[This is the back of the front page, when printed on both sides]

How to make a Book [This is the back of the front page, when printed on both sides] How to make a Book Legal Information How to make a Book Auth...
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How to make a Book

[This is the back of the front page, when printed on both sides]

How to make a Book

Legal Information How to make a Book Author:

Edition: ISBN: Printing house and location: Layout:

©Kurt Lundskov, www.lundskov.dk 2. edition (edited by ScandinavianBook) ScandinavianBook, Aarhus, Denmark Designed in Pages and with Helvetica

Content 7: 8: 9: 11: 14: 16: 17: 18: 19: 20: 24: 26:

A Bit About Book Printing The Book Format Page Setup The Book Pages Font and Lines Graphics and Photos ISBN - The Book’s Social Security Number PDF The Cover Front and Back The Format of the Book Cover Release, Pricing and Legal Deposit Literature and the Internet

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The book format

The book format

The book format Typically, when we write our documents, we write them in the paper-format A4. Although this format is rarely used if the book has got to be printed. At the printing houses, different paper-formats are used. When you’re choosing your book format, you’ve got to consider what kind of book it is that you are making. Is it a novel, a poem anthology, a family tree, a textbook or maybe an art book with a lot of different photographs in it? The format should be consistent with the content of the book. In the book trade you, among others, generally have these formats: • 115 x 185 mm (A-format for eg. cheap books) • 125 x 200 mm (B-format for eg. paperbacks) • 148 x 210 mm (A5-format) • 155 x 230 mm (D-format for eg. illustrated books) • 170 x 240 mm (B-format for eg. reference books) • 190 x 160 mm (F-format for eg. planche works) • 210 x 297 mm (A4-format) If you do not like to use the standard formats, or if you wish for big book formats, they are typically more expensive to make. Before getting started, it is recommended that you find out which book formats your printing house uses and recommends. At ScandinavianBook you get the best prices with our “Best Price” formats: • B-format: 125 x 200 mm, 80 g Munken Print Classic, 1,5 bulk • C-format: 140 x 215 mm, 80 g Munken Print Classic, 1,5 bulk • C-format: 140 x 215 mm, 100 8 Munken Print Cream, 1,5 bulk • C-format: 140 x 220 mm, 80 g Munken Print Classic, 1,5 bulk • C-format: 140 x 220 mm, 100 g Munken Print Cream, 1,5 bulk • A-format: 148 x 210 mm, 90 g White Offset Amber Preprint, 1,3 bulk • D-format: 155 x 230 mm, 80 g Munken Print Classic, 1,5 bulk • D-format: 155 x 230 mm, 90 g White Offset Amber Preprint, 1,3 bulk • A-format: 210 x 297 mm, 90 g White Offset Amber Preprint, 1,3 bulk

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Page Setup Setup Page

Page Setup You’ve got to start by setting up the pages, choosing a page format, making right and left pages, specifying margins, making a page header and footer and placing page numbers.

Inner margin Inner margin

Outer margin

Outer margin is the left margin on left pages and the right margin on right pages. Inner margin is the right margin on left pages, and the left Topmargin margin on right pages. In a standard format, an outer margin of 10 mm would be suitable, and an inner margin of 20 mm. With the inner margin, you’ve got to take into account that the lines have to be readable, when the book is open. Boom margin Top margin should always be smaller than the bottom margin. The size of the top margin will to some extent depend on whether or not you’ve got a page header (eg. the book’s title or page number). A top margin of 10-15 mm is suitable. Bottom margin can be 5-10 mm longer than the top margin.

Outer margin

Margin

Page number and title Page number The page number can be placed either in the page header at the top, or at the page footer at the bottom. The page numbers can be positioned in the center or on the left on left pages or on the right on right pages. 2

Title

Title

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Title, section If you want the book title on all of the pages, you’d normally place it in the center of the page header. If you want the book title in the page header, together with the page number, you do it like this: • left page: page number to the left - book title to the right • right page: page number to the right - book title to the left In OpenOffice.org, you can enter the book title in the document properties. Go to Files > Properties. The tab Description > Title. After you place the cursor in the page header, choose Insert > Fields > Other > the tab Document Information > Marks > Title.

