Two-Phase Flow Modelling and Experimentation

1995 Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Two-Phase Flow Modelling and Experimentation Rome, ITALY, 9-11 October, 1995

Editors

G.P. Celata

R.K. Shah

ENEA, Energy Department CR Casaccia, Rome, ITALY

Delphi Harrison Thermal Systems, GM Lockport, NY, USA

Volume 1

1995

Edizioni ETS PISA

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Conference Scientific Committee Invited

v vii Lectures

Difficulties in Two-Phase Flow Modelling for Best Estimate Thermal-Hydraulic Codes Y. Murao

3

Structure and Transport Processes in Free-Surface Turbulence S. Banerjee

13

Multiphase Instrumentation: The Keystone of Multidimensional Multiphase Flow Modelling H. Lemonnier

23

Two-Phase Flow and Boiling, Insights and Understanding by Modern Non-Invasive Measuring Techniques F. Mayinger

31

Flow Boiling in Horizontal Tubes: A Critical Assessment of Current Methodologies J.R. Thome

41

Three-Phase Liquid-Liquid-Gas Flows: A New Challenge G.F. Hewitt, A.R.W. Hall and L. Pan

53

CONTRIBUTED Fundamental

PAPERS

Equations and Closure Laws for Two-Phase Flow

A Computer Technique to Develop a Model of Vertical Dense Phase Gas-Solids Flow from Experimental Data R.J. Hitt and P. Marjanovic

67

Analytical-Numerical Analysis of Luikov's Internal and External Drying Problems J.W. Ribeiro and L.B. Rocha

75

Numerical Method for Calculation of Droplet Evaporation Time from a Heated Flat Surface Z. Zapalowicz

83

Mechanistic Modeling of Nucleation and Flashing Phenomena N.I. Kolev

91

Numerical Simulation of Liquid Injection into a Supersonic Flow R. Dhinagaran and T.K. Bose

101

The Theory of Two-Phase Turbulent Polydisperse Flows in Channels V.A. Naumov, A.M. Podvysotsky and A.A. Shraiber

109

Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Natural Circulation Induced by a Bubble Plume S. Kodama, T. Toi, I. Kataoka, A. Gofuku and A. Serizawa

117

Treatment of Symmetry Boundary Condition for Two-Phase Dilute Flows R. Saurel, E. Daniel and J.C. Loraud

125

A Numerical Algorithm for Handling Spatial Discontinuities in Boiling Channels B. L. Smith, P. Heusser and F. Hofheinz

133

Interfacial and Film Flow Phenomena Enhancement of Droplet Entrainment From Liquid Film Flowing Over Horizontal Ribbed Surfaces C.K. Lee and A.M. Mjani

143

Interfacial Friction Effect on Sound Propagation in Gas-Liquid Foam I. Goldfarb, V. Goldshtein and I. Shreiber

149

An Analysis on the Interfacial Stability of Stratified Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Circular Pipe X.J. Chen, G.J. Li and L.J. Guo

155

Analytical Prediction of the Interface Curvature and its Effects on Stratified Two-Phase Flow Characteristics D. Moalem Maron, N. Brauner and Y. Rovinsky

163

Phenomenological Modelling of Flow Regime Map in Vertical Gas-Liquid Countercurrent Flows J.Z. Zhang and M. Giot

171

Nonlinear Wave Solution of a Two-Wave Equation O.Yu. Tsvelodub

185

Prediction of Holdup in Two Phase Gas-Liquid Vertical Downflow P.L. Spedding, N.P. Hand and M.E.G. Ferguson

191

Visualization of Dynamic Behaviour of a Liquid Film Flow Using a Fluorescence Dye Method A. Serizawa, T. Kamei, I. Kataoka, O. Takahashi and Z. Kawara

197

Heat Transfer from a Vertical Heat Source to Falling Liquid Film O.A. Kabov, A.V. Diatlov and I.V. Marchuk

203

Wave Flow of Rivulet on Outer Surface of an Inclined Cylinder S.V. Alekseenko, W. Licht, D.M. Markovich and S.I. Shtork

211

Condensation A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Direct-Contact Condensation on Liquid Layer J. Mikielewicz, M. Trela and E. Ihnatowicz

221

XI

Theoretical Prediction of Vapor Temperature Effect on Dropwise Condensation Y.J. Song, X.G. Ren, D.Q. Xu and J.F. Lin

229

Experiment for Condensing Heat Transfer Performance in Horizontal Three Dimensional Inner Microfin Tubes Y. Du, M.D. Xin and S.M. Huang

235

Non-Equilibrium Two-Dimensional Wet Steam Flow in Turbine Blade Cascades. Theory and Experimentation P. Pitto, A. Trucco Martinengo and F. Nurzia

243

Heat Exchange during Film Boiling and Condensation in a Granular Layer V.E. Nakoryakov and P.T. Petrik

253

Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficients on Enhanced Tubes: Experimental and Theoretical Analysis on Vapour Shear Effects A. Cavallini, L. Doretti, N.K. Klammsteiner, G.A. Longo and L. Rossetto

261

Heat Transfer by Direct Contact Condensation in Stratified Two-Phase Flow at High System Pressure H. Ruile

269

Void Fraction Profile in Subcooled Water-Steam Condensing Flow O. Zeitoun, M. Shoukri and V. Chatoorgoon

277

Turbulent Film Condensation of Pure Vapour Flowing Normal to a Condenser Tube P.K. Sarma, B.Vijaya Lakshmi, F. Mayinger and S. Kaka?

