USE OF REMOTE SENSING FOR LCLU MONITORING IN TURKEY Prof.Dr. Derya Maktav Istanbul Technical University Geomatics Engineering Department

~15 minutes

http://web.itu.edu.tr/maktavd [email protected]

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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SEERIN:  South  Eastern  European  Regional  Information  Network

1. Generate a summary of the  available/preferred RS satellite data  airborne and ground data

Aim of SEERIN WS

 sources, products and approaches for LC monitoring in SE Europe. 2. To identify a roadmap to common goals.

 Use of RS technologies in Turkey.  Data and research projects illustrating the use of RS for LC assessment in TR (most popular data and applications ? specific RS applications or needs in TR, etc ?).  TR satellites for Earth observations (their data specifications and availability for research use ?). WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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Official web sites

Books Personal contacts (phone calls, e‐mails, visits) 

Brochures (flyers)

* Governmental institutions

Papers & articles (panels,  symposia, conferences, journal)

*  Universities  * Private companies

Personal experiences

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Info about Turkey & RS education Most popular RS applications or needs Most popular RS data used Who is using RS data (integration with GIS) ‘Selected’ projects (use of RS and GIS) Turkish satellites for earth observations  Names  Technical specifications  Data availability for research use

7. Ground Receiving Station (ITU) WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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1. Information about Turkey &  RS education

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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   

A bridge betw. 2 continents. 815,000 km2 (incl. lakes and rivers). 81 cities. Population: 73.722.988  (Dec. 31, 2010). • 76,3% of the total population  (56.222.356 persons) lives in the  province and district centers. • 23,7% lives in towns and villages  (17.500.632 persons).  Population in the province and district  centers: highest in Istanbul (99%), lowest  in Ardahan (32%) .  Population: • Istanbul: 18,0%  (13.255.685).  • Ankara: 6,5%  (4.771.716). • İzmir: 5,4%  (3.948.848). • Bursa:        3,5%  (2.605.495). • Adana: 2,8%  (2.085.225).

• ~ BULGARIA: 8.000.000

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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Danube mouth

Istanbul

Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor (SeaWiFS)

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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1. Remote sensing education  in Turkey Total univ.: 167  123 state univ. • 5 tech. univ. • 2 institutes of technology • 1 fine arts univ.).

 44 private foundation univ.  4 military academies  1 police academy. 

►RS Education ?

RS in universities (15): Univ. Depts. (Geomatics Engineering) Istanbul Tech Univ.,Yıldız Technical Univ., Okan, Afyon  Kocatepe, Aksaray, Gümüşhane,KTÜ, Zonguldak  Karaelmas, Kayseri Erciyes, Kocaeli, Konya Selçuk, Ondokuz  Mayıs, Sivas Cumhuriyet, Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enst.,  (Graduate), Hacettepe (Graduate) Universities specialized in certain topical areas (e.g.  technology or business): SURVEYING, 2 years:  (47)

• •

Tapu Kadastro MYO: 1 Harita Kadastro MYO: 46

Career schools (Meslek lisesi): (56)

Reference: The Council of Higher  Education, Ministry of National  Education Turkey.

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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2. Most popular RS applications or needs in TR

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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 Illegal housing mainly in big cities (Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Antalya).  Urban transformations.    Disaster monitoring (flood, earthquake, forest fires).  Agriculture: crop estimation.  Surface archaeology, cultural heritage monitoring. WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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3. Most popular RS data used in TR

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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IKONOS‐İzmir

 HR: IKONOS, QB, SPOT, GeoEye  MS: Landsat, SPOT  Radar (ERS, RADARSAT)   Aerial photographs‐Orthophotos  Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)  LIDAR (new) 

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria Gölyazı Church

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4. Who is using RS data + GIS ? Governmental institutions • Min. of Environment and Urbanization • Min. of Forest and Water Affairs – General Directorate of Forestry – General Directorate of State Meteorological Affairs

• Municipalities  (Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality): İBB • General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA)

Military: General Command of Mapping (HGK) Private companies Universities: Research projects WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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5. ‘Selected’ Projects [use of RS (aerial photos, sat. imageries) and GIS] 

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs‐General Directory of Forestry 

Activities: – – – – – – – – –

Sustainable forest management Climate change and bioenergy Biodiversity Forest fires and preventing and combating Forest and water Protection of forest Non wood products Rectreational services Forest info sytems WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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The Ministry RS‐GIS Projects & data used (10) http://cevre.cob.gov.tr (TR, ENG ?)

