UNITED STATES DEP&IMEHT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Research Administration Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Division of Fruit; Insect 3a#©stigations

University of Califoraia

Hauaii Ageieulteal EKpsrlmsnt Statioa

TexritoriaX Board of Agrieulttaee and

Hawaiian S

PlantersG Association Station

IHVESTIGATIOKS OF FRUIT H*IES IN HAWAII

QUARTERLY REPORT

July 1 » September 309 X953

0O0

WORK PK.OJ1OT I-a-5«

Biology-Ecology of-Fruit Flies ia Iteaii* N« E-» Flitters Fro3©ct Leader, ?■« S* Messenger,. U» of Calif ° Agr* Experi ment Station*

The oriental fruit fly host properties of the Hilo variety of pineapples

was determined to be very comparable to those established for the -parent sfiiDoth .• Cayenne'pineapple* Both of these pineapples have approximately the same re-

■siatanee~ to fruit fly development.

No field infestation was discovered in the

Hilo form of smooth Cayenne but fruits exposed to eaged gravid oriental fruit

'fiies for a period of i week us re found to contain, upon sm average, 2«9X2 eggs and lst«instar larvae per fruit»

From 344. pineapples of the Hi'j.6 variety that

wer» exposed to the ea^-ed fruit flies in the indi;.cecl opposition study, only 1 absomally saaall f mit" fly ^as reared■• This easie from the 3hell of an infected fruit» This .s.urwiv'or.; repT&s&at^d the only complete pre-isaaginal develt obtained from an- ©striated total of 419^328 eggs-

The raass' ou3.ti2re of opiirie para..sits a of ls^gisg^g^H£ typc-s has been 'reduced in scops «inoe the tessdaation of avz shipiseat/s to the Pacific aoriihwast iby trial wpoa the cherry fruit fly• Weekly shipJioxruS have been made to Yakima?

Washington sinca May 25* These i-jsre eoncl^iidd nith the 10th shipsoont 6n July 27«> Altogether a grand total of 33^4^4 parasitss ware dispatched to this points la (an ©ffo?t to SotersBise to what extent the opiino parasites might ba attracted to the mm? spscies of fruit flies; present In Bolivia* a. shipa^at was sent there at the rsqiiest of Dr» Alex. Maaaro*

This .consisted of slightly more than

2.* 000 laboratory-reared adults of the 4 2an^^3Uj&&&3& typess

h 2* £g^^iSSSS» 2a (Slam) and 0« (Kqw Caledonia,*}

The 30-day meti:^l eugsnol traps on "^ausi indioatsd a decline in fruit fly

recoverids largely influenced ty' -the drop in catches at Wailusu Aiagust provided the highest trap returns of the qiaarter wliih th© greatest trap increase occurring ■at Waiaea whsii tlis trap 'recoveries were 3 times higher than the preceding months. Bioe.\insatiq cabinet

Tfee cabinets performed uel3. during the quarter• ■ No laaintsaanc© problems enc-oiiatsred other than roiXtine adjustmesits end upkeep of the refrigeration systems*.

Studies with the -three California sites concerned winter and. early spring

conditions*

33xe Santa Paula climate Has too ©ool for any f&mt fly activity

other .^han.ovipositiozi by nature £3^ies of the three* species» The -resultant fruit isEifestations .were quits louo On the other hand, under Orange conditions*

-^hile temperatures x-jer© too' cool for production of progeny of the oriental fruit

and-the >Sefilterranean fruit ^ly9 the-ss £Li$s'wftre able to issfost fruits

fairly heavily.. Further, the melon fly was able to infest eucisnbers all through the auarter, and from such infestations inteiajlittattt adult production was noted..

Similar^ at ^allb^ook,. late winter temperatures permitted fairly heasy SgggSsia and capitate oknosition, though ho progeny production. Here again tte neloa fly waTahE to produce a. feu adults occasionally during the period. From tuese results it would appear that the -winters at. these two southern CaUfornaa sites are marginal for the oriental and Mediterranean fruit files, but jifcre timely suitable for the melon fly*

The two v-asas sites, Weslaco and Winter Haven, permitted & moderate degree of trait fly reproduction by all three species• Infestations occurred almost continuously throughout the winter at Winter Haven, i&srs £•• jggsgii^i progeny i lot? l b d fi ntata progeny in ©i?en lesser^anotinti were r'eoorored in maters, and C» cantata Melon fly progeny emerged in much greater"-abundance*

$&© Weslaco spring-was

entirely .suitable for tho Ikwaiian fruit fliesf with more or less continuous infestations and the. promotion of largo nonbers of progeny. Hhile no F«2 -.

. ^

m. »«.

i

-a _• _.

.

.1.-...3

a?» ™.

?i*

o

and the remaining one was dissected ©ye by eye to determined the degree of infestation present

in the fruits after sucli an expo sura* Iii order to determine to what extent the field fruits might be infested 4 whole pineapples and shells* from four other we?:© isolated ±a holding boxes each

k

A total of 225 fruits were received from iCauai at which 153 were exposed to the caged oriental fruit flies and 72 directly isolated upon arrival.* Of the

former, 7.2 were held whale and a like amount was shelled and isolated* A total of 9 fruits ware dissected to determine the numbers of eggs and larvae in them*

No pupal recovery vias ioad»3 from shells or fruits isolated directly 'from the field* No pupal recovery -vjas made from the uhol® fruits isolated af-fcer 7 days^

ea3postx?3 to" ths caged oriental fruit flies and only 11 pupae were recovered from the shells of the 72 fruits similarly exposed". The pupae appeared abnormal^ small and only one tasdersized saals fly emerged from this total* The nine fruits that were dissected after 7 days5 exposure to t!2s fruit flies yielded a total of 26,212 eggs and Ist-iastar larvae or approximately 2912o4. ^ fruit* This would indicate that there \te?e approximately £&9932& eggs deposited in the 344. fruits exposed in the induced ovipositiou test with the shells an$ whole fruits containing near eqml amounts«

