We are moving
The Tourism Balance of Payments: Developments in Austria
information
Methods and concepts Peter Laimer, Jürgen Weiß © Statistics Austria
www.statistik.at UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
Jürgen Weiß
1
Travel Balance of Payments International Concepts and Methodology
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria Jürgen Weiß
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
2
Definition International Tourism Receipts
International Tourism Receipts (credit): credit): …expenditure of international inbound visitors including their payments to national carriers for international transport, transport, including prepre-payments made for goods/services received in the destination country… country….
International Fare Receipts (Credit): …any payment made to carriers registered in the compiling country of sums owed by nonnon-resident visitors, visitors, whether or not travelling to that country... country...
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
Jürgen Weiß
3
Definition International Tourism Expenditure
International Tourism Expenditure (Debit): …expenditure of outbound visitors in other countries including their payments to foreign carriers for international transport… transport….
International Fare Expenditure (Debit): …any payment made to carriers registered abroad by any person resident in the compiling country... country...
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria Jürgen Weiß
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
4
What is included within TBoP?
Travel Balance of Payments (TBoP) Passenger Transportation
Travel
Personal
Business
Sea transport
Air transport
Other transport
Health-related expenditure
Expenditure by seasonal and border workers
Rail transport
Education-related expenditure
Other
Road transport
Inland waterway transport
Other
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
Jürgen Weiß
5
What is included within TBoP? Travel: ¾ Personal travel covers travellers going abroad for purposes other than business (e.g. for leisure activities such as holidays, participation in sports and other recreational and cultural activities, activities, visits with relatives and friends, pilgrimage, studies, studies, and healthhealthrelated purposes). purposes). ¾ Business travel covers travellers going abroad for all types of business activities (e.g. carrier crews stopping off or lying over, government employees on official travel), including seasonal and border workers. workers. Business travel refers to personal acquisitions of goods and services, but not the sales or purchases that the business travellers may conclude on behalf of the enterprises they represent. UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria Jürgen Weiß
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
6
What is included within TBoP? Passenger transportation: transportation: ¾ Transportation covers all kind of transportation (sea, air, and other including land, internal waterway, space) services that are performed performed by residents of one economy for those of another. ¾ Passenger transportation covers all services provided, between the compiling economy and abroad or between two foreign economies, in in the international transportation - of non), and non-residents by resident carriers (credit (credit), - that of residents by non). non-resident carriers (debit (debit).
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
Jürgen Weiß
7
Tourism Statistics versus TBoP concepts ¾ TBoPTBoP-definition related “Travel” Travel” is broader than that of the definition of tourism and the “visitor” visitor” in tourism statistics. ¾ TBoP considers students and medical patients as residents of their economy of origin, even if their length of stay is over one year. year. ¾ TBoP includes expenditure of seasonal and border workers under “Travel” Travel”. ¾ Tourism statistics reflects demanddemand-oriented flows, flows, but it does not show the actual monetary flows or payments. ¾ Considering package tours tourism statistics is showing demanddemandoriented information (e.g. by destination of the trip), which does does not coincide with the actual monetary flow to the country of production production of the package. UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria Jürgen Weiß
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
8
Travel Balance of Payments Developments in Austria
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
9
Jürgen Weiß
Starting point - in general ¾ Europe’ Europe’s BoPBoP-statistics faces new challenges according to the advent of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); ¾ TBoP is strongly affected by the introduction of the Euro; ¾ Hazard for BankBank-ReportingReporting-System ¾ New options for collection systems for Travel have to be considered: ¾ Frontier survey based systems - Household survey based systems - Hybrid systems - Credit card based systems - Exchange of data with partner countries and estimates
¾ Legal Basis ÆIMF BoP Manual 5th edition
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria Jürgen Weiß
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
10
Systems used in the European Union
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
Jürgen Weiß
11
Systems used in the European Union
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria Jürgen Weiß
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
12
Starting point – in Austria ¾ Contract between Statistics Austria and the Austrian Central Bank; ¾ Statistics Austria is responsible for the compilation of the following items of the BoP: BoP: - Current account, including goods and services (excl. financial sector) - Compensation of employees (excl. financial sector) - Current transfers (excl. financial sector)
¾ Capital and Financial account is done by the Austrian Central Bank Bank ¾ Starting: Starting: 1st quarter 2006 – 8 quarters finished so far ¾ Timing and submission of the data: data: 12 working days before the end of the following quarter, including revised data of the previous previous quarter; ¾ TBoP under Current Account “Services” Services”, comprising TransTransportation (passenger, freight, other) and Travel (business, personal). UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
Jürgen Weiß
13
Travel Balance of Payments The system used
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria Jürgen Weiß
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
14
Main data sources – TBoP (Credit) ¾ Hybrid System ¾Different data sources are used ¾Different approaches for the Credit and Debit side ¾Use of primary and secondary data sources as well as models ¾International cooperation (mirror statistics) ¾ Æasymmetries
¾ Main Challenge ¾The more variables defined and the more data sources used the bigger the danger of double counting or underestimation! underestimation!
