TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
SUMMARY Ö TP Principle Pi i l Ö Physical Phenomena Ö TP Operation O ti Ö Design Ö References Ö Types and Principle Ö Retrofitting On Existing Transformers Ö Installation Examples
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
TP Principle
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DESIGN PRINCIPLE
The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR is a concept that can be applied to all transformers from 1 MVA. It will: ¾ Depressurize the transformer tank within milliseconds ¾ Prevent contact between air (oxygen) and the evacuated explosive gases ¾ Separate gases from oil ¾ Channel Ch l the h gases far f away from f the h transformer to a remote area ¾ Eliminate the explosive gases by injection of inert gas for security before repair to avoid bazooka effect in contact with air
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
MTP-A
) ) ) ) )
TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 1 MVA
1/ Pressure rises 2/ Rupture of the disk, depressurization, evacuation of the oilgases mixture 3/ Opening of the air isolation shutter
4/ Nitrogen injection 5/ Explosive E l i gas production is stopped
N2
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE TEST PHILOSOPHY OF THE TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR ¾ Tests are always made with electrical arcs inside the transformer oil in order to maximize the generated gas volume and the associated pressure peak amplitude ¾ Electrical arcs are always created at the maximum distance of the TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR Pressure Wave
TP
Core / Coil Assembly
Arc
Tank
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TP OPERATION TRANSFORMER SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST Test Number:
30
Date:
Test Reference:
30_T1C_140_83_VAC
Arc Current:
14,000 A
Arc Duration:
83 ms
Arc Location:
Opposite the TP close to the bottom
p TP Operation:
Under Vacuum
Camera Speed:
25 frames/second
07/12/2004
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANKS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE
TANK EXPLOSION PARAMETERS ¾ The tank internal static pressure causes the explosion ¾ The tank dynamic and static pressure is created by the gas produced during a short-circuit gas is produced p when all the energy gy of a short-circuit is ¾ The maximum volume of g transferred from an electric arc to the oil, then the pressure rises at a rate of several thousands bar/second and the tank explosion is violent ¾ For a winding short short-circuit circuit the energy is used to melt the copper or aluminum, aluminum a small volume of gas is generated and the static pressure rises slowly, eventually the tank would not explode
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Physical Phenomena
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Physical Phenomena Ö How the Electrical Arc is Generated Ö Pressure Peak Generated at the Time of the Electrical Arc Creation gy and Maximum Pressure Peak Ö Relation between Electrical Arc Energy Ö Dynamic Pressure Ö Comparison C between Dynamic and S Static Pressure Ö How Static Pressure is built up Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
How the Electric Arc is Generated
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR ARC IGNITION, 2500 A, FILMED WITH A HIGH-SPEED CAMERA (3000 FPS) 0 ms
: Start of applied current
3.66 ms : Bubble generation 4 ms
: Bubble volume = 9 cm3, 0.5 in.3
4 33 ms : Bubble 4.33 B bbl volume l = 60 cm3, 3.7 3 7 iin.3 4.66 ms : Bubble volume = 97 cm3, 5.9 in.3 5 ms
: Bubble volume = 190 cm3, 11.6 in.3
5.33 ms : Bubble volume = 299 cm3, 18.2 in.3 5.66 ms : Bubble volume = 399 cm3, 24.3 in.3 6 ms
: Bubble volume = 568 cm3, 34.7 in.3
6.33 ms : The electrical arc ignites and creates the first dynamic pressure peak of the shock wave p Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR The electrical arc creates a very violent physical phenomena with tank acceleration up to 400 g, g where g = 9 9.81 81 m/s² m/s², 30 ft/s2 • Gas bubbles appear on the arc path (1 to 2.3 m3, 35 to 80ft3) • Gas gets under pressure (from 100 bar/s to 5,000 bar/s, 14,500 psi/s to 72,500 psi/s) • The dynamic pressure peak rises up to 14 bar (200 psi) • Movie : Test Number:
3
Test Reference:
2002
Arc Current:
2,500 A
A Duration: Arc D ti
79 ms
Camera Speed:
3000 frames/second
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Pressure Peak Generated at the Time of the El t i l Arc Electrical A C Creation ti
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR THE OIL VAPORIZATION OCCURS IN THE FIRST MILLISECOND AND STABILIZES WHEN THE ELECTRICAL ARC IS SURROUNDED BY GAS
Arc
Evaporation Front E Expansion i
Energy Losses
ARC
HEAT EXCHANGE
TRANSFORMER MINERAL OIL
Arc
PRESSURE PEAK
GAS
HEAT EXCHANGE
MINERAL OIL
Direct Contact Arc / Liquid Oil
No Direct Contact Arc/Liquid Oil
Fast Vaporization
Slower Vaporization
Once the arc is surrounded by vapor, the arc energy then heats the gas up, changing the oil vapor into smaller molecules, converting the gas into plasma. Less and less energy is thus transferred to the oil for gas vaporization.
