EuroMagNET II Outline

Integrating activities

Proposal full title: A coordinated approach to access, experimental development and scientific exploitation of all European large infrastructures for high magnetic fields Proposal acronym: EuroMagNET II Type of funding scheme: Combination of Collaborative Project and Coordination and Support Action for Integrating Activities Workprogramme topic: INFRA-2008-1.1.1: Bottom-up approach: Integrating Activities in all scientific and technological fields. Duration: 48 months List of participants Part. nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Participant organisation name Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Radboud University Nijmegen (RU) Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD) University of Leipzig (ULEI) University of Oxford (UOX-DK) Tallinn University of Technology (TUT) Weizmann Institute (WI)

Workpackage number WP1

Work package title

WP2

COORD

WP3

Training, Thematic Networks and Secondments TNA CNRS static

WP4

TNA CNRS pulsed

SUPP

WP5

TNA RU

SUPP

WP6

TNA FZD

SUPP

WP7

High field user magnet technology and operation Nano object measurements and local probing Enhanced sensitivity and single scan NMR

RTD

WP8 WP9

Management

Type of Activity MGT

SUPP

RTD RTD

Country France The Netherlands Germany Germany UK Estonia Israel

Lead part. WP Leader CNRS G. Rikken FZD J. Wosnitza CNRS J. Tholence CNRS O. Portugall RU J. Perenboom FZD J. Wosnitza CNRS W. Joss RU P. Christianen RU, A. Kentgens TOTAL*

Indicative* Budget M€

10

EuroMagNET II Outline

Integrating activities

I3 OUTLINE MANAGEMENT The management structure of EuroMagNET II will be composed of - a Coordination Board (CB), consisting of the Coordinator, the four TNA directors and the chairman of the User Committee - a Council representing all contractors with weighted votes on the CB decisions (chairman to be elected) - a User Committee to represent the user needs and feedback - a Selection Committee to evaluate access proposals, secondments etc. Each Work Package Task Leader reports yearly to the CB in a standardised way on the progress of his WP. The report will relate the actual progress to the deliverables foreseen for the past year, and will provide an actualised planning for the coming year. The yearly report contains a financial paragraph justifying past expenses and projecting the expected expenses for the coming year. On the basis of these yearly reports, task leaders and the co-ordinator will conclude management contracts containing milestones and deliverables for the next period and agreement on past expenses for the previous period. The CB will meet twice a year to approve the management contracts in direct negotiation with the task leaders and evaluate the overall progress of the I3. The approval of the management contract will take into account the EU rules on eligible costs as specified in the contract between the coordinator and the EU at the start of this I3. If necessary, the CB may seek expert help outside the consortium for proper evaluation of the merits of certain research activities. The CB will also co-ordinate the flow of information within the I3, and the public relations, both towards the scientific community and the general public. The final responsibility lies with the coordinator, who will be assisted by 0.5 fte senior scientist for management tasks and 0.5 fte administrator, together forming the management team. NETWORKING Science in high magnetic fields covers a broad spectrum since a magnetic field constitutes 'just' a thermodynamic parameter applicable to systems in combination with many different experimental techniques. Therefore the community of researchers using high magnetic fields as an important tool for their research is vast and varied. The Networking activities of EuroMagNETII will stimulate the exchange of knowledge, information and techniques among this wide community. They will consist of secondments, training and thematic networking. Whereas the TNA applications aim at access, and the JRA on the development of new instrumentation, a decisive part for sustainable success relies on the scientific outcome that is achieved. The training activity aims at improving and promoting science in high magnetic field, educating students and young researchers in the broad range of high-magnetic-field related topics, and to work towards establishing an active and internationally competitive user community. The network will link groups which perform research that relies heavily on the use of high magnetic fields and will involve many of the users or potential users of the large high field infrastructures. The training task will organise two High Magnetic Field Schools intended mainly for graduate and undergraduate students, two to three topical courses for all high-field researchers, and every-year user meetings. In a number of Thematic Networks high-field researchers working in a more specialised area will be brought together in the frame of exchange visits and workshops in order to foster the exchange of ideas and the promotion of high-field science.