The tests corroborated ©srHar studios which bad indicated that the Hilo strain resists fruit fly development to about the same extent as its parent smooth Cayenne varie'fcy

Line Project 1-gl"6-$*

Effect of Climate axtd Other^Factors .oa the

of FguJt^Ries fol&K^i gzider Field Coaditiong^ "So" "iu» Terr* "'ffi' "of Ag«'

.B*E«F«»Q«,

'%© 30«day methyl eugenol traps on Kauai showed a substantial decline ia Hy collections during the zooath of September, but si£G® the Wailtm trap sit© Mb been responsible fo? the greatost, fly recoveries a2^ apps^ciabl© reduction lihat ocly f^oia fruit inf©ct=/cions dovalo^ad 5.e the previous t the last of th© B*-2 ach:(lt3«

In oontraet to "i*« rather msagoi* parforsanco on the part of these tyo spacies* the melon fly iaas abls to infest a considerable avaabsr of cucumbers during the quarter o The psreait stock was able to iafest 20 otit of 39 cucusabers placed in this periods l^rom tlsss-3 infestations 159 adults c-ias-rged from st, total of 1*291 pupae*. Also during this time 81 adults and /»53 pupa© were colloeted from the previous quarter's iofestutions* For thssa productions the developeaental periods ■were considerably extended, va?y3ag from 51. tp 57 days* This reflects the cool coiaditiona under which these Jtlies vere subjected» Some dead pupae usre collected from infestations of tfas previous qiiarter caused by the P-l generation* This generation was unabl© to infest eny cucisabsrs during the. present period* probably because of retarded seanal develojacoat of *ch3 rsc@ntly produced 'adults»

Bo.. 2 - Fallbrook. Gallfcrnle (Mar* - May 1953)* Conditions for late winter and early spring were studied during the quarter*

Weekly ssaan tempsziaturesJ, as sibilated in the cabiaets, were:

-arch,^ 50°, 54°*

54°, 57% 54-°y April, 53% 54% 57% 57°j 1-fey, 65°? 60°, &M 58°«

Hesaee ,it ean

ba seen that the first half of ths psrioci was bslov/ the 57° threshold-ll

From mid-April on* however, conditions improved gradually* Relative humidities during the quarter varied over wide diurnal ranges, for example*, £rom 20$ to

100$, with treekly msans in the sixties and seventies* As in th© case of the Orange, California^ study, U* S« Weather Bureau reports indicate that while the winter of 1953 i» *he Los Angeles area was somewhat warmer than normal* the early spring period* simulated iix this cabinet;, was cooler than usualo £Lso? for the months of April and May, heavy dry winds were reported* The oriental fruit fly parent stock was able to infest 27 of 37 papayas placed during the quarter aad only oa© r?ru5.t was suhmitte'd* Ms .fruit yieMsd 51 piipao,- bu.t i-'io F-2 .progeny adults* Ssireral carry-ovor pzpae w©r6 also collected; but again no adults«.

i%}y of the ciarront

infestations are esrpectoS to j/Ield adults in the following q

Kin^ fruits iiore placsd for the Msditerr&r.c3£s f-nit flj parent stocky and eIjs: wS2ls infestod* O^iy one infestation yio3.dod adults* Those numbsrsd 16 dlt from f 8 pupae, vaih a dsv^lop^^n^al period of 42 days^ adxilts X8 As with ths oriental fruit fly4 tli-ars will probably be coiao product ion in tba ssesii from eurrsnft iafestatioas*

While the aselon fly parents were able to infest 2& of 36 cisoussbsrs placed-.,

only 1 infestation carried through currently* yioldli&g 14 adults from 3Q4

pupae* . ifeny of the reminder will oarry-oTrer* A considerable nusib&r of adults* 128 out of 973 pupae? v&re collected currently from last quarters acti^it^o KJo activity Has noted ylth respget to jggc^bljE© progeny stocks»

The overall cool conditions of this site duriag the period studied ia reflected in the prolonged developmental periods, law yioldflj ©nd poor progeny builcwup, for all t'hres sp&eies-

Gsbiaaet No» ?&

Heslaco., Togas»

(March — Msiy^ 1953)

For this sits the early spriag ueslcly. mean temperatures ran as follows s

8l°»

Hencje^ all thrcagii tlis quarter tsinperatiira- conditions were suitable 3?or

fruit fly deve3jojs»sat and activity*

Husidities, agsia \dth wide diurnal ranges,

tended .from higher to lows? vsluea ao the auartsi- 1

Farsnt oi'iesital fruit'fly stocks peyfozaaed --all* 113. of 3& fruits ^ero infested, producing in the quarts:? 2S925 adults froza 5^790 papae* Also in th®

qusrtsr nore recovered 263 adii3.ts and 2.679 pirpas orrilginatiag"f3?om tfes qtLB3?ts?

pasta B«3VQ3,o]CS2ental periods for tlisse isfestations droppsd from 30 days early in the quarter to 20 dayss" in I4sy* The orieatal fruit fly P-l progeny stock

inf3stsd 19 of 2A fruits submitted currently, producing 175 pupa© but no adialts. Wo F-2 adult activity was noted o

Parent Mediterranean fruit flies infested 12 of 13 fruits^ yielding 759

adults and 1*091 pupae*

As with d&^^aji&, the growth periods for these Infests-^

tions dropped from 24 days in March to 21 days in April and May* No yields from previous infestations uas observed* The F-l stock infested all of 12 fruits placed, resulting in SV7 adults from 909 pupae« Development hare took about the same time as with ths parent progeny* Agst£n9 no F«-2 activity was noted a although immature F-2 adults were beginning to accumulated touard-s the end of the quarter*

Parent melon flies infested 32 of 38 cucumbers for a current production of

790 adults and I97tft pupae*

311 adults from I5144."pupae»

to 16 days in

^ss Ou3t.i3ge of Fgult Flies

S« Shimon©/ W« E« Flitters) ~~

.