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR SATURATION OF GAS PRODUCTION DUE TO PLASMA AND GAS THERMAL SCREENS
El t i l Arc Electrical A
Plasma
P d Produced d Gas G
Mineral Oil
¾ The plasma and gas thermal screens do not allow the arc energy to generate gas after creation of the first pressure peak. gas heated at very y high g temperature p locally y ionized. ¾ Plasma is a g Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFOMER TANK UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE Geração de Gás X Energia Arco Gas Generation versusdo Energy 5,0 3
Volumed ofGás Gas(m3) (m ) Volume de
4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0
V - Gas Volume (m3)
1,5
E - Arc Energy (J)
1,0 0,5 0,0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Energia do Arco Arc Energy (MJ)(MJ)
For a 100 Mega Joule electrical arc inside the oil, the first Mega Joule creates 2.3m3, 80 ft3, of explosive gas. The other 99 Mega Joule add only 2m3, 70ft3. As a result, any electrical arc is very dangerous. Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DYNAMIC PRESSURE RECORDED BY A SENSOR CLOSE TO THE ELECTRICAL ARC Pressure versus Time 16,0
Pressurre (bar)
14,0 12,0 10,0 8,0
1 Mega Joule
6,0
99 Mega Joule
4,0
Electrical Arc
20 2,0 0,0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Time (milliseconds)
The first Mega Joule of the electrical arc creates 2.3m3 (80 ft3) which generates one pressure p p peak,, from 8 to 14bar ((116 to 203 p psi). ) This p pressure p peak travels inside the tank at the speed of 1,200m/s (3,940 ft/s). Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TANK ACCELERATION CREATED BY DYNAMIC PRESSURE The maximum acceleration peak is measured at the creation of electrical arc during the first millisecond, when the maximum volume of gas is created (2.3m3 for 1 MJ, 80ft3). As soon as the TP activates, the acceleration amplitude is reduced from 100 to 10g (g=9.81m/s2) Ignition of the electrical arc The highest transformer acceleration is reached at the time of the creation of the electrical arc, when the liquid is suddenly and sharply vaporized.
End of Pressure Peak (5 milliseconds)
Arc feeding
Figure: Tank Acceleration Profile, 400g (g (g=9.81m/s 9.81m/s2, 282ft/s2), Arc Duration = 83ms
During the CEPEL tests, for a transformer weight of 72 tons the acceleration reached more than 400g (g = 9.81 m/s2, 32.2ft/s2). Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Relation between Electrical Arc Energy and M i Maximum P Pressure P Peak k
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR RELATION BETWEEN ELECTRICAL ARC ENERGY AND MAXIMUM PRESSURE PEAK Tests have not shown a clear correlation between the pressure peak amplitude and the arc energy. For example results show that: - 100kJ can generate a peak of 10bar, 145 psi - 1,000kJ can generate a peak of 3bar, 43 psi Maximum Pressure Close to the Arc versus Arc Energy
During the CEPEL tests, transformer tanks withstood a dynamic pressure peak up to 13 bar (188 psi), more than 10 time the tank static withstand limit.
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR RELATION BETWEEN ELECTRICAL ARC ENERGY AND MAXIMUM DYNAMIC PRESSURE PEAK ¾ One Mega g Joule creates 2.3m3 ((80 ft3))of explosive p gas g ¾ 100 Mega Joule create only a total of 4.3m3 (150 ft3) of explosive gas ¾ The tests have not shown clear relation between electrical arc energy and maximum dynamic pressure peak 100kJ can generate a peak of 10bar, 145 psi 1 000kJ can generate a peak of 3bar, 1,000kJ 3bar 43 psi CONCLUSION ARC ENERGY AND TRANSFORMER POWER ARE NOT KEY PARAMETERS FOR TRANSFORMER TANK EXPLOSION PREVENTION
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Dynamic Pressure
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANFORMER TANKS UNDER INTERNAL DYNAMIC PRESSURE DYNAMIC PRESSURE DEFINITION
When considering milliseconds and high pressure gradients, transformer mineral oil is very compressible At the time of the creation of an electrical arc, a pressure peak appears in the vicinity of the arc This pressure peak travels inside the oil at the sound speed, this is called Dynamic Pressure The speed of a pressure peak in the oil is constant, approximately 4,000 feet/second, 1,200 meters/second A moving pressure peak is called a pressure wave
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DYNAMIC PRESSURE RECORDED BY A SENSOR LOCATED 12 METERS, 39 FEET, AWAY FROM THE ELECTRIC ARC Pressure versus Time
Pressure e (bar)
18 16 14
Speed 1200m/s
12 10 8 6
Reflexions on the tank structure
4 2 0 10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time (milliseconds)
The Dynamic Pressure Peak created at the time of the electrical arc creation travels at the speed of 1,200m/s ((4,000 ft/s). ) Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DYNAMIC PRESSURE BEHAVIOR DURING A LOW IMPEDANCE FAULT
•
The Dynamic Pressure is a very transient phenomenon that is spatially non-uniform
•
Pressure waves are acoustic P ti waves, which propagate throughout the tank at finite speed, the speed of sound in the oil (1,200 m/s, 3,937 ft/s)
•