 Environmental info system project: GIS‐based application that uses GIS to check  and monitor environmental data. This GIS project can be accessed via network  based application. http://gis.cevreorman.gov.tr  Forest info system project: In this GIS project, you can control and observe the  existence of Turkey’s forests by using GIS. http://gis.cevreorman.gov.tr  Water database project: The aim of this project is the storage and sharing of the  data concerning all of Turkey’s groundwater and surface water sources. http://gis.cevreorman.gov.tr

 Meteorology database project: This database project regarding the meteorology of TR is concerned with the storage, evaluation and presentation of their data.  This is a GIS based work. http://geodata.dmi.gov.tr/GeoDatav4p/index.aspx  Protected areas: This project deals with the geogr. data of the Nature  Conservation and National Parks in TR, incorporating all protected areas and the  changes over time in the protected areas (→next slide: 1856). WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012              Wildlife: Utilizing GIS, this project shows the open and closed hunting areas of  16 Sofia, Bulgaria each province in TR. 

 Afforestation database project: The collection and evaluation of the data in GIS  regarding the info of the revival of non‐forested land from scratch in TR.  Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): GIS project that aims to store and share all  kinds of environment‐related data to better understand an area.  Environmental Protection (ÖÇK): The Min. carried out this GIS project within the scope  of TR enabling us to observe, evaluate and control natural, historical and cultural values,  sustainability and biodiversity preservation, and the creation of a healthy and clean  environment.   Turkish Environmental Information Exchange Network (TEIEN): A single electronic  network that would allow for easy access and sharing of env. data betw. institutions  dealing with env. issues. http://www.teien.org.tr/sp/main_page.html 



CORINE (Coordination of Info on the Environment): a European programme initiated in 1985 by the Eur.  Commis., aimed at gathering info relating to the environment on certain priority topics for the EU (air, water, soil,  LC, coastal erosion, etc.). Since 1994, the Eur. Environment Agency (EEA) integrated CORINE in its work  programme. EEA is responsible for providing objective, timely and targeted info on Europe's environment. INSPIRE project (Infrastructure for Spatial Info in the European Community): aims to create a EU spatial data  infrastructure. This will enable the sharing of environmental spatial info among public sector organisations and  better facilitate public access to spatial info across Europe. There are some applications such as collecting geogr. data and improve it via satellite imagery. WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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GIS templates of Ministry TRANSPORTATION:This data  set shows TR’s Road Transport and contains info about  coastal systems. There is also  an option to display the  airports and railways on the  map. ENVIRONMENT: This data set  shows TR’s environmental facilities  and industrial units including the  Solid Waste Units and Industrial  Buildings, more detailed info can be  found by viewing the map on related  services.

WATER: TR’s Water data set  contains a layer of info showing the  water and water supply  configurations. In the water data  set, the water configuration and  water resources aside from the State  Hydraulics Works can be found in  another layer. WATERSHED PROTECTION: In  this data set of TR’s Watershed  Protection contains treatment  facilities and residential centers. In  the map view, you can access the  data layer of the various treatment  plants alongside Solid Waste Storage  Areas and located in the District  Union Boundaries.

PROTECTED AREAS: The data set  for TR’s Preserved Areas shows  places aside from the preserved  areas such as the Wildlife  Development Areas, Protected  Areas and Recreation Areas are  available in the layers. The Nat. Parks and Nature Parks are located  in the layers of this data set as well. 

FOREST: The forest data set for the  Turkish General Direct. of Forestry in  addition to the Administrative  Structuring of the use of forest roads and forests can be accessed through  the application on the info map.

METEOROLOGY: The data set for  the Ministry of Meteorological in  TR, uses a different theme in GIS.  This data set displays the Weather  Stations on a layer in the map, the  imaging offers a variety of  climatological values. 

WILDLIFE: This data set contains  layers of TR’s Wildlife. Hunting and  private hunting grounds and can be  viewed in the Restricted Areas on  the map. More info about these  layers of the Ministry of Wildlife can  be reached through the use of GIS.

