TITANIUM and Cu-Ni Properties & Characteristics Titanium’s Comparative Advantages
Regis Baldauff Market Director, T.I. Industrial 9855 – 1 Mining Drive Jacksonville, FL 32257
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PROPERTY
Titanium Grade 2 90-10 Cu-Ni 70-30 Cu-Ni KSI
MPa
KSI
MPa
KSI
MPa
Tensile Strength (min)
50
345
40
275
52
360
Yield Strength (min)
40
275
15
105
18
125
Yield Strength (max)
65
450
Elongation
20%
---
---
30%
15% Performance metal solutions.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PROPERTY
Titanium Grade 2
90-10 Cu-Ni
70-30 Cu-Ni
Elastic Modulus ( 106 psi )
16
18
22
Thermal Expansion Coeff. ( Micro in/in 0F)
4.8
9.5
9
Thermal Conductivity ( BTU/hr-ft2 0F/in)
150
348
204
Density ( lbs/in3 )
0.163
0.323
0.323
Hardness (HRB)
85
65
70
Thermal Expansion Coefficient for HY 80 Steel = approx. 6.0 Micro in/in 0F (less stress with titanium to steel connections)
CORROSION RESISTANCE • • • • • • • • •
General Crevice Pitting SCC Fatigue Galvanic MIC (Microbes) Erosion Weld (HAZ) S = Susceptible
Cu-Ni
Titanium
R/S S S S S S S S S
R/I R / I < 200 0F I I R I I R R/I
R = Resistant
I = Immune Performance metal solutions.
CONCERNS – Cu-Ni Erosion Reduced Water Flow - Limited to 6–12 ft/sec (Larger Size Pipe & Fittings for Cooling Water Volume)
Fire Lower Melting Point – 2065 0F – 2200 0F
Toxicity Chlorination Used for Cleaning Cu-Ni Systems is Toxic, Forming Cupric Chloride - Poisoning Port Waters (Limits the Ship’s Days in U.S. Ports & EPA Restrictions)
Weight
Life-Cycle Cost
Service Failures
Cu-Ni Requires System Replacements (Tear Down & Replacement Labor & Material Costs)
De-Salination Units in Mid & Far-East (High Maintenance or Fail / Corrode After Few Years)
Doubles (& More) for Pipe & Fittings’ Systems
Performance metal solutions.
SOLUTIONS - Titanium Highly Resistant to Erosion Water Velocity~20-100 ft/sec Allows Reduced Pipe Sizes & Reduces Weight
High Melting Point 1660 0C (3020 0F)
Non-Toxic I– Chlorination Has No Effect on Titanium. No Metal Carryover. Immune to Chlorides. High Velocity Water Flow – Option (w/o any Erosion)
Marine/Navy Lasts the Life of The Ship & More. Remove, Clean and Re-Use in Another Pipe System
Reduced Weight 57% to 72% Using Reduced Pipe Size. Both OD & Wall Factor In Weights. 50% From Density Alone (0.163 lbs/in3 vs. 0.323 lbs/in3)
Titanium Tubes Replace Cu-Ni in De-Salination Units
Performance metal solutions.
CORROSION RESISTANCE - TITANIUM Immune to: Seawater/Brackish & Polluted Waters Immune to: MIC (Microbiologically Induced/Influenced Corrosion) Fully Resistant: Crevice Corrosion< 80 0C (175 0F) SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking) Pitting Cavitation 50 Years of Trouble-Free Seawater Service in Chemical, Oil Refining & De-Salination Systems Titanium Replaced Cu-Ni in Off-Shore Firemain & Service Water Piping Systems Performance metal solutions.
EROSION RESISTANCE - TITANIUM Tenacious Stable (ceramic-like) Oxide Film Instantaneous Re-Healing Superior Resistance to: Abrasion Impingement Attack Erosion Erosion – Corrosion Turbulence Cavitation High Fluid Velocities: Seawater: 90 - 120 ft/sec Sand-Laden Seawater: 15 - 20+ ft/sec [ Cu-Ni – Seawater Velocity approx. 6 to 12 ft/sec ]
Performance metal solutions.
Ti Sch 10 - vs. - Cu-Ni Class 200 Weight of Pipe
Lbs / Ft 50.0 Ti Sch 10
40.0 30.0
Cu‐Ni Class 200
20.0 10.0 0.0 Pipe Size
5" Sch 10
6" Sch 10
8" Sch 10
10" Sch 10 12" Sch 10 14" Sch 10
Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM REDUCED PIPE SIZES - PIPE WEIGHTS Ti Sch 10, Cu-Ni Class 200 PT
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
3805
Lbs. Per 100 ft. of Pipe Ti Sch 10 Cu‐Ni Class 200
2405
1528 1058 391 152
583 249
323
534
771
1073
2"Ti 3"Cu‐ 3"Ti 4"Cu‐ 4"Ti 6"Cu‐ 6"Ti 8"Cu‐ 8"Ti 10"Cu‐ 10"Ti Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni 12"Cu‐Ni
Performance metal solutions.
WEIGHT COMPARISON - TITANIUM VS. COPPER - NICKEL BASIS :
TITANIUM [SCH 10]
vs.