Pressure at any location is influenced by the tank geometry
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Tank Inertia to Rupture Comparison Between Dynamic and Static Pressure
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANKS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE TANK RESISTANCE TO STATIC PRESSURE Transformer tanks can only withstand a low level of static pressure based on tank strength When pressure rises at a rate below 360 psi/s, 25 bar/s, the pressure is spatially uniform and oil is not compressible The normal pressure relief valve (PRV) prevents the tank from seeing a destructive level of static pressure The PRV operates to prevent a slow rise of static pressure from rupturing the tank
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TANK RESISTANCE TO DYNAMIC PRESSURE
Transformer tanks can withstand a much higher dynamic pressure than the tank maximum static pressure for a limited time because: - The tank welding and bolts have a long inertia to break - The pressure peak is traveling very fast, reducing the duration of the force seen by the tank components, such as bolts, etc. Key characteristics are tank inertia to rupture, pressure wave traveling distance and traveling time Tests have not shown clear relation between pressure peak and arc energy Therefore, arc energy and power rating (MVA) are important but not critical parameters
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANKS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE PRV AND TP COMPARISON TO STATIC AND DYNAMIC PRESSURE
The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR (TP) operates before tank wall inertia is overcome by the dynamic pressure and prevents tank rupture The PRV cannot respond to dynamic pressure because of: - Spring inertia: 5 milliseconds - The very small evacuation section at the beginning of the opening: 15% when PRV 50% opened - U turn for oil evacuation
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR PRV AND TP HAVE DIFFERENT OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS TO RESPOND TO DIFFERENT PHENOMENA Static Behavior
Dynamic Behavior
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Very slow phenomenon, rate of rise below 360 psi/s, 25 bar/s Pressure spatially uniform Low global static overpressure, < 14.5 psi, 1 bar Uniform mechanical stresses
Very transient phenomenon, rate of rise from 360 psi/s to 72,500 psi/s, 25 bar/s to 5,000 bar/s Pressure spatially non-uniform Very high local dynamic overpressure < 200 psi, 14 bar Local and moving g mechanical stresses
Strong forces applied on all walls leading to Very strong moving forces that tank can withstand because of inertia to break tank rupture Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
How the Static Pressure is Built up
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR HOW THE STATIC PRESSURE IS BUILT UP Simulation of Test n.º 31 of CEPEL: Maximum Current, 34,5kA g , 1034V Maximum Voltage, Arc Energy, 460 kJoule Arc Duration, 83 milliseconds Th The tank t k withstands ith t d a maximum i static pressure of 1.2 bar (17 psi) under atmospheric pressure For this test, pressure would stabilize at 6 bar (88 psi) above atmospheric pressure if not equipped with TP The fi Th figure shows h evolution l ti off internal dynamic pressure inside of transformer tank if not protected by the TP Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR HOW THE STATIC PRESSURE IS BUILT UP Simulation of Test n.º 31 of CEPEL: Maximum Current, 34,5kA g , 1034V Maximum Voltage, Arc Energy, 460 kJoule Arc Duration, 83 milliseconds Th The tank t k withstands ith t d a maximum i static t ti pressure off 1.2 bar (17 psi) under atmospheric pressure
The maximum tank static pressure is reached within 7 milliseconds and the tank withstands this pressure for a maximum of 57 milliseconds 57 milliseconds after short-circuit,, the average g static p pressure is 3 bar ((44 psi) above atmospheric pressure The tests have therefore demonstrated that the tank bolts and welds have an inertia to break higher than 50 milliseconds while the average static pressure increases from 1 to 3 bar (15 to 44 psi) above atmospheric pressure Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
TP Operation
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
TP Operation
Ö TP Reaction R ti to t Physical Ph i l Phenomena Ph Ö Depressurization Parameters when TP Operates Ö Very Fast Depressurization is the Key to Success Ö TP Tests T t for f Very V Large L Transformers T f
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
TP Reaction to Physical Phenomena
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR Dielectric Oil Insulation Rupture Electric Arc Oil Vaporization Local Pressure Increase Pressure Wave Propagation Pressure Wave / Structure Interaction Transformer Tank Rupture Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR Dielectric Oil Insulation Rupture Electric Arc Oil Vaporization Local Pressure Increase Pressure Wave Propagation P Pressure W Wave / Structure St t Interaction I t ti
Tank Depressurization Tank Rupture Prevented
