Tools for promoting environmental sustainability in Poland

Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences  Tools for promoting  environmental  sustainability in Poland  D.Sc. ...
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Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences 

Tools for promoting  environmental  sustainability in Poland  D.Sc. Joanna Kulczycka M.Sc. Eng. Łukasz Lelek

EU Policy ‐ environmental technologies and eco‐innovation  One of the key aspects of EU policy is continuously promoting the implementation and development of environment‐friendly technologies (ETAP, SCP/SIP, Eco‐Label, EMAS, IPPC, Energy‐ using Product Directive, GPP);  They play an important role in raising standards of living, as they can decrease material inputs, reduce energy consumption and emissions, recover valuable by‐products and minimize waste production;  They are considered as a strong driver to enhance the environmental performance and to create new business opportunities.

EU Funds ‐ environmental technologies in Poland The main programs helping improve the quality of the  environment in Poland and based on EU funds include:

Most of the investment projects implemented in 2007‐ 2013 have been co‐financed under these programs.

EU Funds ‐ environmental technologies in Poland In addition to these Programmes in Poland operate also:

Where Nearly one fourth of the budget (24.9%) is allocated for the  investment into the development of regions include investment for  improvement the environment quality.

Source: http://www.giwk.pl/infrastruktura/oczyszczalnia.html

National Funds ‐ environmental technologies in Poland  The National Fund of Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFEP&WM) was established in 1989 as a result of the regime transformation in Poland. Together with regional funds it is the pillar of the Polish system of financing environmental protection.  NFEP&WM runs its own financial management as it has been supplied, mainly, with the income from the fees and fines for the use of the environment, service and concession fees, fees following from the Environmet Protection Law.

Environmental effect  in Polish structural fund In general the ecological effect is a reduction of pollution quantity releases into the environment before and after the project started. Ecological effects are analyze in various areas of protection for regional and national programs:  atmosphere (air);  water (sewage treatment plants, sewage systems);  road infrastructure;  land (waste management).

Air protection Ecological effect for projects in the field of protection of the Air is expressed as the difference between emission in the initial levels and the final (after the task), in relation to the type of pollutants such as SO2, CO, NOX, etc.). n

E r   Et * K t t 1

Er – equivalent emission sources; t – number of different pollutants emitted from the evaluated source emission; Et – the actual emission of pollutants with index t; Kt – toxicity factor pollution of index t; it’s ratio permissible annual average concentrations of SO2 (eSO2) to limit the annual average concentration of a pollutant (et). Kt = eSO2/et

Land reclamation The calculation of ecological effect for land protection and reclamation is based only physical effect, and does not taken into account any environmental aspects. EE = P (Before ‐ After)  where: P (Before ‐ After) ‐ area of recovered degraded land [ha]

Water Reservoirs in Malopolska Region "Górka" and "Balaton„  – land reclamation

Waste management Municipal waste ‐ effect is estimated based on as a result of physical effect (e.g, reduction of municipal waste ton/year and spectail factor): E = ∑ O0 x w0 ‐ ∑ O1 x w1 O0 – the amount of waste of specific category subject to other disposal processes within the project [Mg/year]; O1 – the amount of waste of specific category after of other disposal processes within the project [Mg/year]; w0 – harmfulness ratio of waste before disposal, classified in accordance with Waste Catalogue; w1 – harmfulness ratio of waste after disposal, classified in accordance with Waste Catalogue;

Land protection – Waste  management The national project (Operational Program Infrastructure and Environment) environmental effect is calculated by the formula:

Oi – unit base rate fee for use of the environment and the impact factor; Z – amount of the reduced factor i in the first year after the investment; i – index of impact factor; n – number of impact factors included in the calculation; ZKK – analyzed investment expenditure; RKE – the annual operating costs of installation; ci ‐ correcting coefficient, adopt the following values : ci = 10 ‐ for hazardous waste, ci = 1 ‐ for other than hazardous waste and for water and energy savings.

IWM‐PL (1)  For promoting and implementing life cycle thinking in Poland IWP‐PL model was developed.  It is a tool designed to support decision‐ making process on investment related with municipal waste management systems at the design stage.  Developed on the basis of computer program IWM‐PL helps to evaluate different scenarios and all waste management systems using LCA (Life Cycle Assessment).

IWM‐PL (2)  The program is a combination of IWM‐2 model and Eco‐indicator 99 method. IWM‐2 was the basis for the analysis of environmental effects in the form of emissions to air and water, the Eco‐indicator 99 was used for modelling the environmental impact assessment in the impact and damage categories;  The final results are presented in the 6 impact categories as carcinogens, respiratory organic and inorganic, climate change, ecotoxicity, acidification/eutrophication. The ecological results are shown in the so‐ called. ecopoints (Pt);  Whereas economic results show the efficiency of financial investments and there are in accordance to methodology presented for European investment projects (Guide to Cost‐Benefit Analysis, 2008).

IWM‐PL (3)  IWM‐PL allows to model many municipal waste management scenarios using different technologies, such as sorting, composting, biogasification, the process of mechanical‐biological treatment, thermal treatment or landfill.

IWM‐PL – case study  Using IWM‐PL for environmental assessment of municipal waste incinerators in Warsaw.  Municipal Waste Incineration in Warsaw in addition to municipal waste disposal by thermal treatment plant leads processes related with waste segregation, recovery of recyclable materials, composting separated organic fraction, neutralization generated during the combustion process ash and slag, energy production.

IWM‐PL – results 

 Fig. 1. The results of the environmental analysis (air emission) for Municipal Waste Incineration in Warsaw in 6 impact categories .  Energy recovery from waste combustion process (at level 30%) makes the potential impact on the environment has negative values ‐ the benefit of the environment .This is because the "replace" a significant amount of energy (electricity, heat produced from conventional sources) in the grid by the energy recovered from waste combustion process, resulting in a reduction of emissions.

IWM‐PL – results (2) 

 Fig. 2. The results of the environmental analysis for Municipal Waste Incineration in Warsaw in 2 damage categories (Scenario I).  Whereas the results for landfilling (the same amount of waste) amounted about 283 000 Pt, therefore the environmental effect can be calculated as a difference between these two results.

Summary  Software IWM‐PL is the first available in the Polish language application that allows the use of LCA in this area.  IWM‐PL program is based on the IWM‐2 model, and the method Eco‐indicator 99 allows to presentation the results in impact and damage categories and also take into account the influence of the composition of waste.  The software is complemented by aspects of the economic efficiency of investment, allowing in easy and effective way to develop a model of the analyzed system, and then to determine its potential impact on the environment and economic viability.  Therefore, the software can be used, by local authorities and potential inverters for making investment decisions because the results are focusing on the key environmental and economical factors taking into account the life cycle of investment .

Thank you for your attention! 

Mineral & Energy Economy Research Institute of Polish Academy Sciences Joanna Kulczycka ‐ [email protected]  ul. Wybickiego 7,  31‐261 Kraków, Poland  Tel. (+48 12) 632 22 45 Fax. (+48 12) 632 22 45 

Polish Center of LCA,  e‐mail: [email protected] http://www.pclca.com

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