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
Jürgen Weiß
15
Main data sources – TBoP (Credit) ¾ Accommodation statistics (nights, arrivals), estimation basis related expenditure of inbound overnight tourism; ¾ Tourism Monitor Austria (T(T-Mona), amount of expenditure of inbound overnight holidayholiday-tourists by country of origin; ¾ German study related its outbound samesame-day visitors to Austria ¾ Mirror statistics of partner countries related their outbound tourism to Austria; ¾ UNWTO), New Cronos UNWTO-data, European Travel Monitor (ETM (ETM), (Eurostat), Eurostat), visits of friends/relatives and business travel; ¾ Central Registration Register, Register, second homes; ¾ Wage Tax Statistics, Statistics, seasonal and border workers; ¾ University statistics, statistics, ErasmusErasmus-statistics, statistics, educationeducation-related expenditure; ¾ Private insurance information, health-related expenditure; information, health¾ “Fuel tourism” tourism” study. UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria Jürgen Weiß
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
16
Main data sources – TBoP (Credit) Credits - Data sources and their applications * Aggregate
Main source population
Main source expenditure
Supplementary sources
Health Related Travel
Accommodation statistics
T-Mona, CPI
Private insurance information
Education
Erasmus statistics, University Statistics, Mirror Data
Household Budget Survey
Erasmus statsitics
Personal Travel in paid accomodation
Accommodation Statistics, Mirror Data
T-Mona, CPI, Mirror Data
Personal travel with free accomodation
Accommodation Statistics, UNWTO Data; Mirror Data, European Travel Monitor, New Cronos, Fessel GfK
T-Mona, European travel Monitor, New Cronos
Second Homes
Central Population Register
Household Budget Survey
Seasonal and Border Workers
Wage Tax Statistics
Household Budget Survey
Business Travel
Accommodation Statistics, UNWTO Data; Mirror Data, European Travel Monitor, New Cronos, Fessel GfK
T-Mona, European Travel Monitor, Foreign Trade Statistics (Imports/Exports of Goods), New Cronos Estimates to illegal prostitution
Private day trips
DWIF, Mirror Data of neighbouring countries
DWIF, Mirror Data of neighbouring countries, T-Mona,
European Travel Monitor
Business day trips
DWIF, Mirror Data of neighbouring countries
DWIF, Mirror Data of neighbouring countries, T-Mona,
European Travel Monitor
Fuel Tourism/Transit
Estmation Model
Estmation Model
OEAMTC, ARBOE, "Fuel Tourism"Study TU Graz; Fuel Price Monitor
* General Source: information from credit card organisations UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
Jürgen Weiß
17
Main data sources – TBoP (Debit) ¾ Quarterly Household Surveys related outbound trips of the Austrians; ¾ Mirror statistics of partner countries related their inbound tourism from Austria (plausibility checks); ¾ Car Registration Statistics, Statistics, bought cars by Austrians abroad; ¾ Wage Tax Statistics, Statistics, Austrian seasonal and border workers abroad; ¾ ErasmusErasmus-statistics, statistics, educationeducation-related expenditure (students abroad); ¾ Social Security Statistics, Statistics, estimates based on Hungarian spa tourism (“toothtooth-tourism” tourism”), healthhealth-related expenditure; ¾ Branch information related the composition of packagepackage-tours. UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria Jürgen Weiß
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
18
Main data sources – TBoP (Debit) Debits - Data sources and their applications * Aggregate
Main source population
Main source expenditure
Supplementary sources
Health Related Travel
Quarterly Household Survey
Quarterly Household Survey
Project Healthregio, Estimates
Education
Erasmus Statistics
Household Budget Survey
Personal Travel
Quarterly Household Survey, Mirror Data
Quarterly Household Survey, Mirror Data
Seasonal and Border Workers
Income Tax Statistics
Household Budget Survey
Business Travel
Quarterly Household Survey, Mirror Data
Survey among service providers in the flight and travel industry, research project in coopertation with the university of economics Vienna, Car Registration Statistics, Estimates to illegal prostitution, Mirror Data
Survey among service providers in the flight and Quarterly Household Survey, Mirror travel industry, research project in coopertation with Data the university of economics Vienna, Mirror Data
* General Source: information from credit card organisations
UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
Jürgen Weiß
19
Problems Package tours: ¾ Disaggregation into three dimensions: 9 Identification of domestic and outbound components 9 Accordance of monetarymonetary-flow with travel destination 9 Share of components (i.e. hotel, transport) on whole package product product
Outbound (Debit): ¾ expenses for dental medical reasons and cosmetic surgeons; ¾ expenses of outbound samesame-day visitors; ¾ expenses related expensive but seldomly bought products (i.e. cars, cars, building materials); ¾ expenses related “illegal” illegal” products and activities (i.e. drugs, sexsextourism). UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria Jürgen Weiß
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
20
Peter Laimer phone: +43 1 71128 7849 fax: +43 1 4934300 e-Mail:
[email protected]
STATISTICS AUSTRIA Guglgasse 13 A-1110 Vienna
and
www.statistik.at Jürgen Weiß phone: +43 1 71128 7974 fax: +43 1 71128 8002 e-Mail:
[email protected] UNWTO Capacity Building Programme on Tourism Statistics 2008-2009 Workshop I, 1-4 April 2008, Vienna, Statistics Austria Jürgen Weiß
STATISTICS
AUSTRIA
21