The production of both oriental and meloa flies ma sufficient to -meet all demands* Sharing August and September such improved production of the Mediter- ^ renean fruit fly yas attained« This was gratifying since the winter months with their acconrDanying high tomidities and cooler nights ha^e aJ^ra^s presented" a combination* of iTaetoys that have been regarded as detrimental to Madfly pro» ductionw

Personnel changes iacurred"l^y the resignations- of both Miss Poro'fcS^ Kiimoto and Miss Graes Yasuda ^esre negotiated without Katerially affecting the production of fruit flies o Both of tha omployeoo resigaod ia order to oontiat© studies in their respsctivQ fields at imivsrslixies on ths mainland Unitsd Stttes

Since the dofflassd foa? m©lon flies has materially decreased^ a eors?©3ponding reductiojs in its crult^re Ssas bsen mad©» Fino^agh breeding stocks are being ■ maintained la order that prodizotion can be stepped up if iacreassd demands for this species should

l

The total pap^l prcduction for each of tae three species of ffcu&t flies for the months of Jalyj, Atsgust esd Septsmbsr &s& tbltd bl^ •Month

Oriental ffruit fli©s

557*696

Sop-tenter Totals Grand total

Line Project I«a-5«-7*

W§J6&3££~ 1,643.726

,

Msloa fly

Mediterranean felt

l

193.»842

^Im 699,472

«~SaSl ' 429,029

2,772,227

Production of Fruit Fliss Tagged with RadioEe.ti^e Material

Liae Project 1-^-5-8»

Hi2l2glr"^

of

in scoDt2

ton*

Etoisg the month of July we dispatched 4 separate shipments tfcais altogether

totaled 105.0&6 parasites*

Sines vth© initial shipment "in May we iiavo dispatches 33*464 parasites for

introduction and Iibe3?ation in Washington Stata to determine their attraction

to the cherry fruit fly* SMpping mortalities Save "been eseeptipmXly light, but to da*e no inforasation has been supplied concerning the biological aspects of the liberations*

A request for a shipment of available fr-oit fly parasites uas: receiirad from Dr* Ales: 2taro in Bolivia- -H T«as hopsd that ps^h&ps ose of the opiine parasite that had proven ©ffectira againgt the oriental and Mediterranean $wX% flies da

Haiiaii woi&d provo ecgpaalSy successful in aiding in the coafcyol of tfcs JMfly speoi^s of ^Si§i§tSi^ii* aafi other fruit flies in Bolivia*

A shipment eoasistinK of A Omu.3 lonaicaudat»*»as^ty?De0 TDressntly beissg culturad in the laboratory t..j3re dispatched to Mr. T* R* (Mrcbsier? Belt^il Marylsjads, who in tux-n repacked and Transshipped tham t.o Bolivia^ The consisted of parasites just in o-qoss of 2«QOQ*

bank of parasite brseeling cages has been reSisceS to 2.6, or 4 eagss for

pareat stocks of eacla. of t'ns A lon^ggjjdatus types* • .Fruits previously infested by the oriental fruit flies are ©xpoasci to tfca parasites twice each vraek^ re mold and isolated in the convert:lo:o.al n^Jiner and the mp&rla recovsrod during

screening is placed in jars of sand and p'Xacod in liaaite scs?3en cagos tzntil

eiaergsnce is complete•

Some eonsiSer,atioa is presently being gi^rea to modifica-

tioa of the old sgrstssi of supplying honey to \&e parasites hjj' ths application of feair streaks of this s^Estaaco aesoss fche glass front of ths cages*

IWX ~(H* Miyabara aBd T« Yamaha) Ling P^ojec^.^^

M&ssst && 'Sfasi From 134 lots of fruits (2*627 fmits), sighing 152,309 grama., 8,15?

puparia were recovered during this quarter*

From these emerged 4*032 Do

8 ^, 71 0 d^li 3 S^i^M? a total of 6*929 or 84*% emergence* Of the esnergenee^ 58»2% 2* dggggQrlaa H*6£ vhs £* £SEifefeSL®ad 27«2% parasites• 0» ooj^lS£ accounted for 90^ of the parasitlzation index* Tiia average siango infestation index of fruits collected from 13 localities

was 70 08 puparia per 1000 grams of fs-uits*

Haiku mangoes had the Irlghest

infestation index of 112 puparia p-sr 1000 grams of fruits« uther localities iv^ith comparativsly Mgh indices tiara Xzjd Valloy with 95ff and Kaupo irlth 71 pupar3^L per 1000 grams of fruits* Only Kaupo asasgoes had a high rate of parssitisation (5?.o\%) *sith most of the other areas showing slightly below 20JS-

parasitization»

(

35 & 16)

Eight lots of cotton collected from Sihsi^. Saiialu3.fi Piumene, sztd

this qiiartsr were frss from fruit fly infestation* (pa 17)

,

Kosesppl© collected .at Ka3.?/aa Imd a high infestation iiades: of .393 F&paria

per 10-00 grams•

?xjo.£ these pupaivia. 0*6% c;? the emeygonce wera pa:?®sites »w_(p» 1©)

From peach eo3.lectS.ons at Iltila (2900'}^ ths liifestation inderc vsas 323 p©s? XQQO grais^* O* 3-^irfeta ^as by far the laore dominant ^j^ei (^)