285

Vacuum Drop Test - A Key to Predict Condenser Performance P.S.V. Kurmarao

295

Two-Phase Flow Modeling Eulerian Modelling of Dispersed Flow with Particle Rotation K.A. Jacobsen and S.T. Johansen

301

A New Model for Gas/Solid Pipe Flow B.X. Wu, S.L. Chang, S.A. Lottes and M. Petrick

309

A Mathematical Model for the 3D Gas-Solid Flow in the Freeboard of a Vortexing Fluidized Bed Combustor Y.Q. Xu, S.N. Chen and H. Zhang

317

On the Modelling of Vapour Bubble Nucleation Y. Aounallah

325

Mathematical Modelling and Experimentational Study of Heat Mass Transfer and Hydrodynamic with Convective Drying of Dispersive Materials S.P. Rudobashta

331

XII

Modelling of Two-Phase Flow in Dividing T-junctions with Horizontal Inlet Pipe T. Skorek

339

Premixing Modelling O.I. Melikhov, V.I. Melikhov and B.I. Nigmatulin

347

Investigation of Entrainment in a Dispersed-Annular Gas-Liquid Flow I.D. Khodjaev

353

Turbulence in Two-Phase Flow Effect of Wall Roughness on Bubble Motion in Rectangular Tube T. Takamasa and K. Kondo

361

Frequency Characteristics of Turbulence in Vertical Bubble Flow H. Monji and G. Matsui

367

The Comparison of Stochastic and Diffusion Models of Dispersed Phase in Two-Phase Turbulent Flow M. Sijercic, G. Zivkovic and S. Oka

375

Turbulent Length Scales in a Bubbly Mixing Layer V. Roig, N. Larrieu and C. Suzanne

383

Analytical Solution with Algebraic Turbulence Models for Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Annular Flow and Heat Transfer E. Nogueira, R.M. Cotta, N.C.L. Brum, and S. Kakag

389

Numerical Calculation of Two-Phase Turbulent Confined Swirling Jets J.L.T. Azevedo and J.C.F. Pereira

397

Turbulent Mixing of both Gas and Liquid Phases between Subchannels in Two-Phase Hydrodynamic Equilibrium Flows M. Sadatomi, A. Kawahara and Y. Sato

403

Mathematical Model of Bubble Splitting and Coalescence in Liquid Turbulent Flow B.A. Sosinovich, V.A. Tsyganov, B.A. Kolovandin, B.I. Puris and V.A. Gertsovich

411

Two-Phase

Jets

Numerical Prediction of Turbulent Dispersion in Two-Phase Jet Flows R.I. Issa and P.J. Oliveira

421

Experimental Analysis of an Axisymmetric Turbulent Air Jet Laden with Polydispersed Solid Particles F. Prevost, J. Boree, H.J. Nuglisch and G. Charnay

429

XIII

Impingement Heat Transfer from a Tube to a Slot Jet of Water During Incipient and Nucleate Boiling C. Bartoli, P. Di Marco and S. Faggiani

437

Heat Mass Transfer in a Wall Co-Current Jet with Liquid Particles E.P. Volchkov, V.P. Lebedev, V.I. Terekhov and N.E. Shishkin

443

Bubbly

Flow

Gas-Liquid Bubbly Flow in a Near-Wall Region V.E. Nakoryakov and O.N. Kashinsky

453

Modelling and Analysis of Turbulence Structure in Bubbly Flow I. Kataoka and A. Serizawa

459

Wall Shear Stress and Liquid Fluctuations in Upward Laminar Bubble Flow O.N. Kashinsky, L.S. Timkin and A. Cartelier

467

Axial and Radial Development of Local Two-Phase Flow Parameters for Vertical Bubbly Flow in a Pipe with Sudden Expansion A. Rinne and R. Loth

473

Nuclear

Reactor

Safety

Evaluation of the Data Base from the Small Break LOCA High Power and Low Power Tests Performed in PWR Experimental Simulators LOBI and SPES F. D'Auria, G.M. Galassi and M. Ingegneri

483

Thermohydraulics of Steam-Liquid Flow in a Channel with a Rod Bundle B.I. Nigmatulin and I.D. Khodjaev

493

Current Status of Methodologies Evaluating the Uncertainty in the Prediction of Thermalhydraulic Phenomena in Nuclear Reactors F. D'Auria, M. Leonardi, H. Glaeser and R. Pochard

501

Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Horizontal Steam Generator V.I. Melikhov, O.I. Melikhov and B.I. Nigmatulin