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Page Setup

Page Setup

Instead of the book title, you can write the main sections names (header 1) in the page header - as in this instruction manual. In OpenOffice.org you can automatically have the main sections’ names in the page header. Place the cursor where you’d like to insert the main sections’ name. Go to Insert > Fields > Other. Choose the tab Document - Chapter. Select Format: “Chapter Name” and Level: “1”. Then all header 1’s will be inserted. Page count Be aware of that the book’s total page count no longer has to be divisible with 4. We print in single page, and therefore you can choose exactly the amount of pages you want to. And now we will cover book covers (binding).

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The Book Book Pages Pages The

The Book Pages A book consists of two things: the cover (the binding) and the book block (all of the text). We’ll talk about the cover later on in this instruction manual, p. 19. The book block is built by these pages: Page 1. The Title Page [Bogens titel] (right page always start a book on a right page) The book’s tle Page 2. Legal Information [Kolofon] (left page (page 1 - no page number) behind the title page) Page 3. Table of Contents [Indholdsfortegnelse] (right page) or foreword Page 4. Blank (left page) or continued Table of Contents The tle of the book + Page 5. The foreword (right page) the name of the Blank page Page 6. Blank (left page) or continued foreword (page 2 - no page publishing house number) (page 3 - no page Page 7. The main text number) At the end: Possibly a bibliography and possibly an index

The Title Page It’s normal that the first page in the book has the book’s title and nothing else. You would usually place the text in the middle of the page.

Legal Informaon (page 4 - no page number)

Table of Contents (page 5)

Legal Information Legal Information is placed on page no. 2. It can contain information regarding 1. The title of the book 2. The author/publisher and copyright 3. Edition 4. Release 5. ISBN number (more on ISBN on p. 17) 6. Printing location and house - this is required by law (at least in Denmark), if you’re putting your book in a store. 7. Possibly information in regards to photographs and fonts which have been used 8. You can also write about other books you’ve written.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam ut mauris ante, id porta odio. Curabitur accumsan purus et mi ullamcorper sit amet dignissim tortor iaculis. Curabitur lectus ante, fermentum eget fringilla sit amet, lobors nec eros. Donec rutrum risus eget adipiscing elit.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam ut mauris ante, id porta odio. Curabitur accumsan purus et mi ullamcorper sit amet dignissim tortor iaculis. Curabitur lectus ante, fermentum eget fringilla sit amet, lobors nec eros. Donec rutrum risus eget adipiscing elit.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam ut mauris ante, id porta odio. Curabitur accumsan purus et mi ullamcorper sit amet dignissim tortor iaculis. Curabitur lectus ante, fermentum eget fringilla sit amet, lobors nec eros. Donec rutrum risus eget adipiscing elit.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam ut mauris ante, id porta odio. Curabitur accumsan purus et mi ullamcorper sit amet dignissim tortor iaculis. Curabitur lectus ante, fermentum eget fringilla sit amet, lobors nec eros. Donec rutrum risus eget adipiscing elit.

Blank page (page 6)

Le page (page 8)

Main text start (page 7)

Right page (page 9)

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The Book Pages

The Book Pages

Legal information can look like this:

The book about books Author: © Average Joe Released by: Himself 1. edition, 2013 Cover and photo: Average Jill

Printing location and house: ScandinavianBook A/S, Århus ISBN: 978-87-552-3333-1

Table of Contents If it’s a textbook, it would be appropriate to have a table of contents, which has to start on the right on page 3 and eventually continue over on page 4. In OpenOffice.org you can make a Table of Contents here: Insert > Indexes and Listings > Index/Overview

Foreword If you’re going to have a foreword, you’d place it on the right on page 5, after the table of contents. If you do not have a table of contents, the foreword starts on page 3.

The Main Text Now, you’ve gotten to the pages where the main text can start. It should always start on a right page, page 5 or 7 depending on the aforementioned.