^J

acconsntel fosT^^iSraGitss h^s-3 22p of tib.

i

Sis lots of pspajsis collsctsd at Kaupo wers free of fruit .fly infestation

while guavas and Esaagcss collectad in closes prosiaiity had iafsstatioh indicas

of 94-»5 and 71 paparia per 1000 grans of fruits reespscuivelyo (po 1)

From 21 lots of guanas, tlia average indos: taas 98---S mo-aria j^e:? 1D00 graias

uith 50o7% pstr^eitizaticno ipo 18)

On pages £P *^o S3 ar© complete suaaaarles of fniit iafeststions and

parativ© emssrgsneas of the ffrult Hy species and parasites by hostts f^om 194-9 to 1953* Thsse graphs show tha iafsstation tread that started relati^el^r bi

in 1949 9 then gradually dropped to a 3.ow poiat in 1952, and t

in 1953 3Ja SBOst fruits*

15-

5/19 6130 TisMka 200*

ifeago

1714

20

193 103

0 1

0

5/20 6/5

450? 400'

Mango «

1813 124.5

20 13

289 53

29 15

0 0

1 2

0 0

4S0?

«

1370

15

13B

15

0

0

0

*

6/17

«

H

«

6220

«

6240

a

«

Total

6219 6239 9

5/25

•

*

a

n

»

«

"

°

»

45O5

»

w

1475"

1200

H

"«

Kaupo

1417

1134

12^7

n

1176

'

6339 Wallete 200s

12,117

Itogo

" 6/29

7/6

7/13

Total

n

n

6204 6212

G «

6236

^

6227

11

b

»

n

0

20

0

16

3d.

21

134

S60

180

57

1

6

0

1724 S203

15 15

«

»

"

1^2

15

173

15

82

/,0

62 206 506 242

»

7/6 8 7/13 ® Total

6/2 " 11 »

*

»

»

6208

6209

«»

6222 6223 6232 6233

r l? « b

14

Haiku

6153 6154 6155 6156 4

*

o » h o

Poansa® 100 s * n » 3 •'»

Ptemss©

»

I46O

«

«

« w » »

^fesngo f' « «

1962

.

1368 1468

1913

15

15

15 15

58

13

« "

6/29

0

' 16,144 165 1112 444 16 2

50

* «

« JJ

0

0

15

» «

» ■»

0

0

15

63.71 6100

« »

0

0

1302

6/S 6/15

6201 6202

2

0 0

15

a t?

0 0 9

tj^q

°

52*1

71

16^0

15 15

u

T>

4&

5*9

0

41

1679

6200

20,0

192

35 25

«

5

0

£^ 123

«

32

4

.7

n

6181

4

45.5

0

41

Mango

a

0

25

0 0

0

0

0 0

0 0

0

0

335

146

0

23.2

85

0

224 188 338 308

24 ££

37

0

0 0

0

0

0.

1

0

0

0 0

0

69

16 8 6 1

0

0

G

6039

60

59

39

0

0

0

25.0 H.,5 1*2

9.1

0

0

33«2

4

0

0

0

26*0

2784-1225

2214000 .37 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

■ 5*4 2O9

13

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0

11 42,3

43

22 133 348 116

15 15 15.

15.

4»0

0

0

0

1602 2435 15BS 1414

38

0

0

0

210

15 15 15 15

0

2 1

0

24*915

2173 1474 r/28 2X32

112

0

0

68 116 71

12O8

16 3

34

60

6

0 0

15

30

9*6

0 0

3.799

52

3

0 0

50-

04 95

0

86

5

1

159

500s

6/22

0

0

105

1245 1630

°

0

0

0

15

Haiku R

0

0

40

102

15

y^

614.7 6148

0

0

151 43

35*0

1913

6/1 ■°

20

00 4 5*3 0 1.7

n K

.Wailutai

6

62

%*$

0

24oO

1512356000 15 151 69 0 0 0 15 106 58 0 0 1

» »

w

36

8

6

47

R

»

1

39

0

119

6184 ^03

0

150

15 15

O

15

•

6/22

n

U

0-

1347

1799 .1305 3474

«

12

19

54OOOOO

nan « fe o ? n R

«

15

97

S2e6 34»8

15S6

6349 6174 6175

6183

i5

137 6

142^

6/1 6/8 9

6/15

Total

6196

o

619?'

7/15

I.

616?

Ksnpo »

0

7/1

jpv

6134 6166

45 30o9> 233

88 55

67 75

5

35

230

Bl 85 108

92

16,0 3J

101 210

0

28

43

0 0 1 0

1 5 24 3

4^3 29 3O6 140 4*1 293 2o5 114

2

128

9*6 122

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33 B5 0 0

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0 0

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553

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134 125 4S? 431

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9X/9

n

6T/5

c

[ Hog

Batg.

JfeiL

?/6 7/13

6229 6230

Total

6

3

7/15 "

Total

6/29

Halloa «

6231

Klpshs&ia

Xao

»

4&

1000

14

0

0

0 0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

14

0

0

0

21

»4

0 0

0 0

0 0

12 0

9*1 0

0

0

0

12

4.9

0

0

0

;

7,1

o

o

o

14

0

15 50 20

■Kfc» applis

2965

65

530

35 20

10 25

55

35

10 4

216 158

Mb, apple

&&3 622

4320 > Avocado

0

1

219 1?J,

Xao

7/6

6&S S&

5/21 6X35 WaSliee

500s .ferc-cado

20011 £,

2395

227

6"

108

39

30

0

v.

134 Tots! eoll©ctionfi

2,,627 Total £?idts

152,309 Totel wsight in grasas 8,157 Total pupae 53« 5 IndSK isiiDae per 1000 graaa

^ 6^929

Sssa

Sss M Saa

m 249 354

500 s

6244

6179

5OO» »

Haiku

6243 2

6/(3

J96» Frait

4o6£ - 1,009 2« 87 0t

71 0a

4.9f> - 1,750 (5.