EuroMagNET II Outline

Integrating activities

An exchange program will allow the training of young researchers as well as the secondment of scientists between institutions. That shall be handled (through the Selection Committee) in a flexible way allowing young researchers (at the graduate and postdoctoral level) as well as senior scientists to pursue high-field related work starting from a two-week period up to a sabbatical stay of up to one year. The latter shall be granted only exceptionally for well-established scientists. It further should be possible to award EuroMagNET scholarships at the postdoctoral level for highfield related research at one of the partner laboratories. Thematic Networks High field conductors, task leader F. Lecouturier (LNCMP), Aim of the network is to bring together scientists and engineers working with ultrastrong conductors for superconducting, resistive or pulsed magnets with those working on the metallurgy of high strength metals. The network will organise specific exchanges and meetings, and a workshop. Establishing a common European user platform for sophisticated high field experiments. Task leader S. Zvyagin (HLD). This network will start to make a detailed inventory of the available experimental techniques for high field measurement in the four facilities. Based on the needs of current and potential users we will propose harmonisation, standardisation and best practices in order to improve the usefulness and effectiveness of the ensemble of the high field facilities for the users. The major aim of the network is then to deliver a common experimental platform for numerous type of sophisticated experiments such as transport, magnetisation and (nano-) optics which will allow users to perform complementary experiments in a standardized environment of the four European high field laboratories. Metrology and standards. Task leader J. Perenboom (HFML) Aim of the network is to bring together physicists at the high magnetic field laboratories and scientists working at the several different national standards labs, to communicate best practices, organise round-robins of magnetic field calibrations, develop kits to transfer the calibration standard for the magnetic field strength (e.g NMR probe and sample), further develop standards (such as quantum Hall effect, and Aharanov-Bohm or Josephson effect) that depend on magnetic fields, and to develop calibration of the unit of magnetic field the tesla on the basis of basic physics laws and constants of nature. The network will organise specific exchanges and workgroup meetings. High field physics of strongly correlated electron systems. Task leader C. Proust (LNCMP). Aim of the network is to bring together physicist and chemists, experimentalists and theorists, working on the high field physics of strongly correlated electron systems, like heavy fermion compounds, organic conductors and high Tc superconductors. The network will organise specific exchanges and meetings, and a workshop. High field physics of low dimensional carbon structures. Task leader R. Nicholas (UOX). Aim of the network is to bring together physicist and chemists, experimentalists and theorists, working on the high field physics of carbon nanotubes and graphene.. The network will organise specific exchanges and meetings, and a workshop. Molecular materials in high magnetic fields. Task leader P. Christianen (HFML). Aim of this network is to bring together physicists and chemists working on the electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties of molecular materials in high magnetic fields. . The network will organise specific exchanges and meetings, and a workshop.

