Use of Statistical Sources of Social Data for Sustainability Assessments Leif Barthel University of Stuttgart Hauptstr. 113, 70771 Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany Tel: +49 (0)711 489999-32 Email:
[email protected] Introduction The lack of an agreed method to measure the degree of sustainability of products, technologies etc. is a major barrier for sustainable development. A promising approach to overcome that problem is an extended Life Cycle Engineering (LCE) approach, that considers social aspects additional to the established environmental effects (LCA) and costs (LCC). But to conduct an assessment plenty of – so far not acquired – data is needed, similar to the problems at the beginning of (environmental) Life Cycle Assessment itself. Method To fill these existing gaps in social data, statistical sources can be employed to gather socially relevant data. A methodology to obtain process-specific data from statistical sources in order to provide a useable data pool will be presented in this work. It will help to overcome the start-up difficulties of assessing social effects as part of an extended LCE. Implementation This methodology has been employed in a recently finished projects. Some outcomes and findings of this project will be presented exemplarily in this work to show the significance and expressiveness of thus acquired measures. Keywords: social, LCA, Sustainability
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Netzwerk Lebenszyklusdaten Ökobilanz-Werkstatt 2006
Verwendung statistischer Daten als Grundlage für die Lebenszyklusuntersuchung sozialer Aspekte
Leif Barthel LBP, Abteilung GaBi, Universität Stuttgart Kontakt: Email
[email protected] Tel. +49 711 489999-32 Fax +49 711 489999-11 Netzwerk Lebenszyklusdaten Ökobilanz-Werkstatt 2006 Bad Urach www.LBPgabi.uni-stuttgart.de
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Inhalt
•• Motivation Motivation und und Übersicht Übersicht “social “social LCA” LCA” •Grundannahmen •Grundannahmen der der Methode Methode •Statistische •Statistische Quellen Quellen und und der der Weg Weg zu zu prozessspezifischen prozessspezifischen Sozialdaten Sozialdaten •Beispiel •Beispiel der der möglichen möglichen Ergebnisse Ergebnisse
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Motivation Vicious Circles
Lack of regulatory Framework -no legal regulations -no benchmarks -no orientation
Lack of Quantifiability There is no methodology to assess the social implications of a production chain / no way to measure product(ion)related social impacts.
Politics
What indicators should be measured? What information is needed?
Science
Lack of incentive Continuous Continous ascertainment of social data is cost intensive and time consuming. Where is benefit for the producer?
What / How should it be done?
Lack of Data There is no consistent data available about social impacts.
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Diss-Plan Themen- und Problemfelder social LCA/ LCWE
Implementierung in der Methode/Software
Indikatorenfrage (welche?)
indirekte Datenerfassung (Methode II)
direkte Datenerfassung (Methode I)
Übertragung auf andere Länder
Ableitung der externen Werte (I/O-Matrizen)
Datenaufnahme/ Datenbankaufbau
Grundidee: Branchendaten per VA alloziieren
Datenlücken ILOschließen/ andere Daten- Konventionen quellen
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Diss - Plan Zusammenhänge und Abhängigkeiten social LCA/ LCWE
Implementierung in der Methode/Software
direkte Datenerfassung (Methode I)
Übertragung auf andere Länder
Ableitung der externen Werte (I/O-Matrizen)
Indikatorenfrage (welche?)
Datenaufnahme/ Datenbankaufbau
Konsistenz
indirekte Datenerfassung (Methode II)
Grundidee: Branchendaten per VA alloziieren
Datenlücken ILOschließen/ andere Daten- Konventionen quellen
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Diss - Plan Abdeckung in der Diss social LCA/ LCWE
Implementierung in der Methode/Software
direkte Datenerfassung (Methode I)
Übertragung auf andere Länder
Ableitung der externen Werte (I/O-Matrizen)
Indikatorenfrage (welche?)
Datenaufnahme/ Datenbankaufbau
Konsistenz
indirekte Datenerfassung (Methode II)
Grundidee: Branchendaten per VA alloziieren
Datenlücken ILOschließen/ andere Daten- Konventionen quellen
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From sector data to single processes’ seconds of work How to build up a sufficiently precise database? Assumptions:
Within an industry sector (with similar types of processes): • Social impacts of a process-step are proportional to the amount of human work carried out • The amount of human work carried out is proportional to the added value of the process-step Approach:
--> Statistic data on the level of industry sectors is prorated to single process-steps by relating it to the added value of that process step
Remark: In contrast to the situation for Environmental Input/Output databases, where the results are very imprecise, sufficiently precise results can be obtained for social criteria: The amount of human work is much closer related to the addedvalue of a process step than is the environmental impact Netzwerk Lebenszyklusdaten Ökobilanz-Werkstatt 2006 Bad Urach
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From sector data to single processes’ seconds of work Value added to each process step sum up along the product’s life cycle Labor costs, depreciation, ROI
Labor costs, depreciation, ROI
added value added value
value
value
commodity
process step
commodity
process step
commodity
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes
General qualification level of jobs
Employee profile of the industry
Qualificational labour profile of the industry
Rate of non-fatal injuries
Rate of fatal injuries
Social profile of the industry
Seconds of labour per VA
(GaBi-) VA of the process
Process-specific LCWE data
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes General Qualificational Level (GQL)of jobs
General qualification level of jobs
Employee profile of the industry
Seconds of labour per VA
Qualificational labour profile of the industry
Rate of non-fatal injuries
Rate of fatal injuries
Social profile of the industry
(GaBi-) VA of the process
Process-specific LCWE data
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes General Qualificational Level (GQL)of jobs
The General Qualificational Level corresponds to the
International Standard Classification of Education [ISCED 1997]
which was designed by UNESCO in the early 1970’s. In addition qualification on the job and the generally required capability of the jobs is considered.