AFFORESTATION: The data set  containing the info on TR’s  Afforestation Mobilization and  Nursery layer in the map consists  of the work of the AGM, more  detailed info can be found by  viewing the map. 

ENVIRONMENTAL  MONITORING: The data set for TR’s  Environment Observation Stations shows  the Air Pollution and swimming water  measurement stations. In addition, there  is detailed info on EIE, DMI and State  Hydraulic Works institutions, which can  be accessed via the map

OCEANOGRAPHY: The  oceanographic data set for TR provides info about the depth of  water in the world on the map. In  addition, the detailed data about TR’s  oceanography is accessible. Depths  betw 7000‐2000 m. are shown in the  oceanography layers. 

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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Data used

LANDSAT

~120.000 aerial  photographs

~78.000 (1:25000) top maps

~260 (1:50000) top maps ~2500 (1:100000) top maps Uploaded into the database via internet (for a quicker access).

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

SPOT 19

Photo archive Aerial photos, maps, satellite  imageries archive monitoring system  (under construction)

Photogrammetry Archive Monitoring System:  • Aerial photographs and 1:25000, 1:50000 and 1:100000 maps  are transferred to the database for a more quick access.  •

Photogrammetry Archive Monitoring System: hava fotoğraflarına, haritalara, yer ölçümlerine ve matematik istatistiksel  yöntemlere olan ihtiyaçları karşılamak ve bu çalışmalara altlık oluşturmak için, hava fotoğrafları ve 1/25.000, 1/50.000  ve  1/100.000 ölçekli haritalar internet üzerinden daha hızlı erişim hizmeti için veri tabanına aktarılmıştır.

http://orbisgenel.ogm.gov.tr/ WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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General Directorate of State Meteorological affairs

• Weather forecast (Meteosat, Eumetsat)

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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►5‐days Weather Forecast of Turkey

► Snow heights

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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► Surface map

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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7 SELECTED PROJECTS BY İBB WHERE RS AND GIS WERE USED.

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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1‐Establishing and modeling a new city model at the Blacksea Coasts of the  European Side of Istanbul (Istanbul new city project‐1 ) (urban transformation) (Istanbul Avrupa yakası Karadeniz kıyı alanlarında deprem odaklı kentsel dönüşüme yönelik yeni bir şehir modeli oluşturulması ve modellenmesi)

 Developed after the Prime Minister’s press conference on May 2011.  2 new cities (European and Asian Istanbul).  Duration: June ‐ October 2011 (5 months).  6 stereo satellite images obtained ► Orthorectified ► using stereo images:  HR DTM ► Thus slope, aspect, and cross sections analysis of the study area  were obtained.  Budget: 120.000 TL  (50.000 Euro)

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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2‐ Urban Design Project aiming to create an econometric model as per Historical  Peninsula (Fatih and Eminönü Districts' Sites) in scale of 1:5000 and 1:1000

Goals    

To protect the identity of the Historical Peninsula in Istanbul. To enhance the continuity of the existing cultural heritage. To find solutions that prevent historical buildings to break down and to preserve their original identity. To point out the need for rehabilitation, restoration etc. to improve the identity of the natural and cultural  elements.  To enable preservation and harmony by picking the sides that are incompatible with the original texture

 Duration: 2006 –2008.  Budget:  45.000.000 TL (20 million Euro).  HR sat images (IKONOS 1m pan‐sharpaned) were used for analysis of the project area, detecting the  objects used in the analysis, updating the base maps.  Combining roof models from stereo aerial photos and laser scanning data of building fronts (for  restoration) = 3D urban models obtained. 

Bina cephelerinin restorasyon amaçlı lazer taramalarından gelecek olan cephe verilerinin, stereo hava fotoğrafları teknolojisi ile çıkarılacak çatı modelleri ile birleştirilmeleri sonucu 3D bir kent modeli oluşturulmuştur. WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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ZEYTİNBURNU

3‐Earthquake Based Urban Transformation Project (Zeytinburnu Pilot Project) 4‐Fatih Earthquake Based Transformation Project 5‐Küçükçekmece Urban Renewal Project (Kentsel Yenileme Projesi)

 To protect and improve the cultural,  historical  and natural heritage of the  districts Fatih, Zeytinburnu, K.Çekmece.  To provide durable, safe and livable urban  spaces.

