Twelfth International Diatom Symposium

Developments in Hydrobiology 90

Series editor

H. J. Dumont

Twelfth International Diatom Symposium Proceedings of the Twelfth International Diatom Symposium, Renesse, The Netherlands, 30 August- 5 September 1992

Edited for the International Society for Diatom Research by

Herman van Dam Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, vols 269/270 (1993)

Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Diatom Symposiu~ Twelfth International Diatom Symposium : proceedings of the Twelfth International Diatom Symposium, Renesse, The Netherlands, 30 August-5 September 1992 1 edited for the International Society for Diatom Research by Herman van Dam. p. em. -- "Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, vols. 269/270. Inc 1udes index. ISBN 978-90-481-4324-5 ISBN 978-94-017-3622-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3622-0

1. Diatoms--Congresses. I. Dam, Herman van. II. International Society for Diatom Research. III. Hydrobiologia. IV. Title. V. Series: Developments in hydrobiology ; 90. OK569.D54I56 1992 589.4'81--dc20 93-.10682

ISBN 978-90-481-4324-5

Front cover design: Martin Soesbergen

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

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Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IX

List of referees

XI

Invited address History of diatom research in The Netherlands and Flanders by H. de Wolf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Life cycle and systematics Patterns of sexual reproduction in diatoms by D. G. Mann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hustedt's study of the diatom species Tetracyclus ellipticus: why history is not just a chronicle of events by D. M. Williams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater gomphonemoid diatom phylogeny: preliminary results by J.P. Kociolek & E. F. Stoermer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Morphological variability of the diatom Cyclotella atomus Hustedt var. atom us and C. atom us var. gracilis var. nov. by S. I. Genkal & K. T. Kiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Morphology and taxonomy of Cyclotella tasmanica spec. nov., a newly described diatom from Tasmanian lakes by E. Y. Haworth & P. A. Tyler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Morphology and ultrastructure of teratological forms of the diatoms Stephanodiscus niagarae and S. parvus (Bacillariophyceae) from Hamilton Harbour (Lake Ontario, Canada) by Jing-Rong Yang & H. C. Duthie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Morphological variation in populations of the diatom Asterionella ralfsii W. Smith from Nova Scotia, Canada by S. H. Mcintyre & H. C. Duthie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observations on Cymbella mexicana (Ehren b.) Cleve var. mexicana (Bacillariophyceae) with special reference to the band structure by K. Terao, S. Mayama & H. Kobayasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amphora margalefii Tomas var. lacustris P. Sanchez var. nova, a new brackish water diatom by P.M. Sanchez-Castillo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cymbellonitzschia diluviana Hustedt (Bacillariophyceae): Habitat and auxosporulation by D.H. Jewson & S. Lowry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surirella sparsipunctata H ustedt and S. sparsipunctata var. laevis H ustedt (B acillariophyceae), a light and electron microscopical study by C. Cocquyt & W. Vyverman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

11

21 31

39

49

57

67

75 81 87

97

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Marine diatoms, climatic change Eucampia Index as an indicator of the Late Pleistocene oscillations of the winter sea-ice extent at

the ODP Leg 119 Site 745B at the Kerguelen Plateau by I. Kaczmarska, N. E. Barbrick, J. M. Ehrman & G. P. Cant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Diatoms in surface sediments of the Indonesian Archipelago and their relation to hydrography by J. M. van Iperen, A. J. van Bennekom & T. C. E. van Weering.................... 113 Diatoms in recent Atlantic (20 o S to 70 oN latitude) sediments: abundance patterns and what they mean by H. Schrader, I. Lindstrom Swanberg, L. H. Burckle & L. Gr0nlien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Diatom-inferred productivity changes in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific: The Quaternary record of ODP Leg 111, Site 677 by H. Schrader, N. Swanberg, A. K. Lycke, M. Paetzel, Tim Schrader & Thies Schrader 137 Actinoptychus splendens ( Shadbolt) Ralfs (B acillariophyceae): a biostratigraphic marker for the later part of the Holocene coastal deposits along the southern North Sea by H. de Wolf & L. Denys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Evolution of the Pretoria Saltpan - a diatom record spanning a full glacial-interglacial cycle by S. E. Metcalfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Diatoms and their preservation in the sediments of Lake Neuchatel (Switzerland) as evidence of past hydrological changes by F. Straub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Development of diatom-based salinity models for paleoclimatic research from lakes in British Columbia (Canada) by B. F. Cumming & J.P. Smol ................................................. 179 Toxic diatoms Toxic diatoms in western Washington waters (U.S. west coast) by R. A. Horner & J. R. Postel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Growth characteristics of the diatoms Pseudonitzschia pungens and P. fraudulenta exposed to ultraviolet radiation by P. E. Hargraves, J. Zhang, R. Wang & Y. Shimizu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Comparison of two domoic acid-producing diatoms: a review by M. C. Villac, D. L. Roelke, T. A. Villareal & G. A. Fryxell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Brackish water Diatom bloom in the tidal freshwater zone of a turbid and shallow estuary, Rupert Bay (James Bay, Canada) by M. A. de Seve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diatoms in surface sediments of the Gotland Basin in the Baltic Sea by T. Gronlund ................................................. .............. Diatom assemblages in superficial sediments from the Gulf of Riga, eastern Baltic Sea by M. Sakson & U. Miller ................................................. .... A comparison of phytoplankton assemblages in the Chesapeake and Delaware estuaries (U.S.A.), with emphasis on diatoms by H. G. Marshall & R. W. Alden ...............................................

