Upstream-Downstream Water Quality Monitoring in Brantas River Basin, Indonesia Syamsul Bachri Director of Operational Affair Jasa Tirta I Public Corporation River Basin Management Agency of the Brantas and Bengawan Solo River Basin

Jalan Surabaya No 2A Malang 65115

WILAYAH KERJA PJT I (DAS BRANTAS) SESUAI PP NO. 46 TAHUN 2010

U

NAMA-NAMA SUNGAI

P. Air Mlirip

Bend. Gubeng SURABA P. Air Wonokromo 40 YA 38 39 P. Air Jagir SELAT 37 SIDOARJ MADURA Bend. Gunungsari Bend. Lengkong O Baru

36 Bend. Jatimlerek 1 31 30 Bend. Glatik Bend. Menturus 29 32 MOJOKERT 35 25 JOMBAN 25 27 O 33 34 G 26 Bend. Bening NGANJU 23 28K Bend. Mrican 22 G. WILIS 24

1 Bend. Segawe Bend. Wonorejo Bend. Tiudan

G. ARJUNO Bend. Selorejo

KEDIR I

G. KELUD G. KAWIMALA 2 NG 20 15 8 TRENGGAL 5 1 18 19 16 11 10 EK Bend. Lahor 7 6 9 TULUNGAGU 17 4 1 BLITA NG 12 R 14 13 Bend. Lodoyo Bend. Wlingi Bend. SutamiBend. Sengguruh 3 PLTA Tulungagung Selatan 21

SAMUDERA INDONESIA

G. BROMO

G. SEMERU

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.

Brantas Amprong Lesti Metro Lahor Bambang Lekso Semut Jari Putih Ewuh Kalidawir Parit Agung Parit Raya Ngrowo Ngasinan Tawing Tugu Bodeng Song Badak Serinjing Konto Kedak Widas Kedungsoko Ulo Kuncir Bening Beng Watudakon

BRANTAS RIVER BASIN

Surabaya Bening Dam

Kediri

Brantas River Basin Indonesia km2

• Catchment Area

:

11,800

• Population (2010)

:

15.6 million (43% of East Java)

• Annual Rainfall

:

2,000 mm

• Annual Runoff

:

11.8 billion m3

• Mainstream Length

:

320 km

Selorejo Dam

(25% of East Java) Wonorejo Dam

Lodoyo Barrage

Wlingi Dam Sutami Dam

Malang Sengguruh Dam

MASTER PLAN BRANTAS RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT FIRST MASTER PLAN (1961)

WATER RESOURCES PROBLEMS

SECOND MASTER PLAN (1973)

IMPLEMENTATION (1962 - 1972)

FLOOD CONTROL

IMPLEMENTATION (1973 - 1984)

IRRIGATION FOR AGRICULTURE SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES

THIRD MASTER PLAN (1985)

IMPLEMENTATION (1984 - 2000)

BULKWATER SUPPLY

FOURTH MASTER PLAN (1998)

IMPLEMENTATION (1999 - 2020)

CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT

INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE BASIN Bening Dam (84)

Master Plan I (1961 - 1973)

Master Plan II (1974 - 1985)

Master Plan III (1986 - 2000)

Gunungsari B. (81)

Waru-Turi B. (92)

New Lengkong B (74)

Selorejo Dam (72)

Menturus R.D (93)

Wonorejo Dam (00)

Jatimlerek R.D (93)

T.Agung Tunnel (91)

Lodoyo Dam (83)

Wlingi Dam (78)

Sutami Dam (72)

Lahor Dam (77)

Sengguruh Dam (88)

JASA TIRTA I PUBLIC CORPORATION (PJT-I) • PJT-I was formed based on Government Regulation (GR) No 5/1990 and its mandate was amended several times and then by Presidential Decree No. 129 of 2000 stipulating additional basin of Bengawan Solo to be managed. The latest is by GR No. 46/2010 to suit the Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources and to support PJT I business development (drinking water supply system and electric power generation). • PJT-I implements corporatization in Water Resources Management by rendering professional services based on stakeholders’ participations. • Main mandates are: water services, preventive O&M of water resources infrastructures, under a shared system of water governance.

SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Catchment Area Management

Water Quantity Management

TERRACING

CHECK DAMS

RESERVOIR OPERATION

REFORESTATION

SPRING CONSERVATION

HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER

COOPERATION

Activities to improve the land use and restore the hydrology properties in the catchment area by means of multistakeholder cooperation.

INDUSTRY SUPPLY

IRRIGATION

DOMESTIC SUPPLY Render water services to all users in a fair and transparent manner as regulated by the Water Resources Coordination Body.

SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Water Quality Management

Flood Control

RAINFALL MONITORING

MOBILE LABORATORY

WATER EXAMINATION

FIELD GUIDANCE

MONITORING RESULT

WATER LEVEL MONITORING EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES

Water quality management activities to improve the river and water bodies in accordance to its designation.