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR Pressure Wave / Structure Interaction
Depressurization Set Designed as Transformer Tank Structure Weakest Point in terms of Rupture Inertia to Dynamic Pressure Tank Depressurization
Very Fast Depressurization Set Opening p g ((less than 2 ms))
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OPERATION
Energy Evacuation During Entire Arcing Period (more ( than 100 ms)) Tank Rupture Prevented Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Depressurization Parameters when TP Operates p
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
MTP-A
) ) ) ) )
TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 1 MVA
1/ Pressure rises 2/ Rupture of the disk, depressurization, evacuation of the oilgases mixture 3/ Opening of the air isolation shutter
4/ Nitrogen injection 5/ Explosive E l i gas production is stopped
N2
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TP OPERATION TRANSFORMER SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST Test Number:
30
Date:
Test Reference:
30_T1C_140_83_VAC
Arc Current:
14000 A
Arc Duration:
83 ms
Arc Location:
Opposite the TP close to the bottom
p TP Operation:
Under Vacuum
Camera Speed:
25 frames/second
07/12/2004
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR PRESSURE VARIATION DURING THE TP OPERATION Test Number: 32 Arc Current: 14,000 A Arc Duration: 83 ms Arc Location: at the tank cover in the TP vicinity (A) Under Atmospheric Pressure
Pressure Gradient 3 900 b 3,900 bar/s / (56,550 psi/s)
Pressure Peak 7.5 bar (109 psi)
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Very Fast Depressurization is the Key to Success
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DEPRESSURIZATION IS KEY TO SUCCESS
To create an evacuation opening before the dynamic pressure becomes uniform if static t ti pressure
During the CEPEL tests: • The transformer tank withstood dynamic pressure for 57 milliseconds for pressure peaks up to 14 bar (200 psi) and pressure gradients from 100 bar/s to 5,000 bar/s (14,500 psi/s to 75,000 psi/s) p is less than 2 milliseconds • TP inertia to open
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DEPRESSURIZATION IS KEY TO SUCCESS 8 INCHES DIAMETER TP FULLY CAPABLE OF DEPRESSURIZING IN WORST CASE (236 Ka POWER GENERATOR INERTIA FEED) • Publication TechCon 2001, Australia “Study Australia, Study and Design of Power Plant Transformer Explosions an Fire Prevention”
200 180 160 140 120
4 inches 6 inches 8 inches
100 80 60 40 20 0 0, 04 6 0, 04 7 0, 04 7 0, 04 7 0, 04 8 0, 04 8 0, 04 9 0, 04 9 0, 04 9 0, 05 0 0, 07 0 0, 09 0 0, 11 0 0, 13 0 0, 15 0 0, 17 0 0, 19 0 0, 21 0
Pressure (psi)
Pressure evolution versus time for 4, 6 and 8 inches Depressurization Chambers
Time (s)
• The generator inertia feeds the fault for one second with a 236 kA arc current • For the worst case studied (236kA), the pressure never increases for the steady TP operation ti when h the th Depressurization Set diameter is 200mm (8 inches)
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
TP Tests for Very Large Transformers
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DYNAMIC PRESSURE DURATION, DEPENDENT ON TRANSFORMER SIZE, NOT POWER (MVA) NOR ARC ENERGY (MJ)
CEPEL tests’ T3 transformer = 8.5m (28 ft) CEPEL tests’ T3 transformer = 8.5m (28ft)
Since the pressure wave propagates at a finite speed, the bigger the transformer dimension, the longer g the p propagation p g time to reach the TP Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TESTS SHOW TANK WITHSTANDS MUCH LONGER EXPOSURE TO PRESSURE WAVE THAN IT WOULD SEE IN TRANSFORMER NORMAL OPERATION
Air Volume Fraction
Gas Volume Fraction 0 10
-6
Wallis/Wood Mixture Sound Speed m/s ft/s 1200 4000 1195
3983
10-4
878
2926
10-3
395
1316
10-22
128
426
Wallis/Wood Mixture Sound Speed m/s
ft/s
0
1200
4000
10-6
1195
3983
10-4
878
2926
10-33
395
1316
10-2
128
426
During the CEPEL tests, aerated oil (approximately 1%) slowed the travel time of the dynamic pressure wave by a factor of 10 increasing the exposure of the tank to 57 milliseconds which the tank successfully withstood. Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR BEHAVIOR UNDER DYNAMIC PRESSURE
CEPEL TESTS CONCLUSION
• With normal,, non p polluted transformer oil,, during g 57 milliseconds,, the moving g pressure peak would have traveled more than 68 meters (223 feet) which is a much greater distance than the wave would have to travel in the largest transformer in service today
• Arc Energy and Power Rating are not the critical factors. Travel time and exposure to the dynamic y pressure wave are the critical factors p
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Design
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DESIGN, PATENT
The research performed by SERGI since 1995 resulted in 2 TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR international patents (1999 and 2005). The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR is protected in more than 100 countries.
All the TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR international patents were accepted without any objection.
