Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul

American Community Garden Association Conference Seattle / August 8-11, 2013 Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Chang-Woo Lee / Chief of Climate and ...
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American Community Garden Association Conference Seattle / August 8-11, 2013

Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul

Chang-Woo Lee / Chief of Climate and Energy Research Center, The Seoul Institute, Seoul, Korea

Contents 1.

Introduction

2.

Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Today

3.

Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Tomorrow

4.

Conclusion

Introduction

The Background of Urban Agriculture in Seoul

The age of the urbanization of rural area is going away There were already while the age of the a lot of kitchen Food safety and ruralization of urban gardens in Seoul supply problems in area is coming up. The City of Seoul during the Chosun 2004 and 2010 in declares the Dynasty. (1394Korea caused Year of Urban 1910) citizens’ interest in Agriculture. urban agriculture. (2012. 6. 2) Urban Agriculture Citizens are Ordinance enacted increasingly (2012. 11) and sensitive to Urban Agriculture healthy and safe Committee local food. established.(2012. 11) 3

The Definition and Types of UA in Seoul

Small-scale gardening activities in urban and suburban areas

Backyard Gardens growing food in backyards, balconies, and rooftops

Commercial Farms cultivating crops mainly in Green Belt areas for sale

Guerrilla Gardens

The Types of Urban Agriculture in Seoul

cultivating vacant lots owned by others

Community Gardens growing crops mainly for leisure and recreation in the plots provided by local authorities

4

The Functions of UA in Seoul

Community Urban-Rural Environmental Empowerment Win-Win Conservation Economic Growth Health Improvement Job Opportunities

Social Welfare

Food Climate Protection Security

Environmental Education

Leisure and Recreation

5

Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Today

Basic Projects

Ensuring Sites

The Performances of UA in Seoul in 2012 Projects in Details

Goals

Performances

Leftover Gardens

2,500 plots

3,398 plots (79,090㎡)

Box Gardens

6,250 sets

20,200 sets (4,806㎡)

25 sites(groups)

135 sites(groups) (59,001㎡)

Small-scale Rooftop Gardens

40 sites

104 sites (21,145㎡)

Urban Park Model Farms

2 sites

3 sites (4,544㎡)

1,218 boxes

1,218 boxes (rice35㎏ harvested) (840㎡)

1 site

1 site (22,554㎡)

Local Community Gardens

Kwanghwamun Rice Farming Project (Box Rice Exhibition) Nodul Island UA Park

Promotion of UA

Urban Beekeeping on the City Hall Rooftop UA Exhibition School Gardens UA Ordinance Enactment

5 hives 1 time 4 days

5 hives (70ℓ honey harvested) 1 time 4 days (125,000 visits)

25 schools

30 schools (9,166㎡)

enacted(this year)

enacted('12.11.1)

Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Today

The Performances of UA in Seoul in 2012

Basic Projects

Projects in Details

Goals

Performances

5 sites 850 plots

5 sites 850 plots (11,600 ㎡)

55 sites

55 sites

Hopeful Seoul Environmentally Friendly Farms

13 sites 7,000 plots

13 sites 7,000 plots (115,500 ㎡)

UA Experts Training Course

first course 50 persons

first course 52 persons

60 times 2,500 persons

60 times 3,391 persons

-

14 times

1 time

1 time (12.2.7)

established

established : 13 persons meeting (‘12..11.27)

The Elderly, Multi-Culture Family Farms Specified UA Practices

Private Farms’ Leisure Gardens

City Farmers’ School City Farmers’ School Operation Consultation with NGOs Governance-Based UA

Workshop on UA Seoul UA Committee

7

Questionnaire Survey Results Survey Target Sampling Method

• Men and Women over 20 living in Seoul

• Proportional Sampling Method (area, gender, age)

Survey Method

• Online Web Survey using a Structured Questionnaire

Sample Size

• 1,000 Samples (95% Confidence Interval, ±3.1 Margin of Error)

Survey Dates

• October 4th, 2012 ~ October 6th, 2012 (Survey Agency : Research Plus)

8

Do you Know Urban Agriculture?

No 11.5%

Yes 88.5%

Base : Total Respondents (N=1,000) 9

Do you Grow Crops in Seoul Now?

Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Today

Yes 34.5%

No 65.5%

Base : Total Respondents (N=1,000) 10

Why Do You Grow Crops in Seoul?