Activities designated to control flood by preventive measures as well as emergency PUBLIC BASED MONITORING response to disasters.

INSPECTIONS

FLOOD MONITORING

SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT River Environment Management

RIVER TOURISM

RESERVOIR TOURISM

WATER SPORTS

CLEAN RIVER CAMPAIGN

O&M of Infrastructures

RESERVOIR DREDGING

RIVER IMPROVEMENT

Activities to promote environmental awareness and public participation. OUTBOUND

URGENT MEASURES

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

SMALL REHABILITATION Operation and maintenance of related infrastructures within the assigned rivers in the working area.

WATER QUALITY ISSUES • Less of environmental awareness by industries, domestic and agriculture such as:  Waste water treatment in industries which still not well function correctly,  Disposing of waste water and solid waste directly to the river by the people,  Excessive consumption of fertilizer and pesticide by the farmers,  Ineffective institutional arrangement for water quality management sue to less of coordination between concerned agencies, and  Lack of funding coupled with incomplete regulations and ineffective of law enforcement.

WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS • The water quality in the water body are below or exceed the water quality standard, • Eutrophication problem appear in the reservoir due to excessive nutrient in the water cause severe oxygen depletion occur caused fish within the reservoir died and abundance of algae blooming, • Creating water purification difficulties and rises the cost of water treatment. • Domestic water supply companies as the users of the bulk water often can not operated optimally due to the degradation of water quality such as turbidity problem and water pollution.

Water Quality Effects at Lower Reach of Brantas River

Eutrophication problem in reservoir

- Effluent Shock loading by bad industries - Inadequate treatment of domestic waste Low quality of raw water supply for domestic users

Metropolitan City of Surabaya

RIVER POLLUTANT CARRYING CAPACITY RESEARCH IN BRANTAS

• The river pollutant carrying capacity is an important index which can be measure basin pollutant carrying capacity. It is stipulated in the Decree of State Minister for Environmental Affairs, Government of Indonesia No. 110/2003 regarding Guidelines on Stipulation of Accomodating Capacity of Load of Water Pollution in Water Sources, in order to implement the provision in Article 23 paragraph (4) of Government of Indonesia Regulation No. 82/2001 on the management of quality of water and control over water pollution, it is necessary to calculate the river pollutant capacity. • The study of river pollutant capacity in the Brantas River Basin conducted in 2008-2009 and 2011 in cooperation with an academic institution, Institute of Technology Sepuluh November (ITS) of Surabaya.

RIVER POLLUTANT CARRYING CAPACITY IN BRANTAS Location

Upper Brantas River  Batu - New Gadang Bridge  New Gadang BridgeSengguruh Dam Brantas River (middle and lower)

Surabaya River (downstream of Brantas river)

Water Quality Monitoring Data Period (years) 2006 – 2010

River Class*)

Water Quality Monitoring Result

 Class I Class II

Exceed Class II

 Class II

Exceed Class II

2004 – 2008

Class II

Exceed Class II

2003 – 2007

Class II

Exceed Class I

Inflow Pollution Load based on Water Quality Monitoring

River Pollutant Carrying Capacity

Reduction of Pollution Load

153,942.74 kg TSS/day 28,097.30 kg BOD/day 89,157.48 kg COD/day 22,054.31 kg TSS/day 6,719.91 kg BOD/day 12,211.94 kg COD/day

-36,674.43 kg TSS/day -2,385.47 kg BOD/day -34,661.29 kg COD/day 46,283.52 kg TSS/day 7,373.55 kg BOD/day 43,179.73 kg COD/day

9 – 98%

4,190,553.3 kg TSS/day 352,076.6 kg BOD/day 1,005,689.2 kg COD/day 60,846.7 kg NH4-N/day 9,249.6 kg NO3-N/day 15,180.9 kg PO4-P/day 779,831.99 kg TSS/day 90,833.24 kg BOD /day 231,095.18 kg COD/day 5,240.36 kg NH4-N/day 2,832.88 kg NO3-N/day 792.27kg PO4-P/day

332,221.8 kg TSS/day 54,616.2 kg BOD/day 253,345.1 kg COD/day 5,142.8 kg NH4-N/day 59,981.6 kg NO3-N/day 705.4 kg PO4-P/day -93,105.07 kg TSS/day 5,727.02 kg BOD/day -2,512.08 kg COD/day 2,035.46 kg NH4-N/day 11,566.94 kg NO3-N/day -72.14 kg PO4-N/day

0-89% 0-92% 0-92% 0-97% 0-100% 20-100% 0-99.9% 0-99.8% 0-94.4% 0-95.6% -

68%

THE RESULTS OF RIVER CARRYING POLLUTION LOADS IN BRANTAS RIVER BASIN • According to the river carrying pollution loads studies, it is indicated that especially in the upper until the downstream of Brantas river, had already no longer has the river carrying pollution load due to the calculation of inflow pollution load existing in the stream. • Most of the river stream needs to reduce the pollution load into the river as much as 0-100%, because most of them had none capacity to the pollution load. • In order to barring the pollution load into the river, it should be considered in planning the spatial of region/city should consider the result of this study. It is recommended to raising awareness to communities around the river for not increase the pollution load of river water in the future by not to dispose of waste and garbage into the river.

