Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76059-1 - Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices Edited by Rory Putman, Marco Apollonio and Reidar Andersen Frontmatter More information
UNGULATE MANAGEMENT IN EUROPE: PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES
This book considers a number of problems posed by ungulates and their management in Europe. Through a synthesis of the underlying biology and a comparison of the management techniques adopted in different countries the book explores which management approaches seem effective – and in which circumstances. Experts in a number of different areas of applied wildlife biology review various management problems and alternative solutions, including impact of large ungulates on agriculture, forestry and conservation habitats in Europe road traffic accidents involving ungulates and measures for mitigation large herbivores as agents of deliberate habitat change the impact of predation on wild ungulate populations the role of disease in regulating large ungulate populations wild ungulates as vectors of disease. This book is directed at practising wildlife managers; those involved in research to improve methods of wildlife management; and policy-makers in local, regional and national administrations. rory putman worked for many years within the Biology Department of the University of Southampton, where he established and led the University’s highly regarded Deer Management Research group; latterly he moved to become Research Professor of Behavioural and Environmental Biology at the Manchester Metropolitan University. He now works as a freelance environmental consultant and wildlife adviser based in Scotland. He has worked widely in the UK and overseas, with research efforts focused on the population ecology of ungulates and their interaction with their vegetational environment – always with the explicit focus of helping to develop more sensitive and more effective methods of managing those same ungulate populations and their impacts on agriculture, forestry or conservation interests. marco apollonio is Full Professor at the University of Sassari, Italy, where he is presently Director of the Department of Zoology and of the PhD school in Natural Science.
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76059-1 - Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices Edited by Rory Putman, Marco Apollonio and Reidar Andersen Frontmatter More information
His main interests are in ungulate behaviour, ecology and genetics, with a specific focus on mating and social behaviour and on predator–prey relationships involving wolves and ungulates. He is Past-President of the Italian Mammalogical Society and was involved in conservation activities as CITES Scientific Commission Member for Italy and as a member of the board of directors of two national parks in the last 15 years. reidar andersen worked for many years in the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. In 2005 he became Professor in Conservation Biology at the Museum of Natural History and Archaeology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. He has been leading several cross-disciplinary research projects focusing on ungulates and large carnivores, always aiming to produce applied knowledge, securing sustainable management of the species involved. Since 2009 he has become part of the Directorate team at the Norwegian Directorate for Nature Conservation.
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76059-1 - Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices Edited by Rory Putman, Marco Apollonio and Reidar Andersen Frontmatter More information
UNGULATE MANAGEMENT IN EUROPE: PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES Edited by
RORY PUTMAN
MARCO APOLLONIO
REIDAR ANDERSEN
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76059-1 - Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices Edited by Rory Putman, Marco Apollonio and Reidar Andersen Frontmatter More information
cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sa˜o Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521760591 # Cambridge University Press 2011 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2011 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ungulate management in Europe : problems and practices / edited by Rory Putman, Marco Apollonio, Reidar Andersen. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-521-76059-1 (Hardback) 1. Ungulates–Ecology–Europe. 2. Wildlife management–Europe. I. Putman, Rory. II. Apollonio, Marco. III. Andersen, Reidar. QL737.U4U54 2011 639.970 96094–dc22 2010038359 ISBN 978-0-521-76059-1 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76059-1 - Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices Edited by Rory Putman, Marco Apollonio and Reidar Andersen Frontmatter More information
Contents
page vii x
List of contributors Scientific names of species referred to in this text 1
Introduction
1
rory putman, reidar andersen and marco apollonio
2
Status and distribution patterns of European ungulates: genetics, population history and conservation
12
john d.c. linnell and frank e. zachos
3
A review of the various legal and administrative systems governing management of large herbivores in Europe
54
rory putman
4
Hunting seasons in relation to biological breeding seasons and the implications for the control or regulation of ungulate populations
80
marco apollonio, rory pu tman, stefano grignolio and ludeˇ k bartosˇ
5
The census and management of populations of ungulates in Europe 106 nicolas morellet, franc¸ ois klein, erling solberg and reidar andersen
6
Impacts of wild ungulates on vegetation: costs and benefits
144
friedrich reimoser and rory putman
7
Wild ungulate diseases and the risk for livestock and public health