Bibliography If it’s a textbook, you can have a bibliography or an index at the end of the book. There are some standards in regards to how they are constructed. It is done alphabetically according to the authors’ last names. You write: Author name and after the author name you place a colon, then the title of the book is written in italic, then the publishing house, year of release, and if you’re citing an article you should as well have the name of your source, date and page count. Example of a bibliography:

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The Book Book Pages Pages The

Joe, Average: Book about books, Print Print, 1932 Peter, Smith: Pizza and It’s Origin, Pizzahouse, 2004 Frantz, Peterson: How to write a book, Article in Politiken 12.3.2009, page 5

Index If it’s a textbook, you can choose to have an index at the end of the book. An index should start on a right page. Here it would be practical to have 2 or 3 columns, depending on the format of the book. You can decide whether all the keywords should start capitalized, or if that only should apply to proper nouns.

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Font and Lines

Font and Lines

Font and Lines The Font To make sure that the book is going to be easy and comfortable to read, the choice of font and font size is important. It is a matter of taste whether or not you want to have a font that has serifs, like Times New Roman, or if you want a font that does not have serifs (sansserif) like Verdana. Although, you’d usually use fonts with serifs for books with a lot of text, where you’d use sans-serif fonts for books with less text/a lot of pictures. The size of the font should also be chosen in regards to which font has been chosen. Times New Roman: Arial:

This is written in size 12 This is written in size 12

Verdana:

This is written in size 12

Even if the font has the same size, it might be different from font to font:

Headers The choice of the number of headers depends on whether your book is a fiction book or a textbook. In a novel you usually only need one header per chapter. In a textbook, you may need 2-3 headers: the chapter header (header1), the section header (header2) for a main section, and the paragraph header (header3) for subdivision of a section under the main section. A chapter header (header1) should start on a new page, and it looks good if the header is always on a right page.

Chapter (header1) Main section (header2) Paragraph (header3)

The Lines Line spacing is important. A good bit of air between the lines makes it easier to read. A rule of thumb is: that the line spacing should be the font’s size plus 30%. If you use a font and its size is 10, then the line spacing should be 13. You can set this in OpenOffice.org under Format > Section and then set Line Spacing to Proportional 130%. If the distance is too small, the pages can seem too cramped. If the distance is too big, if can seem confusing.

Line Adjustment It is a matter of taste, as to whether you want a fixed trailing edge (equal right side) or a loose trailing edge (uneven right side). A fixed trailing edge looks best if you’ve got very

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Font and and Lines Lines Font long lines, because if you’ve got short lines you get the so-called “rivers”. Fixed trailing edge (equal right side): Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi cursus purus non gravida venenatis. Aliquam pretium lacinia mauris. Vestibulum facilisis, ante nec commodo faucibus, lacus diam porttitor velit, ac bibendum nulla metus in nunc. Sed gravida feugiat urna, a sagittis dolor volutpat vitae. Loose trailing edge (uneven right side): Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi cursus purus non gravida venenatis. Aliquam pretium lacinia mauris. Vestibulum facilisis, ante nec commodo faucibus, lacus diam porttitor velit, ac bibendum nulla metus in nunc. Sed gravida feugiat urna, a sagittis dolor volutpat vitae.

The length of the lines should not be more than 60 characters. If you’re making a wide textbook, you should consider whether or not the pages should be divided into columns. You should never use columns in fiction.

Indent In a printed book, it looks the best if you indent every new section. Typographically, usually every first section after a header is without an indent, while the rest of the sections does have an indent. This is what is done in this instruction manual. Although, you can choose to do blank line spacing between each section - but don’t do both, that is, don’t use both indent and blank line spacing.

Not like this In a printed book, it looks the best if you indent at every new section. Typographically speaking, usually every first section after a header is without an indent, while the rest of the sections does have an indent. This is what is done in this instruction manual. Although, you can choose to do blank line spacing between each section - but don’t do both, that is, don’t use both indent and blank line spacing.