MACRO-INVERTEBRATES as WATER QUALITY BIOMONITORING •

•

PJT I in cooperation with Non Government Organization (NGO) called Ecological Observations and Wetlands Conservation ECOTON (Lembaga Kajian Ekologi dan Konservasi Lahan Basah), conducted the research of water quality bio-monitoring using the macro-invertebrates in 2008-2009 in the upper of Brantas River. The sampling was taken on December, 19 to 22, 2008, in five locations in the upper stream of Brantas River i.e., Brantas Origin, Coban Talun, Punten Bridge, Gedhang Klutuk and Pendem Bridge. The activities followed in June, 8 to 11, 2009, in four locations in the upper of the Brantas River watershed i.e., Coban Rondo (Konto River), Mount Kawi (Lekso River), Mount Kelud (Badak River) and Mount Arjuna-Welirang (Krecek River).

TAXA RICHNESS, EPT TAXA RICHNESS, %EPT AND FBI IN THE SAMPLING LOCATION No.

Location

Taxa richness

EPT taxa richness

%EPT

FBI

1.

Brantas Origin

24

8

48.95

4.04 – 5.41

2.

Coban Talun

11

6

21.01

4.31 – 4.94

3.

Punten Bridge

14

4

44.29

4.20 – 4.89

4.

Gedhang Klutuk

17

5

41.41

4.53 – 5.89

5.

Pendem Bridge

12

2

7.22

5.67 – 5.97

6.

Coban Rondo (Konto River)

22

10

79.42

3.58 – 4.24

7.

Mount Kawi (Lekso River)

40

12

81.21

3.57 – 4.17

8.

Mount Kelud (Badak River)

30

14

51.97

4.07 – 5.04

9.

Mount Arjuna-Welirang (Krecek River)

37

10

63.68

3.96 – 4.66

RESULTS OF HBI IN BRANTAS • According to the water quality classifications for the Hilsenhoff’s Biotic Index/BI (Hilsenhoff 1987), the Coban Rondo (Konto River) and Mount Kawi (Lekso River) was categorized as slight organic pollution; the Mount Kelud (Bladak River) and Mount Arjuna-Welirang (Krecek River) was categorized as slight organic pollution and some organic pollution; the Brantas Origin was categorized as some organic pollution and fairly substansial pollution. • Coban Talun and Punten Bridge were categorized as fairly substansial pollution, and Gedang Klutuk was categorized as fairly substansial pollution and substansial pollution. Pendem Bridge was categorized as fairly substansial pollution and substansial pollution. • In this study, the sampling location is in upper stream of Brantas river basin, some of results indicate that the condition of the river health is good but in some location shown that the pollution has occurs. This may cause by the use of the river as tourism activities and human interference to the ecosystem.

PJT I TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

• PJT I has tasks and responsibility on water quality management but limited to monitoring and evaluation of water quality change and pollution in the water bodies. • PJT I conducts routine monitoring and evaluation of water quality in the rivers (55 locations), reservoirs (10 locations), industrial (50 locations), public sanitation outlets (4 locations), hotels (2 locations) and hospitals (5 locations), And then report the monitoring results and its evaluation to the agencies concerned. • The results on the data analysis of sampling water was tested in PJT I water quality laboratory in Malang and Mojokerto City, then the results compare with water quality standard for public sanitation in accordance with with Government Regulation No 82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control.

DO CONCENTRATION (MINIMUM, AVERAGE AND MAXIMUM) Along Brantas river, Surabaya river & Mas river Periode : 2011

CONTENT SLIDE TEMPLATE

12

Brantas river

11

Mas river

Surabaya river

10

9 8

7 6 5 4 3

2 1

Ko ta Batu I K.Malan g I

Kab.Malan g

I

Kab. Blitar

I

Kab. Tulun g agung I Kt. Ked iri I Kab.Ng anjuk I Kab.Jbg . IKab./Kt.Mo jokertoIKb.GresikIKt.Surabaya

Monitoring Distance (km) Water Quality Standard Class II

320

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

210

200

190

180

170

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0

Water Quality Standard Class III

Minimum

Average

Maximum

BOD CONCENTRATION (MINIMUM, AVERAGE AND MAXIMUM ) Along Brantas river, Surabaya river & Mas river Periode : 2011