EuroMagNET II Outline

Integrating activities

TRANSNATIONAL ACCESS The four large facilities within this I3 (GHMFL, HFML, HLD, LNCMP) represent the totality of Europe’s high field large infrastructures. They serve a very active European research community of around 550 scientists, working mostly in solid state physics, but also in materials science, chemistry and biology. During the last five years, these four facilities together have executed more than 900 access projects, resulting in more than 1000 publications, of which 10 in the highest impact journals (Nature, Science) and almost 100 in high impact journals (Phys. Rev. Lett, JACS, etc). In the context of this proposal, they will give full access to their installations and all accompanying scientific infrastructure to qualified external users, together with the necessary support from their scientific and technical staff, at no cost to these users. Calls for TNA proposals will be widely published twice per year. All proposals, from internal and external users, will be evaluated by a common Selection Committee, divided into thematic sub-committees. This selection committee will not only decide on the scientific merits and feasibility of the proposals, but also on the facility in which the proposals can be most efficiently realized. WP 3 Transnational access to static magnetic fields at CNRS The Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory (GHMFL) has been run jointly by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Max-Planck-Geselschaft (MPG-Germany) until the end of 2004. Since then the CNRS has increased its support in order to maintain the level of activity. The GHMFL is a leading international laboratory, with strong in-house research. It operates as a user facility for qualified external researchers, having highly sophisticated instrumental facilities for use in high magnetic fields. These include magneto-transport, magnetization and torque, visible and infrared optical measurements, ESR and NMR investigations at very low temperatures and/or high pressures. The FP6 TNA program (2004 – 2007, extended to 2008) allowed it to produce more than 500 publications, by French (40%), European (50%) and other (10%) scientists. The maximum available magnetic field is now 34T in resistive coils, and a hybrid magnet of 43 T is currently under construction (operational in 2010). We have made big progress in terms of the field stability and homogeneity to open our facilities to other scientific communities like solid state chemistry and biology in high field NMR and high field-high frequency EPR experiments. WP 4 Transnational access to pulsed magnetic fields at CNRS The LNCMP, the Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Pulsés in Toulouse (France) has a 24 kV, 14 MJ capacitor bank, which can power 10 different magnet sites, in which a variety of different pulsed magnets is installed, each dedicated to a different type of physical experiment. The magnet characteristics range from 40 T, long pulse, large bore coils to 78 T, short pulse, small bore coils. In addition, a 300 T single shot installation and a mobile pulsed field installation that can be used in combination with other large facilities are operational. Around all these magnet sites, a very complete scientific infrastructure is available, covering electrical transport, UV/VIS, IR and FIR spectroscopy and magnetization, also at very low temperatures and high pressures.. The LNCMP is functioning as a user facility, for qualified projects by external users, since 2003. WP 5 Transnational access to static magnetic fields at RU HFML, the High Field Magnet Laboratory at the University of Nijmegen (the Netherlands) offers access to high magnetic fields (up to 33 T) together with high level experimental support. The laboratory has a completely renewed installation for generating high continuous magnetic fields in a new and modern building (23M€investment). This renewal allows to offer high fields under very favorable conditions, like high temporal stability, easy experimental access, low vibration levels, and low acoustic noise. These conditions make much more delicate experiments like confocal microscopy at high fields and very low noise measurements at very low temperatures (30mK)

EuroMagNET II Outline

Integrating activities

possible. Apart from the magnetic fields HFML posseses a very complete experimental infrastructure (optics, far infrared radiation, mK temperatures,) making most experiments that can be done at low fields in a normal research group possible at an almost twice higher field value. The total capacity of HFML is distributed among in-house research (20%), external Dutch users (30%), European users (40%) and others (10%). In the past few years more than 100 publications have resultesd from this work among which four Science and Nature papers and 20 papers in journals with an impact factor higher than 5. The presence of a strong in-house research guarantees a high level of support for external users by the local staff. The user community served ranges from hard core solid state physics, semiconductor physics, molecular matter, chemistry and biology. HFML is part of the Institute for Molecules and Materials of the RU which houses 19 different physics and chemistry groups and external users often benefit from the interaction with IMM. HFML is presently constructing a 45 T hybrid magnet, and a far infrared free electron laser directly linked to the HFML magnets representing an additional investment of 27M€, which when completed will become available for external users. WP 6 Transnational access to pulsed magnetic fields at FZD The Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden, HLD) is a new user facility for experiments in pulsed magnetic fields. Approved by the German Science Council, the HLD has been built up in 2003 to 2007 as the sixth institute of the Forschungszentrum DresdenRossendorf (FZD). Its funding of 25 M€for the infrastructure has been covered jointly by the Federal Ministry for Research and Education of Germany (BMBF) and the Saxonian Ministry for Science and the fine Arts. The HLD has started to operate as a user facility in 2007 with first guest experiments coordinated through the selection committee of EuroMagNET. With a modular 50 MJ/5 GW capacitor bank, the HLD energizes pulsed magnets for the parameter ranges 55 T/0.05 s, 65 T/0.02 s, and 70 T/0.15 s. Further high-energy pulsed coils, such as one for 60 T/1 s and one for 100 T/0.01 sec are under construction. For the users, five parallel operated magnet cells equipped with a wide range of experimental techniques are available. The installation of the HLD combined with the neighboring free-electron laser facility is worldwide unique as a high-field infrared spectroscopy tool in the wavelength range 3 to 300 µm. It will allow for magneto-optics, cyclotronresonance, and electron-spin-resonance experiments. JOINT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES Four Joint Research Activities are proposed that aim at improving the high field magnets in the large infrastructures and the scientific instrumentation that accompanies them, in order to better serve the existing user community and create possibilities for new users. WP 7 High Field User Magnet Technology and Operation, Task leader W. Joss (GHMFL). Participants: HFML, GHMFL, LNCMP, HLD Aim of this JRA is to improve the performance and usefulness of the high field magnets at the four large infrastructures. This activity will pursue coil design coordination and development of common design tools and the creation of design and materials databases. After concertation with the user community, existing or potential, prototypes for special coil designs (hybrid magnets, split coil, radial access, high homogeneity for NMR, very low noise operation,….)and adaptations of the power supplies will be developed and evaluated. In order to further increase the available maximum field strength a research program on strong conductors will be performed in collaboration with industrial partners. WP 8 Nano object measurements and local spectroscopy. Task leader P. Christianen (HFML). Participants LNCMP, GHMFL, HFML + largest user groups. This JRA aims to develop and implement advanced experimental techniques that allow to do measurements on individual nanostructures in very high magnetic fields. Such single-object investigations are very accurate in determining the physical properties of nanomaterials, because the