FATİH

 To improve the social and economical status  throughout the project time line.  To obtain LU maps: middle & HR sat. data  were used: LANDSAT (30 m), IKONOS (1m).

•

K.Çekmece

Duration: Sept 2005‐Dec. 2010

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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6‐Construction automation system project (Imar Otomasyon Sistemi (IMOS)

 IMOS aims to trace and store all of the construction activities throughout the  metropolitan area of Istanbul and transfer them into digital environment.  By IMOS, it will be possible to: • understand the present situation, • make more sensitive hazard risk analyses, • make coordination‐transportation plans,  • draw multi‐purpose urban plans in detail, • create an address info system.  Duration: June2005‐December 2007 (HR satellite data every 3 months, change  detection for monitoring illegal housing)





Amaç: İBB sınırları dahilinde İBB. İmar Müdürlüğü, ilgili birimler ile ilçe ve İlk Kademe Belediyeleri’ndeki imar hareketlerini grafik  ortamda izleyebilmek ve çözümler üretebilmek için imar arşivini veri tabanına aktarma, imar uygulama yazılımı hazırlama, veri  hazırlama ve eğitim çalışmaları yaparak imara ilişkin bilgileri parsel ve bina bazında derlemek, sorgulamak ve sistemin sürekli  güncellenmesini sağlamak için dinamik bir altyapı oluşturmak. İMOS kapsamında İstanbul il sınırları içerisinde kalan ancak İSKİ Havza sınırları dışındaki bölgelerde yapılaşmanın takibi yapılmıştır. Bu  proje 2005 yılı Haziran ayından başlamak üzere 3’er aylık periyodik dönemler halinde uygulanmıştır. Periyodik olarak alınan uydu  görüntülerinin üretimi tamamlandıktan sonra iki görüntü arasında değişim belirleme analizi yapılarak yeni yapılar tespit edilerek arazi  ekibine gönderilir. Proje kapsamında HR uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak yapı değişimleri tespit edilmiş ve bu değişimler arazide kontrol  edilerek yapıya ait bilgi ve fotoğraflar eklenmiştir.  WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             28 Sofia, Bulgaria

7‐Istanbul Metropolitan Development Plan (İstanbul İli Çevre Düzeni Planı’nın Hazırlanması)

 Goal: A new 1:100,000 scale Istanbul Environmental Plan (use of RS and GIS).  Duration: 2005‐2007.  IKONOS (1m Pan‐sharpaned) image mosaicking ► base maps....  Pixel based classification (1990,1995,2000,2005 LANDSAT data) ► LU maps ► city growth and development direction obtained. 

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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6. Turkish sats for earth observations (names, tech. specifications, availability for research use) ?

RASAT BILSAT GÖKTÜRK

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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RASAT: Technical specifications        

    

First RS satellite designed and built in TR (2. RS: BİLSAT !) Developed by TÜBITAK. Has been put into operation on 17 August 2011. Weight: 93 kg. Orbit: 689 km circular, sun synchronous. Orbital cycle: 98.8 min. Spatial res: Pan‐7.5 m, ms‐15 m. Spectral res (μm) 0.42 – 0.73 (Pan) Band 1:  0.42 – 0.55 (Blue) Band 2: 0.55 – 0.58 (Green) Band 3:  0.58 – 0.73 (Red) Rad. res: 8 bit. Temp. res: 4 days. Swath width: 30 km. Data (2011 and future) available for research projects (free...)  http://www.uzay.tubitak.gov.tr/tubitakUzay/en/projects/spaceApplications.php

#rasat

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012            

TÜBİTAK: the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey Sofia, Bulgaria

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RASAT image if Izmir TÜBITAK, RASAT Image Gallery

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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RASAT image applications MAPPING • Mapping and updating of 1:25.000 scaled maps • DEM and orthophoto generation • LU mapping • Land resources cadastre

ENVIRONMENT • Identification of deforestration/reforestation areas • Change detection of coastlines • Oil spill detection and pollution mapping

DISASTER MONITORING •Forest fire monitoring and burnt area mapping •Flood mapping and forecasting •Landslide area mapping •Building destruction and damage assessment after earthquake •Making up‐to‐date thematic maps for disaster management

URBAN AND REGIONAL  PLANNING • Monitoring of urban development • Detection of illegal settlement sites • 3D simulation   WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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BILSAT Weight

129 kg

Orbit

686 km, circular, sun synchronous This is a technology transfer project aimed at acquiring small satellite  technologies. The project is conducted with Surrey Satellite  Technology Ltd of Surrey Univ., UK.

