Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries Volume TIB/UB Hannover & • • > •

IBRI

The Icelandic Building Research Institute

7th Nordic Building Physics Symposium in Reykjavik, June 1 3 - 1 5 2005

ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

List of contents 1 Foreword 5 Moisture and temperature conditions in cold lofts: Sivert Uvslekk 7 Automatic Measurement of Water uptake coefficient of building materials: Rudolf Plagge, Gregor Scheffler, John Grunewald, 15 Defined drying behaviour measurement for building materials: Gregor Scheffler and Rudolf Plagge 23 Effect of method, step size and drying temperature on sorption isotherms: Dr. Ruut Peuhkuri & Dr. Carsten Rode & Dr Kurt Kielsgaard Hansen 31 Hygric Properties of Building Materials: Ruta Miniotaite 39 Hygrothermal material properties for granulated cellular glass used in ground constructions: Hans Boye Skogstad, Stig Geving, Jorgen Hagglund . . . . 47 Hysteresis and moisture buffering of wood: Jan Carmeliet, Martin de Wit, Hans Janssen 55 Hysteresis of Moisture Storage and Moisture Permeability at Transient Conditions: Rudolf Plagge, Max Funk, Gregor Scheffler, John Grunewald 63 Impact of Moisture on Long Term Performance of Insulating Products: Tomas Vrana 71 Influence of Hygrothermal Action on the Durability of Cementitious Adhesives: Ana Vaz Sa, Vasco P. de Freitas 78 Measurement of moisture content in basement brick walls: Georg Christensen, Morten Hjorslev Hansen. 86 Measurement of water retention properties of plaster. A parameter study of the influence on moisture balance of an external wall construction from variations of this parameter: Arvid Dalehaug, Ole Aunranning, Berit Time 94 Method for simultaneous determination of sorption isotherms and diffusivity of cement based materials: Anders Anderberg, Lars Wadso 102 Moisture Buffer Value of Materials in Buildings: Carsten Rode, Ruut Peuhkuri, Kurt Kielsgaard Hansen, Berit Time, Kaisa Svennberg, Jesper Arfvidsson & Tuomo Ojanen 108 Moisture characteristics of plywood Part I - Drying efficiency of plywood exterior sheathing: Tuomo Ojanen, Jarkko Ahonen, Olalekan Osanyintola, Carey Simonson 116 Moisture Characteristics of Plywood - Part II: Moisture Buffering Capacity of Plywood Interior Sheathing: Olalekan Osanyintola, Conrad Iskra, Carey Simonson, Tuomo Ojanen, Jarko Ahonen . . 1 2 4 Moisture conditions for organic and mineral-based insulation products used in exterior walls and attics in traditional Danish dwellings: Torben Valdbjorn Rasmussen 132 Moisture conditions in wooden elements exposed to artificial precipitation: Ingemar Segerholm 141

Moisture Safety in Attics Ventilated by Outdoor Air: Jesper Arfvidsson, Lars-Erik Harderup 149 Moisture Transport in Wood - An Experimental and Numerical Study: T. Astrup, K.K. Hansen, P. Hoffmeyer, L. Damkilde 157 Nonisothermal moisture transport properties in wood evaluated from experiments: Ingemar Segerholm 165 Qualitative work to study water movement in wood: Dominique Derome, Staf Roels, Jan Carmeliet 173 Remote monitoring and logging of relative humidity in concrete: Magnus Ahs 181 The influence of moisture content on the water vapour resistance of surface coated spruce: E. T. Engelund, L. Ulriksen, K. K. Hansen, T. Astrup, P. Hoffmeyer 188 Energetic Improvement of the Building Structure (EnSan) Implemetation of the Demonstration Projects in Germany - Experience and First Validation Measurement Results: Johann Reiss . . . 195 Classification of low energy houses in Danish Building Regulations.: Jorgen Rose, Svend Svendsen 203 Climate 2000 - Building Enclosure Performance in a More Severe Climate: Kim Robert Lise, Tore Kvande and Jan Vincent Thue 211 Designing Low "Exergy" Buildings: Dietrich Schmidt 219 Sustainable energy use in Swedish houses - A study of energy data and energy performance: Carolina Hiller, Arne Elmroth 227 Refurbishment of block of flats: Andras Zold 235 Energy performance certification of the EU Berlaymont building: Hans Erhorn, Heike ErhornKluttig, Nina Weiss 243 Energy efficient houses built according to the energy performance requirements introduced in 2005 in Denmark: H. Tommerup, J. Rose, S. Svendsen 251 Energy renovation of an old single-family house: L. L. Overgaard, H. Tommerup, S. Svendsen 259 Energy use and overheating risk in zero-energy renovation: Liselotte Apon, Elisa C. Boelman. Edwin van Dijk, Christoph Maria Ravesloot 267 Energy-efficient lighting, Concepts for bringing the EPBD to practice: Jan dc Boer 275 Outline of the German energy conservation regulation 2006: Anton Maas 283 Exemplary retrofit concepts in Europe: Energyefficient public buildings (results from IEA/EUprojects): Heike Erhorn-KIuttig, Hans Erhorn, Simon Woessner 291 Measurement and Simulation of Energy Use in an Office Building: Hans Martin Mathisen, Rasmus Hoseggen, Sten Olaf Hanssen 299

