set 'yes' only if you want students to see the reports themselves. You will need to think carefully about this option.

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17. ‘Reveal grades to students only on post date?’ Select ‘yes’ if you do not want the students to see the grades until the post date. (Remember to hide any relevant Grade Centre columns also to prevent students seeing their grades via My Grades.) Select ‘no’ if you want the students to get the grade as soon as it is available.

18. You can now enable anonymous marking if required. Make sure you have set the post date to allow enough time for marking to take place.

19. 'Submit papers to' – provides four options: a. 'standard paper repository' in which case the files are stored in the Turnitin database. b. ‘institution paper repository’ use this option to store files in a special area of the database reserved for Durham University only. Any papers stored here are not available to other institutions checking their submissions. This is useful if confidential material is included in the submitted papers such as company details or medical records. c. ‘student’s choice of repository’ We would strongly recommend never using this setting. d. 'no repository' which means the originality report is generated but the file is not stored in the Turnitin database and will not be used in comparisons run by other institutions.

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20. Set the 'Search options:’ This setting determines which parts of the databases to test the submissions against. You will probably want to leave this set to the defaults, unless you know that you have no papers submitted to the institution paper repository and remove that tick box option. 21. In the section marked GradeMark, you have the option to select or create a rubric if required. Note: Students will be able to view this rubric prior to submitting their assignment. Click Show rubric list to select an existing rubric from the dropdown list provided or Launch Rubric Manager to create a new rubric.

22. You have the option to save the options as default for future assignments if required. 23. When you are happy with the settings click Submit. This system still gives you a confirmation page saying the assignment has been successfully added. Click OK.

Creating a revision submission If you would like students to submit multiple drafts without overwriting the previous drafts/submissions, you can create additional assignments using the revision assignment type. These assignments are duplicates of the 'parent' assignment's Revised on 27 January 2012

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advanced options and standard settings, but you can set new start, due, and post dates. 1. Go to the chosen content area (e.g. Assignments) and make sure Edit Mode is ON. 2. From the ‘Create Assessment’ drop down list click ‘TurnitinUK Assignment’.

3. You will be presented with the ‘Select your assignment type’ screen:

4. Select ‘Revision Assignment’ then click Next Step and you will be taken to the create a new revision assignment screen.

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5. Use the dropdown menu beside ‘based on paper assignment’ to select the previous paper you want to base the revision paper on. 6. Add a ‘point value’ (optional). 7. Set the new start, due and post dates. If you are using anonymous marking set the post date (which must be set for after the due date even if anonymous marking is not used). This is used to determine when grades are posted to the Grade Centre and when the author names are made available. Note: If anonymous marking is not used the post date relates to the availability of GradeMark papers only. Grades are posted to the Blackboard Grade Centre as soon as they are added to GradeMark and can be seen by students from My Grades unless the Grade Centre (and total, if used) column is hidden. 8. Enter any special instructions if appropriate (optional).

9. Select an option for generating the Originality Report from the dropdown list.

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10. Decide if you will allow students to see the Originality Report. 11. Click Submit. You will see a confirmation screen. Click OK to exit.

Deleting a student submission If a student has accidentally submitted the wrong paper, you can delete the submission and allow the student to resubmit. To do this: 1. Go to the Control Panel and under Course Tools select TurnitinUK Assignments. 2. Click the heading of appropriate assignment. 3. Tick the box next to the student's name. This will make another toolbar appear.

4. Click Delete. The student will be able to resubmit their essay. The essay will still go into the database, and you will have to ignore the match to the earlier attempt if they are similar. See Exclude Certain Matches below for instructions on how to do this. The

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only way to entirely remove it from the database is to ask the Academic Office to make a formal request to Northumbria Learning that it is removed.

Viewing plagiarism reports You can view the Plagiarism reports through the ‘TurnitinUK Assignments' link under the ‘Course Tools' area of the ‘Control Panel', or through the ‘Grade Centre' (provided anonymous marking is not set) by clicking on the assignment and going to Open Attempt then View beside 'Originality Report'. This Guide focuses on the ‘TurnitinUK Assignments' link. Note: If you have set up groups, e.g. Tutorial Groups, you can see the reports in subsets using the ‘Turnitin Assignments by Group' tool.

View Report though TurnitinUK Assignments 1. Click TurnitinUK Assignments under 'Course Tools' in the 'Control Panel'. 2. You will be presented with a list of all your TurnitinUK assignments for this course. 3. Click the title of the assignment you want to view. 4. You will see a screen similar to the one below showing all the students in the course. Note: If you do not see a student or if your class changes regularly, click Roster Sync. This will refresh the Turnitin student data to reflect any new students added to the course since the assignment was created.

Students who have submitted an assignment will have a report under the 3rd column, (Similarity) with an indicator to tell you the percentage of matched text found in the database. 100% would indicate that there was an identical document or documents containing 100% of the text of the assignment in the database.

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24% would indicate that there is approximately one quarter of the submitted text that matches text in the database. The majority of well researched and cited essays will be somewhere in the middle. There are no hard and fast rules to connect a certain percentage with plagiarism.

Detailed view of individual report To see a more detailed individual report, click the report icon (with the coloured square) next to the student in question: You will the see a breakdown of any copied text. It is colour coded and numbered to show you which text matches which sources in the database. If you find Durham sources, this may indicate collusion.