66.1

Self Consumption 44.9

Health Improvement 32.8

Leisure and Recreation 19.7

Farming Experience

15.9

Education for Children

14.5

Greening of Surroundings Preparation for Rural Life Others

2.9 1.7

multiple responses allowed (unit : %)

Base : Selected Respondents (N=345) 11

What Kind of Crops Do You Grow? Lettuce

67.8

Red Pepper

55.9

Tomato

24.3

Chinese Cabbage

15.9

Green Onion/Onion

13.9

Sesame Leaf

11.6

Radish

7.8

Eggplant

7.5

Sweet Potato

6.4

Pumpkin

6.4

Chinese Chive Cucumber

4.6 3.5

Others

Base : Selected Respondents (N=345)

30.4

multiple responses allowed (unit : %) 12

How Long Have You Grown Crops in the City? Average : 3 Years 1 Month 42.0 (unit : %)

34.2

23.8

Less Than I Year

Base : Selected Respondents (N=345)

1 - 6 Years

More Than 6 Years

13

What are the Barriers to UA in Seoul?

Site Shortage

49.1

Information Limitation

30.2

Not Enough Time

11.0

Economic Burden

2.8

Polluted Land

2.7

Institutional Limitation

2.1

Climate Instability

1.8

Others

0.3

Base : Total Respondents (N=1,000)

(Unit : %)

14

What Should Be the Objectives of UA in Seoul? 28.0

Environmental Conservation 13.9

Health Improvement

25.7

11.6

Leisure and Recreation

44.7

9.9

Food Self-Sufficiency

21.8

7.1

Environmental Education

31.9

5.8

Community Empowerment

24.5

4.0

Urban-Rural Win-Win

Local Economic Growth

3.0

Food Security

2.7

Job Creation

44.5

12.7

Climate Protection

Social Welfare

60.3

0.8 0.5 3.1

16.3 11.1

1st Priority 1st+2nd+3rd Priorities (Unit : %)

10.2 5.9

Base: Total Respondents (N=1,000) 15

What Measures are Needed for the Future of UA in Seoul? 29.1

Securing Farming Sites

48.3 16.9

Program Development and Distribution

42.3 14.2

Farming Tools Distribution

28.9 12.6

Guidebooks Distribution

24.8 9.7

City Farmers' School Operation

17.0 7.4

UA Master Plan Establishment

17.7 13.9 3.4

Survey of Present Situation Others

1st+2nd Priorities

6.6

Institutional Improvement

1st Priority

(Unit : %)

6.6 0.1 0.5

Base: Total Respondents (N=1,000) 16

Trend of Interests in UA in Korea Accumulated Volume of Newspaper Articles on UA unit : letters 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000

800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

17

The Sites of Urban Agriculture in Seoul in 2013 Local Community Gardens (135) Leftover Gardens (142) Rooftop Gardens (89) Urban Park Gardens (3) Public Gardens (16)

Private Farms’ Leisure Gardens (55) Gu-Government Gardens (29)

City Supported School Gardens (30)

18

School Gardens in Seoul in 2013

19

The Sites of UA including School Gardens in Seoul in 2013 (115ha) Local Community Gardens (135) Leftover Gardens (142) Rooftop Gardens (89) Urban Park Gardens (3) Public Gardens (16) Private Farms’ Leisure Gardens (55) Gu-Government Gardens (29) City Supported School Gardens (30) Education Office School Gardens (878)

Nodul Island

21

The Community Garden on the Nodul Island in Seoul

22

Source : The Nodul Community Garden Support Center, 2012. 23

The Sites of Urban Agriculture in Gangdong-Gu

24

The Sites of Urban Agriculture in Dobong-Gu

25

The Sites of Urban Agriculture in Jongno-Gu

26

Urban Agriculture Policy of Seoul Tomorrow

Vision and Goals of Urban Agriculture in Seoul A Plot of 3.3㎡ for Each Household in Seoul Sustainable Local Food and Food Security Job Creation and A New Green Economy

Goals

Strategies

Implementation Tasks

Improvement of Urban Agriculture Base

Establishment of Local Food System

Ensuring and Increasing Sites

Diversification of Food Supply

Implementation of Survey

Supporting Local Food Business

Establishment of UA Information System

Establishment of Local Food Network

Institutional Changes

Food Safety and Food Security

City Farmers’ Schools

Reduction of Food Waste & Promotion of Composting

Development of Urban Agriculture Industry

Governance and Promotion

Supporting UA Technology

Establishment of Governance Network

Environmentally Friendly UA Industry

Supporting GuGovernment UA

R&D for UA

Development of Various Programs

Social Enterprises and Community Business

Publicity of Urban Agriculture

27

From Quantitative Growth to Qualitative Development

Present : Quantitative Growth

Future : Qualitative Development

28

The Importance of the Cultural Aspect of UA

29

Conclusion In the age of climate change, we have to promote urban agriculture for the sustainable and resilient city.

30

Thank you