27»2 Sanasites

0

0

0

3

16

24

? 1CO«0

93

17

%

250 254

APPIS IHFESlATIffll

r

1950 to 1353

par 1000 grams of fruit

Psresntage of adult emergono©

500

400

60SS

.-■;■■

20?

5

1949 3

"T"

.'

: ■

■ ■

■ -rl& psr

1000 grams of firalt

,

r

1M9 to X953.

I-fflGO

Ptsparia par 1000

:, ■:•:

■ -

V

.

■

! '

■

'

......

■ ■

.

* -'■■

3.953

■

..

J

0

300

graaaa o-f f 0, oonhxl

.

(Maul, To H»)

nmsmxm - 1949 to 1953

700

soo

10Q Bmrceo&aga

pa? 1000 of fruit

adult ©mar-genes

-; -

300

.

I

:

•

.'■" ■

■

■/■,■■■;

.

19«

])• dorsal!£

2' :-. ■ ■ .- ■

r

;" .

-

'

■

■

■■"■.

-

■

i

.

-

.

-

■■■■■ ■■

I ■

-

C* canitata

-■' -1

Puparia par 1000 grans of fruit

nas 19.49 ~ 1953

zoo

M^ii^ T^ H,)

adult

of fruit

$00

■

-,

■-

%

.

■■•>:-■'.

■

v / ,.

-

■

■

...

.

20

YA

I 3.9A9

I ■

O,

Induct

Pi^aria per 1000 gran^ of S?ait

-24-

Line rgoject I~a~5«»3o

Effect of Climate and Other Factors on

of Fruit Flies in Hawaii Under Field. Conditions*.

(Maul* T* Ho)

Meteorological data aceumlated during the quarter are given on

^

25* Tempsratures at all stations during this quarter were -within the limits for favorable fruit fly development* Rainfall for this quarter t*ss very l with the greatest amount occurring in August*

Pupal expsrimants were discontinued as the summsr months app2\5s.ehed» A feu experiments carried over from May xrfere completed in July witfe the following results 2

Pupal

Haleak&la

7030'

Haleafeila

5500^

Stela

3750'

44-45

41-44

26-30

Mult orisntal f?ui*& fly population densities remained at high levels during this qiaartss?* 3!n Juiy, thyes of five areas in vjhioh citronella traps gtve being

operated established new record catches*

Th3 August and Septsesber fly cuitch©s

were high compared to that, of prev:lous years* Good host availability* tritk mangoes and guavas in season during the qisarter,1 i^is responsible* Population trends for ths different trapping s:ltes aro g5-V3n on page 26 and is. th© graphs on pages 27 to 29? Sll

Record c«tches wsra ^.de at fiva of tbs E$t!iy3. eugeaol trapping eites ■ during this quartes?* A record catch of 10,49S fllos I®? trap day at 15iupo uas mad© in September* Th:is record «as slightly mor-o 'dhssn last yearns reooird catch of 10 /IS «Ties per tratj day* Makac?.!*?.© had a rocorcl catch during September9 Kailm^in August, and X^fcalna end I^ilssa in July* JfethyX ougsnol trap data and graphs ars suffinariaed on pages 20 '^ 32> inclusive©

DATA FOR Mini SS3OTOHS

\\\

WMSAU

7030?

HAZBABAZA

53ft)*"

\

POFUMTICM TKMDS ~ MSUX

Waila&u

Xao Talley

Haiku

200s

199)

&aa*

109

94 94 to

81 202

&P?»

271 232 232

144 157 323 63? 520 616 326 109

Jtsto Sejre*

23*5 2S;5

Jazs,

• 153 213 81 6? 67 75

J«3y

30

19

46

E®0* 1952

35

Jsmo

27

Fob,,

75 139 65 , _

,r

33 ^x 21

Jctne

1!

iteea, •*-sJS>

uatls

Feb. I-fesr*

-'

U M

140

320 222

67 30

451 1313 521 506 506

6?

170

5/JL

617

U6 159 261

49

123

524

175

202

191

50

159 89

3X2

36

123

%

56 1.-32 132 182

2S42Ji& 2iv 217 .199

153

337 344

IS IB

.

.

22 22

224 138 93

61 26

^ft 38 28 39 — -

53

15 IS

26

25

58 j*z*

63

.121 396

239

200

36^

Of1.1*'

J~'%

i?7

202

169

Zm

161 626

286 795

359 5"o9

30I

3g5>

170

/.62

JL.!fL

3t>/i

306 205

3-57 4S8

424 410

Septc

3JJL

4^S

132

623

167

Jt^e 3u&

££t

284

614

39

A66

153 162

290

270 31

76 175

111

199 423

666

45

1951

245

291 2A2 188 1A1 132

Ki£La

2?6

'ig'V

233 •{*•£

459

-:tr^

"'

555

I?! q;y

r

I p

& wM

.'

..

'8 S: ^*»*

■

til

:

1 |

1

','

.

OH

*-* H f'l i^t

I

O

§L

•-■.

POPDMTIOBT TEMD3, I&O vcu

800

K1333

fi

.

1950 1951 1952 - 1953

-700

■600

V 500

400

■200

-100

Apr*

Ifeg

dy

Get.

Ugc«

POPOMTION TBEHDS, MUI Jfetfcyl augsnol Flies jyer trap day

Igg2

Jvosq July Mgo Saptc Oet.