P t t Patents: Europe n° 1166297 de 17/03/2000 Japan n° 2000-607234 de 17/03/2000 India n° IN/PCT/2001/925 de 07/09/2001 Mexico n° 224258 de 17/03/2000 Venezuela n° 588-00 de 22/03/2000 etc.
USA n° 6804092 de 17/12/2001 China n° ZL00805298.0 de 17/03/2000 Russia n° 2001128305 de 17/03/2000 Brazil n° 0009222-3 de 17/03/2000 South Africa n° 2001/7559 de 17/03/2000
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DESIGN PRINCIPLE
The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR is a concept that can be applied to all transformers from 1 MVA. It will: ¾ Depressurize the transformer tank within milliseconds ¾ Prevent contact between air (oxygen) and the evacuated explosive gases ¾ Separate gases from oil ¾ Channel Ch l the h gases far f away from f the h transformer to a remote area ¾ Eliminate the explosive gases by injection of inert gas, for security before repair, to avoid bazooka effect in contact with air
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DESIGN, RELIABILITY
The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR is a passive mechanical system, which can only be activated ti t d by b the th level l l off the th transformer t f t k internal tank i t l pressure reached h d during d i shorth t circuits.
The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR has therefore a very high reliability, as false activation is impossible.
On request, nitrogen can be injected manually to eliminate all actuators.
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DESIGN, MAINTENANCE
The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR has been designed to minimize all maintenance requirements, in order to reduce:
¾ Cost of maintenance ¾ Probability of Operation Malfunction ¾ Maintenance outage g
The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR maintenance can be performed during transformer regular shutdown for maintenance
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
TP References
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR REFERENCES
The first TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR was sold in 2000 in Italy
As of October 31, 2006: - 715 TRANSFORMER PROTECTORS have been sold - in the world, 79 companies from f 40 different ff countries have included the TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR in their Technical Specifications
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Types and Principle
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Types and Principle of TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR ¾ System Components ¾ Logic Diagram ¾ Types ¾ Options
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
System Components
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR MTPA COMPONENTS
7 2 6
4
1 3
5
1.
Depressurization Set
4.
Explosive Gas Elimination Pipe
2.
OLTC Depressurization Set
5.
Cabinet
3 3.
Oil Gas Separation Tank Oil-Gas
6 6.
Explosive Gases Evacuation
7.
Conservator Shutter
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR MTPA COMPONENTS
DEPRESSURIZATION SET PRINCIPLE ¾
All Depressurization Sets include a Rupture Disk to relieve overpressure and a Decompression Chamber to favor highspeed depressurization
¾
Their diameter is calculated individually for each transformer and On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) types
¾
In addition, addition transformer tank Depressurization Sets also include an Isolation Valve and an Expansion and Vibration Absorber
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR COMPONENTS T Transformer f Horizontal H i t l Depressurization D i ti Set S t 3
4
1
ELEMENTS:
5
2
6
1.
Isolation Valve Flange
2.
Isolation Valve
3 3.
Ab Absorber b
4.
Rupture Disk
5.
Decompression Chamber
6.
Support Plate
7.
Vibration Absorbers
7
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR COMPONENTS T Transformer f Vertical V ti l Depressurization D i ti Set S t ELEMENTS:
8
9 7 10
6 5
2
4
1 3
1.
Transformer Interface
2.
T-piece for adaptation
3.
Pressure Relief Valve
4.
Isolation Valve
5.
Absorber
6 6.
Rupture Disk
7.
Vibration Absorber
8.
Decompression Chamber
9.
Exhaust for Gases
10. Exhaust for Oil
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR COMPONENTS O Load On L d Tap T Changer Ch Depressurization D i ti Set S t
ELEMENTS: 2
1
1 1.
Rupture R t Di Disk k with ith integrated Burst Indicator
2.
Depressurization Chamber elbow
3.
Explosive Gas Elimination Pipe
3
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR COMPONENTS Oil Cable Box Depressurization Set
1
ELEMENTS ELEMENTS:
2
3
1.
Manual Isolation Valve
2 2.
Rupture R t Di Disk k with ith iintegrated t t d Burst B t Indicator
3.
Oil Drain Pipe
4 4.
Explosive E l i Gas G Elimination Eli i ti Injection I j ti Pipe
4
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR COMPONENTS Oil – Gas Separation Tank (OGST) PRINCIPLE: ¾ The OGST collects the depressurized oil and flammable gas mixture g
2 3 1
¾ Then it separates gases from oil, as the mixture is channeled through the Explosive Gas Evacuation Pipe (2) to a remote area ¾ One OGST can be used for several transformers, if they are not located far from each other
4
ELEMENTS: 1. No Return Valve 2.
Explosive gases evacuation to remote safe area
3 3.
Oil Drain Pipe from Depressurization Set
4.