EuroMagNET II Outline

Integrating activities

signal is not averaged over a large number of slightly different objects, like in regular ensemble experiments. The development of new equipment to perform such experiments in high magnetic fields, where the magnetic length approaches the typical size of the nanostructures, will therefore be an extremely powerful tool to gain insight in the properties of novel nano-scale materials, like carbon nanotubes, graphene, semiconductor quantum dots or organic nanostructures. Within the JRA two different experimental approaches will be undertaken, focussing on the electrical transport or the optical properties of individual nano-objects, using a wide variety of complementary techniques that will developed in collaboration between the facilities and the interested user groups. WP 9 Enhanced Sensitivity and Single Scan Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ES3 -NMR) Task leader A. Kentgens (RU-NMR). Participants LNCMP, HLD, GHMFL, HFML + user groups. NMR has become the method of choice for many problems in materials science. Subtle changes in the local environment of the nuclei can be studied in great detail. In chemistry one uses NMR to identify for example molecular structure, inter-molecular interactions, active sites in functional materials, the molecular dynamics, diffusion and local order/disorder. In physics NMR is used to study static and dynamic properties of condensed matter, like quantum phase transitions in strongly correlated electron systems, metal-organic and molecular magnets, high-temperature and organic superconductors as well as many other systems in the current focus of material research. Since Xray and neutron spectroscopy above 17 T are still in their infancy, NMR is currently the only technique that provides microscopic, structural information in higher magnetic fields. In NMR research communities there is a strong drive towards higher magnetic fields. For chemistry related problems a higher magnetic field can substantially enhance both sensitivity and resolution. For many physical problems one can use the magnetic field as an external parameter to induce phase transitions. This provides a strong incentive to extend the NMR technique to the realm of ultra high DC and pulsed magnetic fields. Solid state NMR spectroscopy at the highest available fields is expected to become a key technique for any leading high magnetic field user facility. High resolution NMR research and development projects are a central and extensive activity at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) in Tallahassee (FL) and Los Alamos (NM) and at the Tsukuba Magnet Laboratory in Japan. At present the combined NMR effort of European high field facilities is only a small fraction of the USA or Japanese efforts. In EuroMagNET I, a collaboration was formed to develop the necessary methodology both for high resolution solid state NMR in DC resistive magnets and for exploratory research in pulsed magnetic fields. This has led to major breakthroughs in both areas and proof of principle was obtained for user experiments at the European high magnetic field facilities. In commercial (superconducting magnet) spectrometers, data averaging is used to compensate for the low intrinsic sensitivity of NMR. The energy consumption of high field resistive DC magnets and the low duty cycle of pulsed magnets clearly exclude extensive averaging. The central task of this JRA is to improve the efficiency of the NMR experiments to reduce measurement time and open up the technique for a wider field of applications, including materials with low natural abundance nuclei, less sensitive nuclei, strong disorder and systems with very strong (quadrupolar) couplings. The implementation of NMR in high pulsed magnetic field user facilities will create new possibilities in a field of large scientific and technological interest and strengthen Europe’s competitiveness in the field of NMR. At present, the European high field facilities serve mainly the physical sciences community. A successful implementation of enhanced sensitivity and single scan NMR can make the high field facilities more attractive for the wider research community, in particular for the chemical and biochemical sciences.