192
ezio ferroglio, christian gorta´ zar and joaquı´ n vicente
v
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vi
8
Contents
Traffic collisions involving deer and other ungulates in Europe and available measures for mitigation
215
jochen langbein, rory putman and bostjan pokorny
9
Large herbivores as ‘environmental engineers’
260
chris smit and rory putman
10 Ungulate–large carnivore relationships in Europe
284
w Ł odzimierz je˛ drzejewski, marco apollonio, bogumi Ł a je˛ drzejewska and ilpo kojola
11 The role of pathogens in the population dynamics of European ungulates
319
marion l. east, bruno bassano and bjørnar ytrehus
12 Climate change and implications for the future distribution and management of ungulates in Europe
349
atle mysterud and bernt-erik s Æ ther
13 Ungulate management in Europe: towards a sustainable future
376
robert kenward and rory putman
Index
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76059-1 - Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices Edited by Rory Putman, Marco Apollonio and Reidar Andersen Frontmatter More information
Contributors
Professor Reidar Andersen Directorate for Nature Management, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway Professor Marco Apollonio Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Genetics, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, I-07100 Sassari, Italy Professor Ludeˇk Bartosˇ Ethology Group, Research Institute for Animal Production, Pratelstvi 8, CZ-104 00 PRAHA 10, Uhrineves, Czech Republic Dr Bruno Bassano Alpine Wildlife Research Center, Gran Paradiso National Park, Fraz. Degioz – Valsavarenche, Italy Dr Marion L. East Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany Professor Ezio Ferroglio University of Turin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Production, Epidemiology and Ecology Via L. Da Vinci, 44 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy Professor Christian Gorta´zar Instituto de Investigacio´n en Recursos Cinege´ticos (IREC), Ronda de Toledo 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain Dr Stefano Grignolio Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Genetics, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, I-07100 Sassari, Italy vii
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viii
List of contributors
Professor Bogumiła Jędrzejewska Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 17–230 Białowieża, Poland Professor Włodzimierz Jędrzejewski Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 17–230 Białowieża, Poland Professor Robert Kenward NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK Dr Franc¸ois Klein Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Direction des Etudes et de la Recherche, 85bis Avenue de Wagram, 75017 Paris, France Dr Ilpo Kojola Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Oulu Game and Fisheries Research, Tutkijantie 2A, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland Dr Jochen Langbein Langbein Wildlife Associates, Chapel Cleeve, Minehead, Somerset, TA24 6HY, UK Dr John D. C. Linnell Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Tungasletta 2, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway Dr Nicolas Morellet Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, BP 52627, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, F 31326, France Professor Atle Mysterud Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway Dr Bostjan Pokorny ERICo Velenje, Ecological Research and Industrial Cooperation, Korosˇ ka 58, 3320 Velenje, Slovenia Professor Rory Putman (School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University), correspondence address: Keil House, Ardgour, by Fort William, Inverness-shire, Scotland, PH33 7AH, UK
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ix
List of contributors
Professor Friedrich Reimoser Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Vienna Veterinary University, Austria Professor Bernt-Erik Sæther Centre for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway Dr Ir Chris Smit Community and Conservation Research Group, Centre for Evolutionary and Ecological Studies, University of Groningen, Postbus 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands Dr Erling Solberg Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Tungasletta 2, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway Dr Joaquı´ n Vicente Instituto de Investigacio´n en Recursos Cinege´ticos (IREC), Ronda de Toledo 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain Dr Bjørnar Ytrehus National Veterinary Institute, Section for Wildlife Diseases, PO Box 750, Sentrum, NO-0106 Oslo, Norway Dr Frank E. Zachos Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Scientific names of species referred to in this text
In this book, common names are used through the text. Species implied are: Cervidae: Chinese muntjac Chinese water deer moose reindeer roe deer white-tailed deer red deer sika deer wapiti fallow deer axis (or chital)
Muntiacus reevesi Hydropotes inermis Alces alces Rangifer tarandus Capreolus capreolus Odocoileus virginianus Cervus elaphus Cervus nippon Cervus canadensis Dama dama Axis axis and their subspecies
Bovidae/Ovidae: European bison or wisent musk ox alpine chamois Pyrenean chamois Barbary sheep (aoudad) mouflon alpine ibex Spanish ibex wild goat
Bison bonasus Ovibos moschatus Rupicapra rupicapra Rupicapra pyrenaica Ammotragus lervia Ovis orientalis musimon Capra ibex Capra pyrenaica Capra aegagrus and their subspecies
Suidae: wild boar
Sus scrofa
Common names are used throughout the text in place of formal scientific names, except where the latter are used in text or in subheadings to identify a particular subspecies x
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