225 235 243

251

vii Spatial and temporal variation in community composition and photosynthetic characteristics of phytoplankton in the upper Westerschelde estuary (Belgium, SW Netherlands) by J. W. Rijstenbil, C. Bakker, R. H. Jackson, A. G. A. Merks & P.R. M. de Visscher . . Short-term fluctuations in benthic diatom numbers on an intertidal sandflat in the Westerschelde estuary (Zeeland, The Netherlands) by K. Sabbe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diatoms as a tool for reconstructing sedimentary environments in coastal wetlands; methodological aspects by P. C. Vos & H. de Wolf ..................................................... Reconstruction of sedimentary environments in Holocene coastal deposits of the southwest Netherlands; the Poortvliet boring, a case study of palaeoenvironmental diatom research by P. C. Vos & H. de Wolf ..................................................... Running water Colonization processes of diatoms on artificial substrates in the River Danube near Budapest (Hungary) by E. Acs & K. T. Kiss ........................................................ Winter blooms of centric diatoms in the River Danube and in its side-arms near Budapest (Hungary) by K. T. Kiss & S. I. Genkal ................................................... Diatom communities in the Vanishing and Ornithologist Creek (King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica) by B. Kawecka & M. Olech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diatom communities of acidic mountain streams in Poland by J. Kwandrans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The assessment of water quality in the Artois-Picardie water basin (France) by the use of diatom indices by J. Prygiel & M. Coste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perspectives for the use of diatom assemblages in the water management policy of Overijssel (The Netherlands) by J. H. ten Cate, R. Maasdam & R. M. M. Roijackers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lakes The recent palaeolimnology of Lake Nicholls, Mount Field National Park, Tasmania by N. G. Cameron, P. A. Tyler, N. L. Rose, S. Hutchinson & P. G. Appleby . . . . . . . . . . The influence of catchment size on lake trophic status during the hemlock decline and recovery (4800 to 3500 BP) in southern Ontario lakes by R.I. Hall & 1. P. Smol ..................................................... Diatom assemblages and their relationship to environmental variables in lakes from the boreal forest-tundra ecotone near Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada by R. Pienitz & J.P. Smol ..................................................... Changes in diatom assemblages in the profunda! sediments of two large oligohumic lakes in eastern Finland by M. Ollikainen, H. Simola & R. Niinioja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eutrophication and recovery of Lake Vesijarvi (south Finland): Diatom frustules in varved sediments over a 30-year period by M. Liukkonen, T. Kairesalo & J. Keto ........................................

263 275

285

297

307

317

327 335

343 351

361

371

391 405

415

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The use of diatoms in monitoring the development of created wetlands at a sandmining site in Western Australia by J. John ................................................................... 427 Diatoms on herbarium macrophytes as indicators for water quality by H. van Dam & A. Mertens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Experimental ecology Freshwater diatom ecology: developing an experimental approach as an aid to interpreting field data by E. J. Cox ................................................................. Effects of nutrient (N, P, C) enrichment upon the littoral diatom community of an oligotrophic high-mountain lake by P. Niederhauser & F. Schanz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diatom ecology in the phyllosphere of the common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) by L. G. Goldsborough ........................................................ Diatom preservation: experiments and observations on dissolution and breakage in modern and fossil material by R. J. Flower ...............................................................