NcfiTo D®e«

Walfae© lehaina Hoaokohau Kihei Kaupo Makaalac» ftahika Kailue, Olinda Pala 2009 JSO1 300' 25° 2003 2100» 7501

511

1669

1147 2492

1030

1222

1393

1583

1425 1316

1746

695

56

629

1193 1155

481 299

.3844

?10

91

5439

6602

1152 998

xm

5S23

787,

72S 351

1430 1577 1740

254 374

10418 253.6

599

2061

2071 12S3 1559

3&4

1942

702

3483

532 580

X332 578 458 107

H39 940

268 393

15 35

127 312

12^J 1455 1349

26

91

853 879

492

32 70 120

587 821

617

172 161 556

324

629 56?

690 845

8%

789 652 472

695

1953 Jaa

(Hawaii^

High monthly m&i&3mm xs&ans ^jere rsaoi'dsd at most of Hawaii's ecological stations diaring the past quarter*. Monthly Mas* ms&rss ranging £rom ?O°F. to 85° Fo were common from sea level to 6700 ft« The absolute maximum is-as #9° at Kupaahu (100*) and the absolute miaiuram was 32° Fo at the 5XQO9 and 6700* stations of tfoe %raia Loa Truck Trail*

The temperatures, in general, were

higher than that of the previous quarter and also higher than that of 1952 S the sam© comparable aonths* Biere T«as very little precipitation and as a result the big island has bsen suffering from a sevore dry spell* The combined total rainfall at the fotir ecological stations* Kilo, Kupaahu, Hcfca and Maraia

Loa Truck Tmil, up to September was 207*96 inches as conjpared to 262»66 iaoises for the game period ^ 1952* Kupsaliu and Mauna.Loa !Eruck Trail bad the least amount of rainfall*

%beoi'ological data for Hawaii stations are sisEmarissd on page 47« ^

Although favorabla weather conditions piwcdlea during the past host availability played an equally important part in the fly pictee on th3 island of Hawaii* Sbccept for EUo? T.!ie fly ts?end followed t*© sass pattam

aa the previous years v

Hilo, as a'result of a heavy. mango erop dating the ear

siamiaer months,, established a'record high of 217 f!5ss por trcap day in Ji23yo

Fly catches* he&seve3?s dropped shai'ply a xaoath later*

At Kupsehu^ the flies

eontiniisd to declia3 eM in August" recorded 79 flies p©r trap d^jr which is the

lowest sine© trapping opeyationc rce?:o started da 1950. The heavy reductions in fly populations during the month of August can h® explained by the lag «& occurred bstisieon tb© closrlog of th© saewgo season and the beginning- of the season-

F3^r popalations increased slightly during tho early part of Sep-fc

and increaseci to great, ^ismbsrs toward the. end of t!is months

Th9 large goam

crop^ ahich reached its psak in SsptsBibop, tras raspoasibl© for the. buildup in

the oriental fruit fly populationis"*

Tho citronella trap data and graphs are

on page sj &8 to 53» Ts?endg « Methyl Euesripl Trgps^

R-scord catches at Hilo and Kulaiihr?.slo in July resid.ted in tho third highest

C£\tchos during tho past quarter rav©'alsd: that ths population of the oriental

fruit fly was twice as. abundant as it was for ths sanss cGiaparable period ia 1952 ^

traps*

She fly trend also was downward and similar to that of th© eitronalla Trapping data ar© sho^n on page 54•

METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR HAWAII STATIONS STATION

HILO BISECTARI

75J

KUPAABU

100 s

81

84

82

78*7 69*2

69*6

68.0 66

80.3

66 5*86

64

86 33*5

89

■

1,900'

1*92

4*000■

MAUNA LOA TRUCK TRAIL 5,1008

MAUHA LOA TRUCK TRAIL

5,900^

Ppto

86 82 06

I'lsso Mean

m.

Absolute Mino

Absolute 1%JC« Efe^o Mean 5-tki* Msan

Absolute Ma&o

62*4

Mine Mesa

32

86 78*6 55.1

S5

82

S3 74-4 52*6 44

Absolut© I'Jas©

79 72«9

75

Absolute Maso

44*2

32

35

35'

Mia« Mean Absolute Min©

£6 78*0

SI 74«.S

49a

47^2

59 '

5*03

77*6 54 • 3 47

76.2 53*1 46^

49

76*1 54 »2

4*250*

Hin» Msan

Absolute Min«

62.3

MAUHA LOA

TRUCK TRAIL

3i£as:« Meaa

61.7 59

3*79

MATMA LOA TRUCK TRAIL

7~-

8X*2

78*8

Abaolubs IvJas:o

68 1*26

69

85

Ppto

84-7 69*7

—^ KOH&

Max* Mean Kin* 2'lean Absolute Min«

8S

Si??! 70,6

•31

Absolute Maxo

3-2S

6*29

68

TEMPER4T0HE

SEPTBI4BER

AUGUST

JULI

43

'

SO 72*7

55^0

0

35

38

Max» M=san Min© M33n

Ax?solu'fc© Mlilo

69*5

4606

45,5

Absolut© MiBft

78 -

.

Absolute Ita©

70 0

Max« Mean

40*4 34 ,

Mia* Sfean Absolute Mino

73

Absolute Max* Max* Maan Mi&« Mean • •Absolut© Mine

_____

MAUNA LOA TRUCK TRAIL

6,700s

74-6 44*2 ■

3?

79 ]

36 '

•

!

i 6?«7 ^ -v 3^*2 32

POPULATION TBMDQ ON HAWAII

c •

s »

9

e

KOPAAHG

(100i)

MOHTH* 0

HILO

;

1

401 133

13

5

260

178

13

62j

39

IS

50j 269

84

25

245

19

M4

6

24

■38

11

13

2

59

40

13

29

1

20

17

11

20J 150

3

2

28

42

6

12

1

8

21

6

15J

64

4

1

17

.5

$

6

30J

24

33

2

6

752

39

338

379

599

MAY 1

368

356

505

JUNE !