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Employee profile of Industries, Rate of non-fatal and fatal Injuries
General qualification level of jobs
Employee profile of the industry
Seconds of labour per VA
Qualificational labour profile of the industry
Rate of non-fatal injuries
Rate of fatal injuries
Social profile of the industry
(GaBi-) VA of the process
Process-specific LCWE data
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Employee profile of Industries, Rate of non-fatal and fatal Injuries
The “Employee profile of Industries”, the “Rate of non-fatal Injuries”, and the “Rate of fatal injuries” are all deduced from different statistics and national databases of the industry branches. At this point it is most important to aim for consistency despite the fact that you have to employ several different statistical sources.
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Qualificational Labour profile of Industries
General qualification level of jobs
Employee profile of the industry
Seconds of labour per VA
Qualificational labour profile of the industry
Rate of non-fatal injuries
Rate of fatal injuries
Social profile of the industry
(GaBi-) VA of the process
Process-specific LCWE data
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Qualificational Labour profile of Industries
Combination of the Employee profile with the list of qualificational levels leads to the qualificational labour profile for each Industry. This profile shows how much of the worked time in the industry is accomplished on which qualificational level. The following assumptions are therefore applied:
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Qualificational Labour profile of Industries
•There are no major differences in the annual working time between employees of different qualificational levels • The share of employees for which no data was available has the same composition of qualificational levels like the rest • All recorded employees in each industry have been up-scaled to 100 percent (= second assumption).
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Seconds of labour per VA
General qualification level of jobs
Employee profile of the industry
Qualificational labour profile of the industry
Rate of non-fatal injuries
Rate of fatal injuries
Social profile of the industry
Seconds of labour per VA
(GaBi-) VA of the process
Process-specific LCWE data
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Seconds of labour per VA
The seconds of labour per added value are also derived from different statistics and national databases of the industry branches. They have been calculated from the values for • • • • •
Number of employees Average number of production workers Production worker hours Cost of contract work and Value added.
To get the total worked hours the “production worker hours” have been multiplied with the ratio of “number of employees” to the “average number of production workers”. Netzwerk Lebenszyklusdaten Ökobilanz-Werkstatt 2006 Bad Urach www.LBPgabi.uni-stuttgart.de
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Social profile of industries
General qualification level of jobs
Employee profile of the industry
Qualificational labour profile of the industry
Rate of non-fatal injuries
Rate of fatal injuries
Seconds of labour per VA
Social profile of the industry
(GaBi-) VA of the process
Process-specific LCWE data
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Social profile of industries
The social profile of the industries is calculated from the “Seconds of labour per VA”, the “Qualificational labour profile of industries”, the “Rate of non-fatal Injuries”, and the “Rate of fatal injuries”. So finally we arrive at an profile for each industry which shows the values of working seconds for each general qualificational level, in total, the non-fatal and the fatal injuries based on one Euro added value in the corresponding industry. Netzwerk Lebenszyklusdaten Ökobilanz-Werkstatt 2006 Bad Urach www.LBPgabi.uni-stuttgart.de
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Added value of the processes
General qualification level of jobs
Employee profile of the industry
Qualificational labour profile of the industry
Rate of non-fatal injuries
Rate of fatal injuries
Seconds of labour per VA
Social profile of the industry
(GaBi-) VA of the process
Process-specific LCWE data
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Added value of the processes
The added value of the single process is determined by subtracting the cost of the input flows from the cost of the output flows. Here cost means the value of the flows which is determined by multiplying the price with the quantity of the flow. The information about the cost and the quantity is taken from an conventional LCA-Model. Netzwerk Lebenszyklusdaten Ökobilanz-Werkstatt 2006 Bad Urach www.LBPgabi.uni-stuttgart.de
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Generation of the process-specific LCWE data
General qualification level of jobs
Employee profile of the industry
Qualificational labour profile of the industry
Rate of non-fatal injuries
Rate of fatal injuries
Seconds of labour per VA
Social profile of the industry
(GaBi-) VA of the process
Process-specific LCWE data
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Prorate aggregate data to single processes Generation of the process-specific LCWE data
The generation of the process-specific LCWE data is then accomplished by multiplying the social profile of the industry with the added value of the process.
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Results Life Cycle Working Environment (LCWE)
Lethal accidents (producing 1kg polymer) cases of fatal injuries
Labour for production of 1kg polymer 120
80
1,20E-08 1,00E-08 8,00E-09 6,00E-09 4,00E-09 2,00E-09 0,00E+00
corn
GQL E - intern 60
low input
conv.
GQL D - intern GQL C - intern
40
Non-lethal accidents (producing 1kg polymer)
GQL B - intern GQL A - intern
20
0
corn
low input
conv.
cases of non-fatal injuries
seconds of work [s]
100
1,40E-08
9,00E-07 8,00E-07 7,00E-07 6,00E-07 5,00E-07 4,00E-07 3,00E-07 2,00E-07 1,00E-07 0,00E+00
corn
low input
conv.
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ENDE
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