Energy performance of windows based on net energy gain: Svend Svendsen, Jesper Kragh, Jacob Birch Laustsen 307 Performance assessment of "passive houses" based on extensive measuring: Veerle De Meulenaer, Hugo Hens 315 Evaluation of the energy efficiency of a complex educational building: Hannu Keranen, Timo Kalema323 Exergy analysis applied to building design: Poppong Sakulpipatsin, Elisa Boelman, and Dietrich Schmidt 332 A One-dimensional Approximation for Transient Multi-dimensional Conduction Heat Transfer in Building Envelopes: B.K. Karambakkam, B. Nigusse, J.D. Spitler 340 Analysis of Thermally Active Ventilated Hollow Core Concrete Elements in a FEMLAB Environment Compared to Measurements: Sebastian Karlstrom 348 Annual Heat Loss of a Building with Different Wall Types. A Study of the Influence of the Shape of the Weighting Functions.: Eva-Lotta Wentzel & Lena Gollvik 356 Application of the Theory of Dynamic Thermal Networks for Energy Balances of Crawl Space and Attic: Eva-Lotta Wentzel 364 Comparison of performance of simulation models for floor heating: Peter Weitzmann, Svend Svendsen 372 Detailed measurements and modelling of thermo active components using a room size test facility: Peter Weitzmann, Svend Svendsen 380 A Sensitivity Analysis of Assumptions Regarding the Position of Leakages when Modelling Air Infiltration Through an Attic Floor: Bjorn Mattsson 388 A Transient Pressurisation Method for Air Infiltration Measurements of Building Envelope Components: Bjorn Mattsson, Johan Claesson . . . . 396 Air flow and pressure distribution in a ventilated rectangular floor: Carl-Eric Hagentoft, Sorcn Holmberg 404 Air-leakage in low-energy houses: Myhre, Lars and Aurlien, Tormod 412 Airtightncss issues in the building process: Per Ingvar Sandberg and Eva Sikander 420 Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of wind-driven rain on a low-rise building: new validation efforts: Bert Blocken, Jan Carmeliet . . . 428 Convection Phenomena In Loose-Fill Attics: Cristian Ciucasu, Jerome Gilles, Eladio Montoya, Eric Arquis 436 Do's and Don'ts of CFD-Simulations on Free Convection: Wolfram Haupt 444 Effect of Facade Porosity on Air Flow in Stadia: Agota Szucs - Francis Allard - Sophie Moreau. . . . 451 Shortcomings of building energy simulation codes in modeling outside airflow rates for variable-airvolume systems with a fixed outside air damper: Peter G. Loutzenhiser, Gregory M. Maxwell 459

The impact of air movement on the moisture accumulation in ventilated roofs construction: A.Endriukaityte, E.Monstvilas, R.Bliudzius, 467 Variation in onset of natural convection in loose-fill attic insulation due to geometry and materials: Paula Wahlgren 474 Design of Light-weight Super-insulated Outer Walls Considering Moisture Related Risks at the Outer Surface: Hanif Hoseini 482 Design of Weatherboard Flashing for Severe Climates: Tore Kvande, Kim Robert Liso and Einar Bergheim 490 Designing practical duct systems for a low life cycle cost: Dennis Johansson 498 Low exergy ceiling heating/cooling systems for buildings: Per Gundersen; Peter G. Schild 506 Green rofs effect on durability of roof membranes: FolkeBjork 514 Predicting the service life by Artificial Intelligence: Veronica Yveras 522 Guidelines for wind, rain and wind-driven rain measurements at test-building sites: Bert Blocken, Jan Carmeliet 530 IEA ECBCS Annex 36: Energy Concept Adviser for Technical Retrofit Measures - An internet-based Tool on Information, Assessment and Concept Development of Energy-saving Retrofit Strategies: Simon Woessner, Hans Erhorn, Jan dc Boer, Heike Erhorn-Kluttig 538 Intelligent Building Envelopes - Fad or Future?: 0yvind Aschehoug 546 Soft Heating and Cooling in Moist Ambient Conditions: Petra Karlstrom 554 Snow, ice and icicles on roofs - physics and risks: Anker Nielsen 562 Requirements of inverted roofs with a drainage layer: Leimer, Hans-Peter Rode, Carsten, Kunzel, M. Hartwig, Bednar, Thomas 570 Assessment of Durability of Indoor Building Materials and Inventory by Selecting Adequate Solar Material Protection Factors for Window Panes and Glass Structures: Bjorn Petter Jelle, Tom-Nils Nilsen, Terje Jacobsen, Arild Gustavscn. 578 Destructive Factors Causing Deterioration of Silicate Paints on Building Walls: Ruta Miniotaite. 586 Effect of admixtures on the fresh and hardened properties of modern rendering systems: CarlMagnus J. Capener 594 Using Measurements of Fungal Activity by Isothermal Microcalorimetry as a Base for Modelling Fungal Growth in Buildings: Yujing Li, Lars WadsO, Jonny Bjurman 602 Water vapour permeability and sorption isotherm of coated gypsum board: Staf Roels, Jan Carmeliet . . 609 Ventilated wooden claddings - A field investigation: Nore K., Thue J.V., Time B., Rognvik E 617 Analytical solution for moisture buffering effect - Validation exercises for simulation tools: Th. Bednar, C.-E. Hagentoft 625