Nitrogen Injection to the OGST
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR COMPONENTS Explosive Gas Elimination Set PRINCIPLE: ¾ Creates a safe environment inside the transformer, OLTC and OCB by injecting an strong nitrogen flow ¾ Explosive Gas Elimination Sets can come with multiple Nitrogen exhausts ¾ Each exhaust is designed to provide a different flow of Nitrogen and can be divided to enable multiple injection points
ELEMENTS: 1. 2. 3. 4 4.
Exhaust to Transformer main tank Exhaust to OLTC or OCB Exhaust to OGST In / Out of Service and Maintenance Lamps Quit
Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR COMPONENTS C t lB Control Box ¾
The Control Box is located in the control t l room
¾
It ensures the logic of the system
¾
It is connected to the transformer protections, t ti Fire Fi Detectors, D t t Isolation I l ti Valve, Conservator, Shutter, Rupture Disk and to the Cabinet
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR COMPONENTS C Conservator S Shutter Valve ¾
Should the transformer tank or any pipe rupture, a consequent flow of oilil will ill b be created t d
¾
Without a SERGI Conservator Shutter, the total conservator oil volume will be spilled, possibly fuelling the fire
¾
The SERGI Conservator Shutter is designed to close when an unusual oil flow is detected, detected preventing the Conservator from being drained
¾
The closing of the Shutter can be monitored
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Logic Diagram
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
72
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR LOGIC DIAGRAM
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
73
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Types
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
74
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TYPES
MTP-A
STP
: Vessel protection for transformers above 1 MVA
: Vessel protection for transformers from 1 to 5 MVA
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
MTP-A
TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 1 MVA
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 1 MVA
MTP-A Explosive Gases to a remote area Conservator Shutter
Transformer Rupture Disk
Buchholz
Isolation Valve
Decompression Chamber
OLTC Rupture Disk
Explosive Gas Elimination Pipes
Oil – Gas Separation T k Tank
Oil Drain Pipe from other Transformer
Nitrogen g Cylinder
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
MTP-A
) ) ) ) )
TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 1 MVA
1/ Pressure rises 2/ Rupture of the disk, depressurization, evacuation of the oilgases mixture 3/ Opening of the air isolation shutter
4/ Nitrogen injection 5/ Explosive E l i gases production is stopped
N2
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR CEPEL TEST VIDEOS TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OPERATION TRANSFORMER SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST Test Number:
28
Test Reference:
28_T1A_140_83_VAC
Arc Current:
14800 A
Arc Duration:
83 ms
Arc Location:
At the cover in the TP vicinity
TP Operation:
Under Vacuum
Camera Speed:
25 frames/second
Date:
06/12/2004
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR CEPEL TEST VIDEOS TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OPERATION 10 MVA TRANSFORMER TEST Test Number:
10
Date:
Test Reference:
10_T3C_75_83_VAC
A Current: Arc C t
7900 A
Arc Duration:
83 ms
Arc Location:
Opposite the TP close to the bottom
TP Operation:
Under vacuum
Camera Speed:
500 frames/second
24/11/2004
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR CEPEL TEST VIDEOS TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OPERATION 10 MVA TRANSFORMER TEST Test Number:
14
Date:
Test Reference:
14_T3C_75_83_ATM
A Current: Arc C t
7400 A
Arc Duration:
83 ms
Arc Location:
Opposite the TP close to the bottom
TP Operation:
Under vacuum
Camera Speed:
500 frames/second
26/11/2004
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR CEPEL TEST MOVIES DECOMPRESSION CHAMBER OPERATION 20 MVA TRANSFORMER TEST Date:
Test Number:
32
Test Reference:
32_T1A_140_83_ATM
Arc Current:
14 000 A
Arc Duration:
83 ms
Arc Location:
At the tank cover in the TP vicinity
TP Operation:
Under Atmospheric Pressure
Camera Speed:
1000 frames/second
07/12/2004
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR CEPEL TEST VIDEOS TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OPERATION TRANSFORMER SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST Test Number:
07
Date:
Test Reference:
07_T3C_75_25_VAC
Arc Current:
6900 A
Arc Duration:
25 ms
Arc Location:
Opposite the TP close to the bottom
TP Operation: O ti
U d vacuum Under
Camera Speed:
25 frames/second
23/11/2004
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
MTP-A
TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 1 MVA TO 1,000 MVA APPLICATIONS:
¾ Power plants and any industrial site whose production could be affected by the loss of a transformer ¾ All the transmission and distribution substations ¾ Industrial plants with high explosion risks risks, such as oil refineries, refineries offshore plants, mines y sensitive areas ¾ Environmentally ¾ Sites not equipped with firewalls and/or Oil Storage Pits. TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR can be the sole technique to secure existing installations in this case
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
MTP-A
TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 1 MVA TO 1,000 MVA CHARACTERISTICS:
¾ Every Depressurization Set has a Decompression Chamber
¾ The Explosive Oil-Gas mixture is evacuated to an Oil-Gases Separation Tank
¾ The explosive gases are channeled to a e ote a area ea remote ¾ The Oil-Gas Separation Set can be shared between several transformers when not located far from each other
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TYPES
MTP-A
STP
: Vessel p protection for transformers above 1 MVA
: Vessel protection for transformer from 1 to 5 MVA
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
86