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Graphics and Photos

Graphics and Photos

Graphics and Photos Photos for print have to be in a high resolution. Colored photos has to be at least 200 dpi (dots per inch), but optimally 300 dpi. In regards to line drawings without grey tones, that is, black and white photos, it has to be in a resolution of at least 600 dpi, but optimally 1200 dpi. Photos can be in the graphics-format JPG in the best quality, without compression, or in TIFF. Ask the publishing house which quality they recommend for photos, before you get started.

Cutting edge If you want the images all the way to the edge of the paper, the page format has to have a cutting edge of 3 mm at the bottom, at the top and at the outsides. This is easily done by increasing your left margin on the left pages by 3 3 mm, and the right margin on the right pages with 2 mm, and both right and left pages have their top margin and bottom margin increased by 3 3 mm each.

A cutting edge of 3 mm at the top, at the bottom and at the outer pages.

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The Book’s Social Scoial Security Number Number ISBN -- The

ISBN - The Book’s Social Security Number The Book’s Social Security Number It is not a requirement by law that publications published in Denmark have to have an ISBN. But, all books released in a bookshop should have an ISBN, and every book is only allowed to have one number. ISBN is an international system, which makes unique identifications of publications possible, by awarding a standard book number to each publication. These numbers are not allowed to ever be changed or reused for other publications. This means: one publication - one ISBN. ISBN means International Standard Book Number. There is a Danish ISBN office at Dansk BiblioteksCenter, which sells these numbers. You can, free of charge, have your own unique ISBN numbers for your books, sent to you at www.isbn.dk. Perhaps, the publishing house will give your book one of their ISBN numbers. Ask them. If you are making significant changes to the book, it has to have a new ISBN, also, if you are making changes to the title. Changes in the design of the front cover, the color choice or the price does not require a new ISBN. Smaller changes in a version (like fixing typos or printing errors) does not require a new ISBN either. An ISBN consists of 13 numbers, eg. ISBN 978-87-552-3333-1. The fourth and fifth digit is the country number (87 = Denmark). The next digit is the publishing number (552), so if you’re publishing this yourself, you will become “your own publishing house”, with your own number. The last digits (333-1) is the title number and a control digit. The ISBN number has to be at the front of the book, which would be in the Legal Information section as well as on the back of the book near the spine.

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PDF

PDF When you’re all done with your book, when it has been proofread, and everything is in place, you have to export a PDF document of the book, which can then be handed to the publishing house. PDF files have to be made in high quality. In Adobe Acrobat (from version 6) it can either be in the format PDF/X-3 (ISO standard for the exchange of graphic content), or by choosing Printing Quality when configuring the printing settings in Acrobat. If you choose to make a PDF file from OpenOffice.org, you have to do it like this File > Export as PDF. In the tab General, you select PDF/A-1a - it is possible that this PDFformat is going to be approved by the publishing house, but ask, just to be sure. JPEG compression is set to Quality: 100%, and do not check the Reduce Image Resolution setting.

PDF

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Cover Front Front and and Back Back Cover

Cover: Front and Back If you choose to make the cover of the book yourself - the binding - it has to be done separately, which means that you hand over two files to the publishing house: the book block (the text) and the cover. If you want to try to make the cover in OpenOffice.org (which, just for the sake of mentioning it, the program is not designed for), you should not use OpenOffice.org Writer, but instead OpenOffice.Org Draw. The following is an example as to how that would be done.

The Page Format The cover has to be made as one coherent file, where both the front, the back and the spine is one. The front and the back has to, as a starting point, have the same page format as your text pages. The spine’s width depends on how many pages the book has, as well as the quality of the paper being used. This information has to be given by the publishing house. In addition to this, the entire cover has to have a cutting edge of 3 mm, all the way around. In this area, you have to make sure that there is no text or image, because it will be cut away.

An example This is how a book cover could look: The book format is 140 mm x 220 mm. For the spine you need 12 mm. For the cutting edge, at the top, the bottom and the outer pages you need 3 mm. The book cover therefore needs a width of: 3 mm + 140 mm + 12 mm + 140 mm + 3 mm = 302 mm. The height has to be: 3 mm + 220 mm + 3 mm = 230 mm. You’ll find the example on the next page.