309

276

198

JDSli

359

252

188

AUG«

203

218

79

april!

•952 3.953? ^^0 1951 1952 19539195O 1951 3-9?2 1 953'

$

509

406

tMii

382

497

OCT*

! 696

541

DOT*

j 325

433

CEGo

j 3.23

537

AWRc I 347

365

199 ; ««.

tacit

i

j

i

6;

j

9

865

10

1

20

31

217 j

10

2

6!

2

6

3

103J 315

18

13

5

20

4

5

4

151

1

10

1

13J 74

10

4

7

7

13

4

US

7

2

2

11

29

4

16

8

14

19

15

• 9

IS

10

90

—.

18

14

70

«

SEH'o

(4^000-5*100 s)

s

16

45

MARCH!

3

(Costa60)

9

34!

U2

451

(l^TOO9]

MAUHA LQA TRUCK TRAIL

14

793

FEB* i 452

*

KILO

121} 109

20

121

s)

(ISQii 19W»W51 1952 '195??j

53

149

K0M

23

10

66

7

43

26

| 27

74

1

s 0

4

3

a

3

3

1

2

t

-

Ml

t

7-

40

5

j l

—

5

8

11

49

r

9

33

•19

10

'

7

»

21

92-

i

i

2'ii i

10

i

^trjspt

■

n ■■

a

D00

' S

■ -. i

a

G t^P« ■: r ■.-:■ cr

0 P

a ^■■■q s si ri

c> Q W* O O O

■

>

f

!

I

p

:

■

m

tt,'

■

"

-:

I,

|j ■

-.-

■

..

i

"

:

, '""

|

§

'

v

O

go

8

•50-

P0HTUTI0N TEIi^S, fttXAKBA, HIM FHas par trap day

250

200

| 1951 X952

ppt.

30

150-

■■■

10 !

■■

■■■•■ ■■■

20

-:

10

: 0

_Jan* [ Fab*, | MSaarw j Aprpt5.oa tr 2 Popialatlcm t

1953 Papftetlon

Glass invaglaate( ". ^atioi: fciag fiata oa tables

r

lur® ■

104,107

.51-

POHJL&TICS? TRSHDS, HAWAII EXEEKIMSHT STATION HAWAII

BBAHJH, TC&HSaiOT, 1700 s

ffg per trap day

150

MTM BABj

. 1951 . 1952

12C

20

M I ■ .

■

•'."■/"./.■■

:

ESGEHDs

1951 Population t

1952 1 - ■ ■'■ion t 1953 Population trend*

Glass ii

■■..■ atsd traps arn eitroaalla If

Graphic inrcnaation based oa 65.^599 flies Stqpporting data on tables ana

Oot
:x,

1 1951 1952

30

30

20 i

■

■

'

. .,

. -

10

20

•

.

9 ■■;

■■

■■-■■ ■■•■ ■ ■

,'-

■ m ■ S

LSGEIJD:

1951 Population ■'/■ in

.

1932 Population trends..

195; . "

■

■

;- . ."

latios trend .

:

■

■.■■:.' ' ' . , ■ ■■..".'

■' "".■■;■,

!

K/ ^

^ ■.! Oct3 I feu

—3

"53"

POPULATION THEI'IDS, M&m LD& TRUCK

HAWAII NATIGK&L PAHK 4000-5100" Flies psr trap dsy

300 -*

250

1 1950 1951 1952

^ 1953

p

. .;■",

30

100

20

■

\

10

V

i

£3

■ .^ . |: III

IEGSSD:

■

:-■,'

Apr.

■ a

1^

„■ ■

:

■ -■

■' >■

July

1950 Bspulation irscds. .1953 Population tamels* 1951 Poiralation trsxais, 3.952 Popo3ation trends. Glass iiwagiiiatad tzapa £^d citro^^lla lure.

Graphic issfoymation baaewS on 287#660 files*

ibiiis data on tables

and

■

0

Methyl Eugenol Traps Plies Per Trap FJSB-i

Mia;

APR 1

600

739

220

163

22/.

179

1,389

732

3.83

265

587

2^,

161

- 13.7

72

26

256

-1S5

sm.

126

1,547

431

271

241

288

1,320

904

24S

OGTi

HOV*

DEC,

S3

232

222

263

,39

61

233

306

39

16

19

56

87

16

a

9

1

3

«-;■

3

8

109

So

60

66

56

36

43

44

174

132.

Lc ItoHfl.UMTJ (40')

334

110

30

20

HttDHIHU-a of plants« melon tlj adults fousft in a few localities \fiiero fe-vozviolo plants were preesato OJhe wore observed on cultivated non-host pLexcts growing ux^ler irrigatic on wild plants gpowlng in the vieinit;? of cultivtated plants. At Waiana® the pSjaate on whi©h utvults were prssor.'-; oa various ueeds in saeett3Lant growth

cm a from vfaitih praeviced- overhead ir-lgaticffio

Other plaisfes an wbS percent higher tbar* in 3,95fi• Mneli of this is due to fctie. Xats peak in fly catch from the I952 eropj, whieh earyieil over "into earlj 1953" EcK5nr©t^ it is also apparent fr-cia th® •clexci. t&at 'this V% not the cgaljr espBrnatiori,, sines catches during 1953 have "bsea* eoasiRtenv^ "«ighor. sk
Bate for the ii&iividuail teipc sire given 5.n t£l3le l.? as^L the ei^ trap records is talkie 2 c

7»

Eniit* iafGweotion f.^nd linci

.The infestation :ln gus-v^s gd •0-?>&u r-reacif'.-? a iK?.si:3i.ina of 23*8 larvae per

fv-yit in August,

Augvis* w^s alr.:o ths- -ricsatli of. pe^lr irifaytation In 1952; TJith

10.1 larv^a^sr f^uit*.