511

Code Development for Reactor Outages Simulation and Evaluation Midloop Operation Analysis K. S. Liang, F. K. Ko, D. Y. Hsia, B. S. Pei and W. K. Lin

519

Relevant Thermalhydraulic Aspects in Four 1% Small Break LOCA Experiments in LOBI Facility C. Congiu, F. D'Auria, M. Frogheri, G.M. Galassi, A. Madeira and H. Zhao

527

Experimental Investigation of Accident Thermohydraulic Processes under Circuit Depressurization at ISB-VVER Safety Integral Test Facility A.P. Proshutinsky, M.P. Gashenko, LA. Lipatov, E.V. Stolyarov, B.I. Nigmatulin and V.A. Gashenko, I.V. Elkin, H.M. Prasser and W. Zippe

537

XIV

IIST and LSTF Counterpart Test on PWR Station Blackout Transient T.J. Liu, C. H. Lee, I.M. Hwang and L.C. Chiang

545

Large Scale Experiment on Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer with Nitrogen in a Steam Generator under SBLOCA Conditions B. Schoen and P. Weber

553

IIST and LSTF/BETHSY Counterpart Tests on PWR Small Break LOCA C.H. Lee, T.J. Liu, W.T. Hong and Y.K. Chan

563

Two-Phase Pressure Drop Prediction of Holdup and Frictional Pressure Loss in Two Phase Horizontal, Co-Current Flow P.L. Spedding and N.P. Hand

573

Pressure Drop and Dispersion Characteristics of Separated Oil/Water Flow A. Valle and H. Kvandal

583

Loss Measurements and the Interpretation of Pitot Pressures in Two-Phase Vapour-Droplet Flow A.J. White and J.B. Young

593

Frictional Pressure Loss for a Stable Oil-Water Emulsions in Pipeflow H. Kvandal and T. S0ntvedt

601

Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop for Zeotropic Mixtures in a Horizontal Tube P. Melin and L. Vamling

609

Pressure Drop with Highly Subcooled Flow Boiling in Small Diameter Tubes W. Tong, A.E. Bergles and M.K. Jensen

617

The Effect of Density Ratio on Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop A.J. Holt, B.J. Azzopardi and M.W. Biddulph

629

Friction Factor in Upflowing Two-Phase Mixtures According to Energy or Momentum Balance C. Lombardi and A. Terlizzi

637

An Experimental Study on Pressure Drop and Void Fraction of Air/Water Two-Phase Flow in Vertical Helicoidal Pipes R.C. Xin, A. Awwad, Z.F. Dong and M.A. Ebadian

647

Pressure Drop Characteristics of Ice-Water Flows C.W. Snoek, S.U. Joanis and R.P. Gupta

655

Two-Phase Flow Instrumentation and Measurement

Techniques

Drop Size and Entrapment Measurements in Horizontal Flow A.M. Ribeiro, T.R. Bott and D.M. Jepson

665

XV

Probe Measurements of Local Carrying Gas Fraction in Trickle-Bed Reactor I. Zun, M. Perpar and B. Filipic

675

A New Laser Optical Fiber Probe for Measuring the Particle Velocity and Concentration of the Air-Solid Two-Phase Flow W.J. Zhang and B. Zhang

683

A Non-Intrusive High Speed System for Measuring Void Fraction Fluctuations in Annular Flow T.U. Hersperger, Ph. Rudolf von Rohr and P.A. Neukomm

689

On-Line Measurement of Mass Concentration and Particle Size in Emissions using Light Scattering Technique N.N. Wang and G.D. Xu

695

A Study on a Draining Water Film Associated with Condensation or Evaporation T. Nosoko, T. Nagata and K. Oyakawa

701

A Contribution to Uncertainty Estimation of Local Void Fraction Measurement in Gas-Liquid Flows P.M. Carrica, D. Sanz, G. Delgadino, D. Zanette and P. Di Marco

709

An Investigation on Time-Series Data Processing of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow T. Sawai, S. Yamauchi and S. Nakanishi

715

Characterization of Cavitation in a Centrifugal Pump through Maximum Noise Emission Analysis G. Cangioli

723

TLC Image Processing for Deducing Instantaneous Temperature Fields within Liquid Drops Translating in an Immiscible Liquid T. Nozaki, N. Kaji and Y.H. Mori

731

Visualization of Transient Two-Phase Flows using Multielectrode Capacitance Sensors for Electrical Tomography N. Reinecke and D. Mewes

739

Mass Flux Measurements with Phase Doppler Anemometry F. Schone, C. Tropea, T.H. Xu and P. Haugen

751

Measurement of Bubble Frequency, Vapour Mass Frequency and Macrolayer Thickness by Probe Method A.K. Rajvanshi

759

Particle/Bubble/Droplet

Motion and Dynamics

The Influence of Shear on the Fluctuating Velocity of Discrete Particles Moving in a Turbulent Gas Flow L. Hajji, Ph. Pascal and B. Oesterle

767

Experiment and Modelling Study on Formation Damage Caused by Produced Oily Water Re-injection N.S. Zhang and A.C. Todd

773