CONTENT SLIDE TEMPLATE

30 27 24

Mas river

Surabaya river

Brantas river

18 15 12 9 6 3

Ko ta Batu I K.Malan g I

Kab.Malan g

I

Kab. Blitar

I

320

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

210

200

190

180

170

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0

===> BOD (mg/l)

21

Kab. Tulun g ag ung I Kt. Ked iri I Kab.Ng an jukI Kab.Jbg. IKab/Kt.MojokertoIKab.GresikI Kt.Surabaya

Monitoring Distance (km) Water Quality Standard Class II

Water Quality Standard Class III

Minimum

Average

Maximum

WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATION ALONG BRANTAS RIVER LEGEND  Location of real time water quality monitoring stations (23 stations) Type 1 : pH, Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity Type 2 : pH, Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Ammonium, Orthophosphate Type 3 : pH, Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, Ammonium, Orthophosphate . . . a : Water Level

WQ18 PDAM Kayoon – Tipe 2a WQ19 PDAM Ngagel – Tipe 3a

b

WQ16 Karanglo – Tipe 1a

WQ17 PDAM Karangpilang – Tipe 3a

WQ15 PDAM Krikilan – Tipe 3a

Madura Strait

WQ13 Tambangan Canggu – Tipe 1

WQ14 Downstream Jembatan Jrebeng – Tipe 3a

WQ11 Cheil Jedang – Tipe 2

WQ20 Mangetan Gate – Tipe 1 WQ12 Ajinomoto – Tipe 3

BANGUNAN STASIUN

b

WQ22 Porong Canal – Tipe 1

WQ21 Kertosono Old Bridge – Tipe 1

WQ05 Selorejo Dam – Tipe 2

WQ10 Mrican Barrage – Tipe 1

AMMONIUM DAN ORTHOPHOSPHATE ANALYZER

WQ01 Jembatan Pendem – Tipe 1

TURBIDITY SENSOR

WQ09 Jembatan Ngujang – Tipe 2 WQ08 Tambangan Pakel – Tipe 1

WQ03 Sengguruh Dam – Tipe 3

WQ02 Jembatan Kendalpayak – Tipe 1

WQ06 Wlingi Dam – Tipe 1

WQ07 Lodoyo Dam – Tipe 1

WQ04 Sutami Dam – Tipe 2 WQ23 Jembatan Lesti – Tipe 1

pH, TEMPERATURE, CONDUCTIVITY, DISSOLVED OXYGEN

b

Indonesian Ocean

b

AUTOSAMPLER

WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATION (WQMS)

Water Quality Monitoring Station

Master Station WQMS IFM (Industrial Flow Metering)

WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT Water Quality Reporting Water Quality Data Management

Publication of Water Quality Condition By PJT I Website

River Aeration on Surabaya River

Construction Gully Plug and Check Dam in the Upstream to reduce Erosion

Reservoir Dredging

• •

• •

MEASURES NEED AND HAS TO BE DONE The problem of accountability for steps up to the polluter is very unclear. Provincial authorities hold municipal government responsible for not having commitment or capacity to address the issue of urban and industrial pollution, while municipalities and other stakeholders consider the governor too inaccessible to call upon to address it. There is also a problem of weak penalties for those industries that are prosecuted, which does not make polluting prohibitive. It is expected to apply the polluter-pays-principle as an economic instrument to encourage industries to limit their level of pollution to that agreed to in their license. In fact, the concept of this instrument is already prepared, but not yet implemented due to lack of the regulations may be required.

MEASURES NEED AND HAS TO BE DONE

• • • •

Fish sow to increase the population of certain fish species in Sutami reservoir Conducts intensive activities on watershed management Community empowerment to raise awareness to the river environment Students as young generation should be involved in activities related to river health and ecosystem in order to have their awareness to conserve water and environment for sustainable water resources. • Conducting incidental inspection (water patrol) to industrial water polluters along the stream with related agencies/parties • Together with other agencies / parties carry out incidental inspections of the industry, especially around Surabaya River, such as water patrol activities in the area in Surabaya where most major industries are located.

CONCLUSION •

PJT I has tasks and responsibility on water quality management but limited to monitoring and evaluation of water quality change and pollution in the water bodies. Intensive monitoring of water quality, charging a fee for pollution, and having a strong pollution law would all help to improve treatment facilities and to give industries incentive for treatment. Such recommendations for improvement of water quality and pollution control for each district / city / province is expected to: • Improve monitoring and control of water pollution in their respective areas, • To foster participation and public participation in water pollution control activities in their respective areas, and • To provide guidance / action against the industry as well as other potential pollutant sources in compliance with the applicable legislation in order to decrease the burden of pollutants Brantas River Basin.

THANK YOU