Click any link on the right hand side to go to the sources that match your student's submission. Note: If the match is to an essay on another course or at another institution, you will be asked to supply your email address. You can then email the instructors associated with the matching essay to request to see the results. This step is a necessary feature of the software complying with data protection laws. If you have chosen to exclude quoted material you may see a pop up box appear.

This is a warning about the percentage of the paper which constitutes quoted material. Click on the icon at the bottom left of the screen to produce information which shows the paper ID, when the assignment was submitted, the word count, the Revised on 27 January 2012

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character count and the number of times the paper has been submitted as well as details about the sources of the matches and the number of GradeMark comments and QuickMarks.

Viewing All Sources A more detailed view of the matches can be obtained by clicking on the All Sources button at the top right of the screen. This will bring up a list of all the matches including those hidden by larger matches.

Click on any match to see just those matches in the submission. You can move through the matches to view the corresponding section from the matching source in a pop up window either by clicking on each piece of text as shown below

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or by using the arrow keys below All Sources (outlines in red in the image below).

Click the webpage URL within the pop up to open that site in a new browser window.

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Click Expand to Full Text at the right of the pop up to see the text of the webpage. Click the ‘X’ to close the pop up box.

Viewing Student papers Papers submitted to other institutions If there is a match to a paper submitted to another institution you will see a box giving the name of the institution the match was submitted to but you will not be able to see the paper because it remains the intellectual property of the authors, instructors and institution.

You can send a request to that institution to ask for permission to view that paper by clicking on the words “Submitted to institution”. This will open a box for your email address as shown below.

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Granting permission is entirely at the discretion of the instructors in the other institution and may not be granted. Unfortunately there is no mechanism to feedback this information to the instructor making the request.

Papers submitted to Durham University You can only view papers from other students in the same institution if you are an instructor on the course the paper was submitted to. This might occur in cases of collusion. If you are not an instructor you must request permission to view the paper as if it was from another institution. To view details of the matching submission change to all sources view by clicking on the All Sources button at the top right of the screen. Select the match you want to view and click on ‘Submitted to University of Durham’.

This will bring up the matching paper in a new window.

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This will show the title and author, the submission date and time and the paper ID.

Moving through submissions You can move through the submissions using the arrows at the top right of the screen.

To move straight to a particular student click the downward arrow to the right of ‘Paper x of xx’ and click the student name.

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What to do if the same document is uploaded twice If by accident the same document is uploaded twice (for instance, by an administrator and by an academic) you can still get to the original report.

Exclude certain matches 1. Open the originality report. Click on the All Sources button at the top right of the screen. 2. This will bring up a list of all the matches including those hidden by larger matches. Click Select Sources to be Excluded to bring up checkboxes.

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3. Click the boxes beside matches you want to exclude and click the Exclude button at the bottom of the column. (The number of items to be excluded will be shown in brackets. The originality score is automatically recalculated.

Restore exclude matches To restore exclude matches click on the view/edit sources button at the bottom of the screen.

This will bring up a list of the excluded matches and you can tick the ones you want back and then click Restore Selected. Once again the similarity report will be automatically recalculated.

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Downloading submitted assignments You can download the submitted assignments or the GradeMark forms from the system. We recommend that you download them to a backed up network drive to ensure you have the submitted assignments as a record.

To download the assignments Note: If anonymous marking is enabled you will not be able to download the files until after the post date. Go to the ‘Control Panel' Select ‘TurnitinUK Assignments' under the ‘Course Tools' area. Select the assignment that you want to download. Tick the box to select the submitted assignment(s) you require to download (Ticking 'author' will select all available assignments.) 5. This will make another toolbar appear. Click the download button and select either Original File (which downloads the submitted papers) or GradeMark Paper (which downloads only the GradeMarked version of the papers). 1. 2. 3. 4.

You will see the following popup.

Click OK or Cancel as appropriate. You will then be asked to choose the file format

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Note: We recommend that you normally download the original format. 6. You will see a message telling you the file is being prepared for download. When the download is ready click on the link provided to download the bulk assignments.

7. You are then offered the choice of opening or saving the download file as a compressed zip to your computer. Note: If you are downloading a zip file with several essays with the same name, PowerArchiver overwrites the files with duplicate names. You may well have a tool for unpackaging zip files (e.g. WinZip or PowerArchiver) installed on your computer. If not, there is a free unpackager called PKware which will rename duplicates. It is available from http://www.download.com/. Go to that page and search for ZIP Reader 8.0.18

Downloaded Format for Originality report You can download the originality report for individual papers. Make sure you have Match Overview selected otherwise the final page does not give full details.

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Note: a bulk download option is not available at present. This gives a pdf report showing the details of the paper on the first page followed by the whole paper with the matched text in grey with numbers and the last page giving details of the originality report showing the primary sources and percentage matches to each source.

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More Help A course is available in duo to provide further information about tackling Plagiarism as well as updates on TurnitinUK. Please contact the Learning Technologies Team through [email protected] if you would like advice or access to the course.

Alternative ways to submit assignments to TurnitinUK There are other ways to submit assignments to TurnitinUK that do not require integration with duo. Please contact the Learning Technologies Team via [email protected] if you would like to discuss these methods.

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