It should 1;q point;td ^ut a-^ain that tbe ■B^Esplia.s

tochniciiie «as cihe^gcd &.v: the "eo^irining ^f1 tliiJi J&?s ar^ it is ouits likely that the prescjiit 2j-fruit es-i^ls.7 2'ielS «?. hi£.?: ;

!

'5

»

,1700 i

s :

395 5

5

19o0

550 s

^g;,0

606

20o6

:

33

i

395 '

29

33

100 :

1025! , ll «

-

:

870 '1

:

75 -;

J

205 poo :

2° 33

£9

2 s

» Augc sAu^o 3 * • Set>£ sS©j»t« 1 « CqI' • 5 < •»

«

* Sept-

- o^t ■• 5 11

: ^lvaYaviey

a,

Ijuj* 6 ;Augo 6

0

6

Au/3.

- Sept u h

- Oct -

asioitttoftjl recoir^is 1Stos- tl; G

files of ths Hawaiian Sli-QJi? Pi-.' apnlieal&e to tize tra; y$l:tt& par.

9

1.3 !

0

2

^°5 ^j

2

s

12.2 ;

3 8

8 HoO ?

t

3

s 5^9

8

?

s s

r%»LAjWTTM TC3?

t s

4o5

7

:

0

j

0

1

: 10

s

0 ':

a

2

l°£ \ 80I

6

5

?

0

■;

2

«

•

S

JLoA'

•

' 0.8 ■;

s

3

1.0

i 5

2 s

5

1

1 1

5 5

i JtoU

1111

1

.

30

33

29 3k

26A

:

2-5"

\

1

. ';

5 k

s s

5

s

3

s

i

s

17.2

5 18.5

:

51

60 ! £65 I

:1 sI 1015 :

i ';

';

JLoO

9el

29o9

: 1

s

33

29 3k

i 1

9T!5 j 670 :

1

1 ■■■■! riPTT

^1

r.

£9 35

1 ;

2100

975 s 33o6

2X150 :

6Xni:-

s AS30 eiati

J i

D. OoQ

s.0»7

2.5 2

9

$

8

s

10

s

.

H 6 6

8 4«2

s 4.6

5 3-6 S 6.2

«*

2

2

8

7

5

5-

2

»

*C

U

..

2

?

X0

'a

3... s

0

s

0

*

S

5 67c7

1

2,3

1 O08 5 I06

i

29*5 30..0

-, 31.885

,.

3>

fl

2 3«^ s 80 0

s 0,7 3.0

a fr 13 so

reecr

a a a^

c

s

S

Manea \ra*

Lit *«'

s

7 5

:

>

- Al^K,

s ESa&aluu Valley

7

7

s

a

10

s

10

320 :

"

u u

Eaha&a Valley

7




3,55 -

:

: s s 0 0

1,6 J

235 :

33

29

•9 !

- Get .

3

7 6 7

8 2

0

Kuuonu Valley

Walmlu Valley

0o9 lc^

25 s

9 2

0

2

60 s

s

r©e.Ls©3y

S'abis 2,

Total catch In slU issfchyl eu^encl traps, Gaim, 1950-53,

Average rainfall

Pcsrdod

Jus©

28,000 28

778 1,640

October •«

24,950.

36,325

1^297

17

7,700

January

». Jaiauas'j1, I95X

il ~ May

10,950

£.6.1

.3*525

130

8,400 7,400

- Jan®

3^3

8,975

9

10

18

5,700

July « August

h 28

4,160 6,630 1m, 170

9,64?

November-

25

6,012 - Jeawarj,

1932

4,280 3,959

iterch - April pll » May y - Jua©

2,687

August *» Sep

Hoveiaber

1 in

93 IBS £02

^973 oz1 - Qctolser

6

lp,3*l

167 270 X9I

313

9.7

6 28. ry*S

S-ferch « April

April - ifey July

9,660 5 s 335

6,847 4,937

5,339 7,135 8,675

10.6-.

%f

S3 15'

12

1 16

35

5.7 3o0

2.7

9*2 9 10

33

p@c©iSber « January, I953

January'-"--Iji

4*& 7»4«!

4»2

260

171 226

:m

25

5I9

£0

4.7

13

3.3

sal 311

of data (tattLes- k*6) en fl«uit 9

S AlSgt3St

173

g

IQO

s"

236

J ]

a

i

Iko6

\

.Total flies

&?1

i

# parasitism

68.2

5

IFA, total

57

"s

I«0

o

3

23*8

■1 ;

1312

57*0

AtWJ

7oO

910

:

287

s

?6oO

200

3o3

J *

Data on Fruit Ata&enee axA Xsfsstatim.

X953,

Bates July 6

Sample Total Fruits

Total Iarrae

Total Puparia Siaptj- Fuparia

Oo incisi Qa tgggsai

Total.Paras Total Flies

$ Paras.

/

ISA

of Frui

jiBblo %

Data on im'it fibv^^nce k.vk'1 ;\n^esi;":c:lo^. August;} 1$!?3«

Sect.I ens

.

Date: :\o.

^ riO.

Ho*

Ai'lfV

1 -.

16 h

k

17 13

0

.IT

1•

I.

50

G

0 5s

k

6

3;>

33

3"?

i,

53

u

0 a

7

8

23

q

10

0

1.

2;.

3.1

\

V"

12

\

-

3

1 X

ii-

■ ?t

pA

-r

3Q ^^ "'

*. ">O

to

-'-.)

'-•• "•*• w.,:-j

o^s

3.05-3 . CO...;,)

0.

ao-ak. l 0

0.

^Incisi

0

■3-

i

o

.0

0

6o Total Passe

30