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The Format of The Book Cover

The Format of The Book Cover

The Format of the Book Cover Paperback Cover - Standard The cover is made as one document, where the back is to the left, the spine in the middle and the front to the right. Remember to add 3 mm for cutting (bleed) and remember that you can calculate the width of the spine on www.scandinavianbook.dk You’re allowed to place lines which indicate the width of the spine.

+3 mm

220 mm

ISBN 978-87-552-3333-1

Sådan laves en bog

+3 mm

Hans Hansen

This book describes how to make a book for print in the word processing program OpenOffice.org

Sådan laves en bog +3 mm

+3 mm 140 mm

12 mm

140 mm

Paperback Cover - Flap Cover The cover is made as a standard paperback cover (look above). In addition, there is the width of the flaps. The flaps are typically 80 mm or 100 mm. Remember propagation The propagation is 3 mm, which the front and back covers exceed in the actual book block. If you’re in doubt as to what propagation is, it would be a good idea to take a flap book down from the shelf and look at how it is made (or see the figure below)

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The Format Format of of The The Book Book Cover Cover The +3 mm

3 mm

ISBN 978-87-552-3333-1

220 mm

+3 mm

Sådan laves en bog

Flap - back

Hans Hansen

This book describes how to make a book for print in the word processing program OpenOffice.org

Sådan laves en bog

Flap - front 3 mm

+3 mm

+3 mm 80 mm

140 mm

12 mm

140 mm

80 mm

Like with standard paperback books, we want lines that indicate the width of the spine + lines that indicate where the cover has to bend. Please notice the bucks brand, because of propagation, it has to be placed 143 mm from the spine on both the front and the back. Example: 140 x 220 mm flap cover with 12 mm spine and 2 x flaps on each 80 mm. Width: 3 mm (cutting edge) + 80 mm (flap) + 3 mm (propagation) + 140 mm (width of the book block) + 12 mm (spine) + 140 mm (width of the book block) + 3 mm (propagation) + 80 mm (flap) + 3 mm (cutting edge) = 461 mm in width.

Hardcover If you’re in doubt as to how a hardcover is made, it might be a good idea to take one down from the shelf and look at it, while you’re reading this. Like with flap books, there is 3 mm of propagation on hardcover books. However, here it does not only apply to the width, but also to the height. This means, that the cover itself is 33 mm bigger than the book block is all the way around. In addition to this, there are 15 mm all the way around to the bend. The 15 mm is what is bending to the back of the cover. This means, that this is not visible on the cover’s front and back, but it is a good idea to let the graphic go all the way over to the bend, because this will give a smoother transition in the bend itself.

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The Format of The Book Cover

The Format of The Book Cover +3 mm +15 mm +3 mm

+15 mm ISBN 978-87-552-3333-1

220 mm

+3 mm

Sådan laves en bog

+3 mm

Hans Hansen

This book describes how to make a book for print in the word processing program OpenOffice.org

Sådan laves en bog

+3 mm +3 mm +15 mm

+3 mm +15 mm +3 mm 140 mm

10 mm

140 mm

16,5 mm

Setup of the spine on hardcover books The spine on a hardcover is a bit unique. You can calculate the width of the spine over on www.scandinavianbook.dk under the menu “rygbredde-beregner”. The width that you will end up with you’re going to have to add 2 x 2.25 mm more. The 2.25 mm is the thickness of the cover’s cardboard. This means, that if your back is, according to the calculator, 12 mm, it is in fact 16.5 mm. Example: 140 x 220 mm hardcover with 12 mm spine. Width: 3 mm (cutting edge) + 15 mm (bend) + 3 mm (propagation) + 140 mm (the width of the book block) + 2.25 mm (thickness of the cardboard) + 12 mm (the width of the spine) + 2.25 mm (thickness of the cardboard) + 140 mm (the format of the book block) + 3 mm (propagation) + 15 mm (bend) + 3 mm (cutting edge) = 338.5 mm in the width. Height: 3 mm (cutting edge) + 15 mm (bend) + 3 mm (propagation) + 220 mm (the height of the book block) + 3 mm (propagation) + 15 mm (bend) + 3 mm (cutting edge) = 262 mm in the height. Layout of Hardcover The downburn is the notch which a hardcover book has on both the front and the back, right before the spine. The downburn will typically go 8 mm into the front and back of the cover. It can often be a good idea to center your cover design after this downburn. In that way, it will be visually more centered, than if you center the entire page format. But, you’re going to have to decide that for yourself, as some designs look the most centered by centering it all.