447

453 463

473

Research tools Weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS): an improved method for reconstructing environmental variables from species assemblages by C. J. F. ter Braak & S. Juggins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 A taxonomic database and linked iconograph for diatoms by S. J. M. Droop, P. A. Sims, D. G. Mann & R. J. Pankhurst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 'Omnidia': software for taxonomy, calculation of diatom indices and inventories management by C. Lecointe, M. Coste & J. Prygiel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 Workshops Generic names in current use in the diatoms: report on a workshop by P. Compere ............................................................... 515 'Linnaeus' and beyond: workshop report on multimedia tools for the identification and database storage of biodiversity by K. Estep, R. Sluys & E. E. Syvertsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 Toxic diatoms: report on a workshop by R. A. Horner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 Index

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Hydrobiologia 269/270, 1993. H. van Dam (ed.). Twelfth International Diatom Symposium.

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Preface

The Twelfth International Diatom Symposium, held at the hotel 'De Zeeuwse Stromen' in Renesse (The Netherlands), 30 August-S September 1992, was arranged by the Nederlands-Vlaamse Kring van Diatomisten (Netherlands-Flemish Circle of Diatomists). The nearly 160 scientists from 25 countries who attended presented 37 lectures and 92 posters. Three workshops were also organized. Most diatomists in The Netherlands are working in the field of applied diatom ecology on problems such as drinking water supply, water pollution abatement, water quality surveys, nature conservation and geology. Therefore, the organizing committee tried to stress in the symposium program how diatoms can be used to assess the human impact on natural waters, without neglecting other important fields of research. As the frustules of many diatom species are relatively resistant to dissolution, they are preserved in freshwater and marine sediments and provide a record of past environments on earth. In past decades they have been successfully used to reconstruct changes in water bodies evoked by changes in salinity, acidification, and eutrophication. In the last few years diatom-inferred predictions of environmental variables have become much more quantitative. In the most recent research reports the strong separation between palaeolimnological and neolimnological diatom research is fading, as palaeolimnologist are increasingly using modern calibration sets to infer past states of the environment. This quantitative approach is also very suitable for prediction of future changes in the biota of surface waters. Also, ecological changes due to climatic modification have been investigated more thoroughly recently. A very important new research topic is the occurrence of toxic diatoms, particularly along the coasts of North-America. The continuing development of computer software for storage, retrieval and processing oflarge amounts of data contributes to the application of fundamental diatom research results in the every day practice of applied water research and management. These Proceedings are intended to be a balanced view of such modern developments in diatom research. They should also be of interest to non-specialists in diatoms, who can use the results of diatom research as a tool in a more general taxonomic, ecological and geological context. I am much indebted to the many referees, particularly the session chairpersons, who made fast publication of these Proceedings possible. Most of them adhered tightly to the deadlines. Each manuscript was sent to at least two referees, one of them a native English speaker, for linguistic improvements. Ideally, one of the referees was an expert on the specific topic of the paper and the other a generalist from another continent. Gert van Ee assisted in composing the index. The reception, held by the Board of the Province of Zeeland in their mediaeval seat at Middelburg, the excursions at the island of Schouwen (by bike), to the Oosterschelde storm surge barrier (by boat), to Amsterdam (by bus) also facilitated mutual contacts between the participants. The post-symposium tour to several research areas, nature reserves, and typically Dutch towns and scenic sites contributed to the understanding of problems of nature conservation and the environment in The Netherlands. According to many of the participants, the Renesse meeting was intellectually stimulating. It owes its success to my co-members of the Local Organizing Committee: Hein de Wolf, Peter Vos, Gert van Ee and other voluntary helpers: Adrienne Mertens, Wilma van de Weiden, Jos Sinkeldam and Aukje ten Winkel. The fine technical organization by Floor Heinis, Martine van Nugteren, and Martin Soesbergen (AquaSense B.V.) contributed greatly to the pleasant atmosphere which prevailed at the symposium.