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
STP
TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 1 TO 5 MVA B hi Bushing
Rupture p Disk Shock Absorber
Isolation Valve
Conservator Shutter Buchholz
Explosive Gas Elimination Pipe
Gas Evacuation Pipe to Safe Remote Area
Nitrogen Cylinder Oil-Gas Separation Tank
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
87
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
STP
) ) ) ) )
TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 1 TO 5 MVA
1/ Pressure rises 2/ Rupture p of the Disk and evacuation of oil-gas mixture 3/ Opening of the Non Return Valve 4/ Nitrogen Injection
N2
5/ Stop the explosive gas production
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR VIDEOS OF THE 2002 EDF TESTS FROM 03/06/2002 TO 18/06/2002
Test Number :
01
Test Conditions :
I=4.78 kA – 19.1 ms
Camera Speed p :
24 frames/second
Date:
03/06/2002
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR VIDEOS OF THE 2002 EDF TESTS FROM 03/06/2002 TO 18/06/2002
Test Number :
15
Test Conditions :
I=7.4 kA – 19.2 ms
Camera Speed p :
500 frames/second
Date:
12/06/2002
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
STP
TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 1 TO 5 MVA
DIFFERENCES WITH THE MTP : yp protects small transformers. This is why y the Oil-Gases ¾ The STP only Separation Tank is used as a Decompression Chamber
APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 1 TO 5 MVA : ¾ Residential and office buildings ¾ Underground substations ¾ Indoor and outdoor industrial plants g explosion risks with high ¾ Railway network power supply station ¾ Environmental E i t l sensitive iti areas Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
91
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Options
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OPTIONS
MTP A MTP-A
: Protection P t ti for f the th On O Load L d Tap T Changer Ch
MTP-B
: Protection for the Oil Cable Boxes
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
MTP-A
TRANSFORMER AND ON LOAD TAP CHANGER EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION
O e p Over pressure essu e diaphragms d ap ag s are a e frequently eque t y integrated teg ated to the cover
diaphragm 1 5 1 – cover diaphragm 2 – tap changer 3 – selector 4 – tap changer motor 5 – protection relay 6 – conservator oil
2
4
3
6
Unfortunately, no flange allows connecting the diaphragm to an oil passage During short-circuit, it results in a bazooka effect that propagates fire to the transformer and its environment
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
MTP-A
TRANSFORMER AND ON LOAD TAP CHANGER EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION
To channel the oil gush following an internal fault in the On Load Tap Changer, SERGI proposes p p a system y of depressurization, p , evacuation,, and cooling, g, all integrated g in the TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR : type MTP- A. Flange for the quick depressurization piping towards the TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR SERGI Rupture Disk with integrated Burst Indicator Flange for nitrogen injection ON LOAD TAP CHANGER
Cover with integrated flange to install SERGI Rupture Disk
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OPTIONS
MTP-A
: Protection for the On Load Tap Changer
MTP-B
: Protection for Cable Box
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
96
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
MTP-B
TRANSFOMER AND CABLE BOX EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION
I l ti Valve Isolation V l Oil Collecting Pipe
Rupture Disk with integrated Burst Indicator
To channel the oil gush following an internal a te a fault au t in tthe e Cab Cable e Box, o , SERGI proposes a system of depressurization, evacuation, and cooling, all integrated in the TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR : type MTP-B
Explosive Gas j Pipe p Elimination Injection Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
97
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Retrofitting on Existing Transformers
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
98
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR RETROFITTING ON EXISTING TRANSFORMERS The SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR is easily retrofitted without tank machining by using the existing interfaces DEPRESSURIZATION PIPING Cover and Side Manholes, Pressure Relief Valves and Existing Valves can be used for the adaptation of the Depressurization Set
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR RETROFITTING ON EXISTING TRANSFORMERS NITROGEN INJECTION PIPING Existing Valves for oil sampling and draining can be used to retrofit the nitrogen injection
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR RETROFITTING ON EXISTING TRANSFORMERS The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR can be retrofitted on the Transformer cover by using a vertical Depressurization Set
¾ The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR can be retrofitted on transformer cover by replacing the Pressure Relief Valve by a T-piece T piece and installing a Vertical Depressurization Set ¾ Anyy manhole available on the transformer can be used as a base for retrofitting of a Vertical or Horizontal Depressurization Set
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR RETROFITTING ON EXISTING TRANSFORMERS
Example of Power Plant GIS transformer leaving the tank top manholes available for the TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR installation
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
Installation Examples
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
103
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR INSTALLATION EXAMPLES RETROFIT
1
: Brazil, Itaipu Power Plant, Paraná
2
: USA, Helms Power Plant, PG&E
3
: France, Randens Power Plant, EDF
4
: Namibia, N ibi V Van E Eck kS Substation, b t ti N Nam P Power
5
: USA,, Barber Substation,, KCBPU
NEW
6
: Brazil, Assis Substation, São Paulo