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The Format Format of of The The Book Book Cover Cover The

Formering

Bend

Flyleaf

Book block

Chapiter’s band

Dirt tle page Flyleaf

Spine

Downburn

Title page

Binding cardboard

Coang

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Release, Pricing and Legal Deposit

Release, Pricing and Legal Deposit

Release, Pricing and Legal Deposit When you’re going to print your book, the pricing, of course, plays a significant role. Here are some of the things you’re going to have to pay attention to.

Edition The more books you print at once, the cheaper each book becomes. If you, for example, want to have 20 copies, they might only cost 20 USD per copy, that would be 400 USD in total. But, if you’re printing more than 25 copies, they might only cost 10 USD per copy, then it would be a good idea to make 30 copies instead, as it will be significantly cheaper: 300 USD in total.

Printing in color It’s going to cost more if you want color photos in your book. The price is calculated according to how many pages require a colored photo. Consider if it is necessary to have all of the photos printed in color. Perhaps you can have half of them in black and white instead.

Binding It’s a good deal more expensive to have your books printed in hardcover than paperback cover.

Shipping It costs extra to have the books shipped to your home from the publishing house, and, if there are many, the shipping might end up in the 20-50 dollar range that you then have to add to your price.

Release of the book Releasing your books can be problematic, especially if you have to sell them at a book store. Most publishing houses make sure that your book is sent to Legal Deposit, so that it is safely stored for posterity. Hereafter your book will be added to the book list, which is then sent out to all book stores and libraries. It is from this list that they order the books from you. It says on their website: “If you, as a publisher, are interested in spreading the knowledge of your publications, it is a good idea to, as quickly as possible, send in a new book when it is ready for sale or extradition - to Dansk Bogfortegnelse, Tempovej 722, 2750 Ballerup together with information in regards to pricing and expedition. A specific fiche for this matter can be downloaded at DBC’s website www.dbc.dk”

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Release, Pricing Pricing and and Legal Legal Deposit Deposit Release, When the orders start coming in, you have to pack the books and pay quite a high expenditure for shipping them to libraries and book stores.

The Royal Library - Legal Deposit All books and other works of print which are released in Denmark have to be sent in two copies to The Royal Library. You can read more about this on the website www.pligtaflevering.dk. Here you can order forms and return packing slips so that you can send your books for free to Legal Deposit. If the publishing house does not send copies of your book, you have to do it yourself. The Legal Deposit, amongst other things, writes on their website: “The works have to be delivered in 2 copies. The works only have to be delivered to one place, The Royal Library or the State Library. The receiving library pays the shipping expenses. Ask for return packing slips at [email protected] or [email protected]. Together with the submitted material, you have to put 2 lists of what is delivered. You have to have it delivered together every six months, but you can request to have a special deal with the receiving library, if that suits you better. Responsible for the delivery is the one who produces the final copy for release. If you are in any doubt as to who the producer is, the publisher has to make sure that the delivery happens - either by submitting the material themselves, or controlling that their technical supplier does it”.

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Literature and The Internet

Litterature and The Internet

Literature and The Internet The ISBN-office, Dansk Biblioteks Center: www.isbn.dk Jacobsen, Henrik Galberg; Jørgensen, Peter Bay: Håndbog i nudansk, Politiken 1993 Lundskov, Kurt; Bjerg, Lene; Tøibner, Jan; Wraa, Lise: Designguide 2004, Århus Kommune, 2004 Mourier, Mette og Eric: Bogdesign. Tilrettelægning af illustrerede bøger, Grafisk Litteratur 1999 Legal Deposit: www.pligtaflevering.dk Underskoven, Forlag: www.underskoven.dk

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