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The symposium was supported by the Province of Zeeland, the Community of W esterschouwen, the Geological Survey of The Netherlands, the DLO-Institute for Forestry and Nature Research, Carl Zeiss B.V., and the Co-operatieve Vereniging Suikerunie. The Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences gave security for the payments. At the general meeting of the International Society for Diatom Research in Renesse it was decided that the next International Diatom Symposium will take place in Sorrento (Italy) from 1 to 7 September 1994. May 27, 1993

HERMAN VAN DAM

DLO-Institute for Forestry and Nature Research, Department of Aquatic Ecology Wageningen, The Netherlands

Hvdrobiologia 269/270, 1993. H. van Dam (ed.), Tweljih International Diatom Symposium.

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List of referees Referees who were also chairpersons of the sessions have been marked with an asterisk.

*ANDERSON N.J., Geological Survey of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark BARRON J. A., U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, U.S.A. BATTARBEE R. W., Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London, U.K. BIRKS H. J. B., Botanical Institute, University of Bergen, Norway BRADBURY J.P., U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. BRUGAM R. B., Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois, U.S.A. BuRCKLE L. H., Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, New York, U.S.A. CADEE G. C., Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands CATTANEO A., Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada *CHARLES D. F., Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. *CoMPERE P., Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Meise, Belgium CoSTE M., Cemagref Bordeaux, Cestas, France *Cox E., Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, London, U.K. *CRAWFORD R., Alfred-Wegener-Institut fiir Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany *DouGLAS M. S. V., Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada DROOP S. J. M., Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, U.K. DUTHIE H. C., Department of Biology, University ofWaterloo, Ontario, Canada *EcoNOMOU-AMILLIE A., Department of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Greece EDGAR R. K., Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, U.S.A. FRITZ S.C., Limnological Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A. GASSE F., Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Geochimie Isotopique, Universite de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France *HAKANSSON H., Laboratory of Quaternary Biology, University of Lund, Sweden HALLEGRAEFF G. M., Department of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

*HARGRAVES P. E., Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, U.S.A. HAWORTH E. Y., Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Ambleside, U.K. HoRNER R., School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. JEWSON D. H., Freshwater Laboratory, University of Ulster, Ballyronan, U.K. *JoHN J., School of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia *JoNES V. J., Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London, U.K. JUGGINS S., Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London, U.K. HILL M. 0., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Huntingdon, U.K. KERSTING K., DLO-Institute for Forestry and Nature Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands KINGSTON J. C., Department of Environment and Lands, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada KociOLEK J.P., Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Geology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. KRAMMER K., Institut fiir OberfHichenanalyse, Meerbusch, Germany LANGE-BERTALOT H., Botanisches Institut, J. W. Goethe Universitat, Frankfurt am Main, Germany LEGENDRE P., Departement de Sciences Biologiques, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada *LESKINEN E., Department of Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden LowE R. L., Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, U.S.A. *MANN D., Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, U.K. MuR L. R., Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands MARSHALL H. G., Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A. *MEDLIN L., Alfred-Wegener-Institut flir Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany MERILAINEN J., Karelian Institute, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland PALM L. C., Instituut voor Geschiedenis der Natuurwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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PASSY S., Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, U.S.A. PICKETT-HEAPS J.D., Department of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia *PIENITZ R., Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada PRUD'HOMME VAN REINE W. F., Rijksherbarium, Rijksuniversiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands *REIMER C. W., Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. RENBERG 1., Department of Ecological Botany, University of Umea, Umea, Sweden RIJSTENBIL J., Centre for Estuarine and Coastal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Yerseke, The Netherlands *RouND F., Department of Botany, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. SABATER S., Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain SANCETTA C., Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, New York, U.S.A. *ScHRADER H., Department of Geology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway SERIEYSSOL K., The American University of Paris, Paris, France *SIMOLA H., Karelian Institute, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland SIMS P., Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, London, U.K.

SLUYS R., Expert-Center for Taxonomic Identification, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands *SMoL J. P., Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada *SNOEIJS P., Department of Ecological Botany, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden *STABELL B., Department of Geology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway STEVENSON R. J., Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A. *STOERMER E. F., Center for Great Lakes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. SULLIVAN M. J., Biology Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, U.S.A. *SUNDBACK K., Department of Marine Botany, University of Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden TER BRAAK C. J. F., DLO-Agricultural Mathematics Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands VAN DIJK G. M., National Institute for Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands VAN DoNK E., Department of Natural Conservation, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands WHITTON B. A., Department of Botany, University of Durham, Durham, U.K. WILLIAMS D. M., Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, London, U.K.