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TP OVERVIEW
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
105
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DEPRESSURIZATION SET - TRANSFORMER
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
106
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR NITROGEN INJECTION - TRANSFORMER
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
107
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR CONSERVATOR SHUTTER – TRANSFORMER
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
108
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DEPRESSURIZATION SET – CABLE BOX
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR INSTALLATION EXAMPLES
1
: Brazil, Itaipu Power Plant, Paraná
RETROFIT
2
: USA, Helms Power Plant, PG&E
3
: France, Randens Power Plant, EDF
4
: Namibia, N ibi V Van E Eck kS Substation, b t ti N Nam P Power
5
: USA, Barber Substation, KCBPU
6
: Brazil, Assis Substation, São Paulo
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
110
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR RETROFIT TP INSTALLATION
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
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TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DEPRESSURIZATION SET - TRANSFORMER
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
112
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR NITROGEN INJECTION - TRANSFORMER
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
113
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR CABINET
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
114
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OIL GAS SEPARATION TANK (OGST)
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
115
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OVERVIEW
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
116
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR INSTALLATION EXAMPLES
1
: Brazil, Itaipu Power Plant, Paraná
2
: USA, Helms Power Plant, PG&E
RETROFIT
3
: France, Randens Power Plant, EDF
4
: Namibia, N ibi V Van E Eck kS Substation, b t ti N Nam P Power
5
: USA,, Barber Substation,, KCBPU
6
: Brazil, Assis Substation, São Paulo
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
117
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OVERVEIW OF A UNDERGROUND INSTALLATION
Quit Reference: FdFRA39Adb06001a, 6/Nov/2006 Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
118
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DEPRESSURIZATION SET - TRANSFORMER
Quit Reference: FdFRA39Adb06001a, 6/Nov/2006 Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
119
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DEPRESSURIZATION SET FOR OIL CABLE BOX
Quit Reference: FdFRA39Adb06001a, 6/Nov/2006 Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
120
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR SERGI NITROGEN CABINET
Quit Reference: FdFRA39Adb06001a, 6/Nov/2006 Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
121
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OIL GAS SEPARATION TANK (OGST)
Quit Reference: FdFRA39Adb06001a, 6/Nov/2006 Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
122
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR LINEAR HEAT DETECTOR (LHD)
Quit Reference: FdFRA39Adb06001a, 6/Nov/2006 Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
123
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR INSTALLATION EXAMPLES
1
: Brazil, Itaipu Power Plant, Paraná
2
: USA, Helms Power Plant, PG&E
3
: France, F Randens R d P Power Pl Plant, t EDF
RETROFIT
4
: Namibia, N ibi V Van E Eck kS Substation, b t ti N Nam P Power
5
: USA,, Barber Substation,, KCBPU
6
: Brazil, Assis Substation, São Paulo
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
124
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DEPRESSURIZATION SET FOR 3 X OLTC
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
125
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DEPRESSURIZATION SET - TRANSFORMER
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
126
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR INSTALLATION EXAMPLES
1
: Brazil, Itaipu Power Plant, Paraná
2
: USA, Helms Power Plant, PG&E
3
: France, F Randens R d P Power Pl Plant, t EDF
4
: Namibia, Namibia Van Eck Substation Substation, Nam Power
RETROFIT
5
: USA,, Barber Substation,, KCBPU
6
: Brazil, Assis Substation, São Paulo
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
127
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
128
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR INSTALLATION EXAMPLES
1
: Brazil, Itaipu Power Plant, Paraná
2
: USA, Helms Power Plant, PG&E
3
: France, France Randens Power Plant Plant, EDF
4
: Namibia, Van Eck Substation, Nam Power
5
: USA, Barber Substation, KCBPU
NEW
6
: Brazil, Assis Substation, São Paulo
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
129
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OVERVIEW
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
130
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR CABINET
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
131
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR OLTC EQUIPPED WITH OIL FILTRATION UNIT
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
132
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR DEPRESSURIZATION SET
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
133
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER TANK RUPTURE PREVENTION
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION… ATTENTION
Quit Copyright © SERGI, reference FfTPhcA16a, dated 04/01/2007
134
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR SERGI HOLDING 186, Avenue du Général de Gaulle – P.O. Box 90 78260 Achères Achères, France
: (33) 1 39 22 48 40
@ : trading@sergi
[email protected] france com
¬ : (33) 1 39 22 11 11
web site : www.sergi-france.com
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