Cameras

4 Bands MS:  Ground resolution: 27,6 m  Band 1: 0.45 ‐ 0.52 (blue)  Band 2: 0.52 ‐ 0.60 (green)  Band 3: 0.63 ‐ 0.69 (red) Band 4: 0.76 ‐ 0.90 (NIR)  B/W camera: 12.6 m. yer örnekleme mesafesi olan

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria TUBITAK SPACE 2003-2006 (Data available for research projects.)

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BILSAT Baghdat 23 Jan 2005

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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BILSAT S.Africa  Oct 18 2003

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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GÖKTÜRK-1

 The original contract was signed by Telespazio and the Undersecretariat for Defence Industries (SSM) in 2009  Satellite launch is planned for 2013.  Satellite equipped with a HR optical sensor ???

GÖKTÜRK-1

– A satellite integration and test center to be built in Turkey. – Entire ground segment will be build for the system to carry out in-orbit operation and data acquisition and processing.

GÖKTÜRK-1 Technical Specifications Orbit

Sun-Synchronous

Orbit Altitude

Lover than 700km

Revisit Time Over Turkey

Less than 2 Days

Dry Weigh

1000 kg

Design Life

7 years

– Its observation payload includes  a HR optical instrument  an onboard X-band digital imaging system to handle data compression, storage and downloading.

GÖKTÜRK-2 GÖKTÜRK-2 provides the Turkish Defence with a HR reconnaissance and surveillance satellite system. The contract was signed in 2007 by   

Turkish Defense Ministry (MSB) Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Turkish Aerospace Industries Inc. (TAI).

 Launch October 2012.  Data availability ? .

GÖKTÜRK-2 GÖKTÜRK-2 Technical Specifications Orbit

Sun-Synchronous

Orbit Altitude

~700km

Period

~98 min. (14 times a day)

Contact Time

~ 40 min. (day+night)

Image Acquisition All Over The World Real Time Image Relay Satellite Mass

< 409

Image Storage Capacity

>15 Gbit

Resolution

PAN 2,5m - MS 10m ????

GÖKTÜRK-2 This section sketches an overview of the System in terms of architecture. Earth Observation Satellite System

Space Segment

Payload

Satellite Platform (Bus)

Ground Segment

Ground Station

GÖKTÜRK References  Programme kickoff for Turkey’s Göktürk satellite system, supplied by Telespazio and Thales Alenia Space (www.thalesaleniaspace.com)  Göktürk satellite system (www.telespazio.com)  Göktürk: 2 2.5m Çözünürlüklü Görüntüleme Amaçlı Bilimsel Araştırma ve Teknoloji Uydusu Geliştirme Projesi (www.tai.com.tr)

7. ITU-Center for Satellite Communications and Remote Sensing (CSCRS)

CSCRS •

It is a highly capable ground receiving station (GRS) unit.

•

It is the first center established in Turkey to conduct application oriented projects in RS and sat communications technologies and serve national/international civil/military companies in their research, development, and educational activities.

•

After successful design, assemble and test stages of the station through 1996-2000, CSCRS was established for operational working under the name ITU-SAGRES (SAtellite Ground REceiving Station) in 2000 as a wide range communications and RS integrated system. In the second half of 2003, it was restructured into ITU-CSCRS.

•

It has the capabilities of acquiring images from RS satellites, processing data, and sending the products via satellite links to resident and foreign users. The station can receive images of the Earth's surface within a radius of 3000 km (Sweden-Sudan and England-Kazakhstan.

•

In the center the data acquired from SPOT-2, SPOT-4, RADARSAT-1, ERS-2, NOAA-11, NOAA-14, METEOSAT is archived, formatted and processed with the state-of-the-art technology. These successful studies were certificated with Operational and Product Certificate by the Radarsat Inc., Canada in Nov. 2002.

•

Availability of data: For research projects price discount.

• I hope all these information will be helpful  for SEERIN formulation ► good luck.. 

Thanks for your attention.

WORKSHOP SEERIN/ April 17, 2012             Sofia, Bulgaria

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