CU-NI [CLASS 200]
Pipe Ti
OD Actual in
Ti WALL Nominal in
Pipe Cu-Ni
Cu-Ni WALL Nominal in
WEIGHT Gr. 2 Ti lbs/100 ft
WEIGHT Cu-Ni lbs/100 ft
2" Sch 10 3" Sch 10 4" Sch 10 6" Sch 10 8" Sch 10 10" Sch 10 12" Sch 10
2.375 3.500 4.500 6.625 8.625 10.750 12.750
0.109 0.120 0.120 0.134 0.148 0.165 0.180
2" Class 200 3" Class 200 4" class 200 6" Class 200 8" Class 200 10" Class 200 12" Class 200
0.083 0.095 0.109 0.134 0.148 0.187 0.250
152 249 323 534 771 1,073 1,390
229 391 583 1,058 1,528 2,405 3,805
PIPE WEIGHT REDUCTION lbs/100 ft % 77 142 260 524 757 1,332 2,415
34 36 45 50 50 55 63
Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM WEIGHT SAVINGS Titanium Pipe
Cu-Ni Pipe
Weight Saved
2” Sch 10
3” Class 200
61%
3” Sch 10
4” Class 200
57%
4” Sch 10
6” Class 200
69%
6” Sch 10
8” Class 200
65%
8” Sch 10
10” Class 200
68%
10” Sch 10
12” Class 200
72% Performance metal solutions.
SHOCK RESISTANCE - Sy/√Eρ/386 Sy √ E ρ 386
Yield Stress psi (actual)
(used 50,000 psi)
Square Root Modulus of Elasticity Density Constant
14.9 x 106 psi .163 lbs/in3 1/Sec2
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Ti Grade 9 [3 – 2.5]
0.95
Ti Grade 2
0.63
Inconel 625™
0.55
Monel 400
0.24
316 Stainless Steel
0.21
70-30 Cu-Ni
0.15
Performance metal solutions.
SHOCK RESISTANCE
[103 in/sec]
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
Ti Gr. 2 90/10 Cu-Ni 70/30 Cu-Ni 316 SS Monel 400 Inconel 625 Ti Gr. 9 Ti Gr2
90/10
70/30
316 SS
400
625
Ti Gr9 Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM VOLUME SAVINGS Titanium Pipe
Cu-Ni Pipe
Volume Saved
2” Sch 10
3” Class 200
54%
3” Sch 10
4” Class 200
40%
4” Sch 10
6” Class 200
54%
6” Sch 10
8” Class 200
41%
8” Sch 10
10” Class 200
36%
10” Sch 10
12” Class 200
29% Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM ADVANTAGES
Higher Mechanical Strength
Light Weight (Low Density) [Wgt. = 1/2 of Cu-Ni]
Thermal Expansion - Close to Steel [= Lower Stress at Connections]
High Shock Resistance - Over 4X Cu-Ni
Very High Erosion Resistance - High Hardness with a Ceramic-Like Stable Surface Oxide
Greater Water Flow Volume & Higher Velocities to 20X Cu-Ni
Compatible with Composites Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM ADVANTAGES •
Cont’d.
Fire Resistant -Ti Melting Point @ 1660 0C (3020 0F)
90-10 Cu-Ni = 1130 0C (2065 0F) 70-30 Cu-Ni = 1205 0C (2200 0F) • Corrosion Immunity – All Seawaters; MIC & Stagnant Waters; Wet Chlorine & No Pitting • Volume Compartment/Space Savings by Reducing Pipe OD Sizes = 29% to 54% • Life Cycle Cost Savings • Environmentally Friendly – No EPA Issues
Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM in SEAWATER SERVICE Firemain Systems Pipe, Flanges, Fittings, Pumps & Hydrants On Board Ship & Off-Shore Oil Rigs De-Salination: Piping for Reverse Osmosis & Multi Stage Flash Units Input Service Water Piping: Plant Heat Exchangers Condenser & Heat Exchanger Tubing: System Seawater Cooling - Nuclear & Fossil Utility Plants & Ships for Steam, Distillation, Refrigeration, A/C, Heaters & Coolers (Shell & Tube and Plate & Frame) Valves: Butterfly, Globe, Ball Sprinkler Systems & Nozzles
Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM in SEAWATER SERVICE cont..
Refineries: Condensing Salt Water from Crude
Navy Shipboard* & Off-Shore Rigs: Emergency Stop Switch Boxes (Weather Deck) Light Boxes (Weather Deck) HVAC – Air Vent Ducting (Under Insulation) H.E. Coolers – Lube Oil / Engine Jacket / Quench Water / Natural Gas / Seawater & Fresh Water Tanks
*On CG 47 (Cruiser); DDG 51(Destroyer); LHA-2; LPD-17, 18, 19, 20, 21; CVN (Carriers) & Subs
Performance metal solutions.
Conclusion
Titanium Advantages
Immune to Seawater
Maintenance Reduction
Increased Water Velocities
Weight Savings
Decreased Structural and Hanger Demand
Space Savings
Life Cycle Cost Savings
Compatible with Composites
High Scrap Value Upon Equipment/Plant Decommissioning
Performance metal solutions.
titanium.com Thank You
Regis Baldauff Market Director, T.I. Industrial 9855 – 1 Mining Drive Jacksonville, FL 32257
