LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Thermal Treatment of
Wastes in Practice Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 1
Klaus Görner Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Environmental Process Engineering and Plant Design LUAT University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Course
Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste 30th January - 1st February 2008 Helsinki University of Technology
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagennlagen-Technik
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 2
Chair of Environmental Process Engineering and Plant Design
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
Surrounding Area
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 3
LUAT surrounding area
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
00
Networks University of Duisburg-Essen
Structure
00-01
more Details
00-02
Organisation and Topics
00-03
Projects
00-04
CC Coal and Power Plants
00-00
CC Biomass and Wastes
00-00
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Energy research Ruhr ef.Ruhr
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology
Competence Net Work Power Plant Technology NRW
00-00
Technology Transfer General
00-90
InPro-Consult
00-91
Other
00-00
30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 4
LUAT Pictures
00-09
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
Working Areas
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 5
Working Areas
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Power Plant Technology thermodynamic system analysis, carbon capture technologies
Combustion Technology Coal, Gas, Special fuels
Thermal Treatment of Biomass and Wastes Municipal wastes, Biomass, Special wastes
Gas cleaning Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 6
Dust removal, De-SOx, De-NOx, Removal of trace elements
Process Technology Particle generation, Calcination in cement industry, chemical processes
Plant Technology CFD-Simulation (FLUENT®) Process-Identification by Neural Nets (Process Insights®)
Environmental Management Mass and energy flow management (Umberto®) DIN ISO 14001
Power Plant Technology
01
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Power Plant Technology Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 7
Power Plant Technology
01
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 8
Power Plant Technology
Power Plant Technology
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
01
Power Plant System Analysis Thermodynamic Analysis ................................................
01-00
Cycle Analysis (Flow sheeting) ....................................................
01-02
Klaus Görner
Studies Power Plant Concepts (overview).........................................
01-50
Power Plant Concepts (RKW NRW – BOA) ...............................
01-51
Thermal Processes (Geothermal PP, ..) ..................................
01-52
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology
Carbon Capture and Storage Post-Combustion Carbon Capture .................................
01-10
Cycle Analysis (Flow sheeting) ....................................................
01-11
Modelling and Simulation Flame and Furnace Simulation (see Combustion Techn.) .......
02-00
Espoo, Finland
Simulation of Flue Gas Cleaning (see Gas Cleaning) .............
04-00
Folie 9
Slagging and Fouling .............................................................
01-60
30.01.-01.02.2008
Combustion Technology
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Combustion Technology Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 10
02
Combustion Technology
02
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology
Combustion
30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 11
Combustion Technology
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
02
Modelling and Simulation Mathematical Modelling (CFD) .......................................
00-20
Flow Model .......................................................................
00-00
Reaction Model ................................................................
00-21
Heat Transfer Model .......................................................
00-00
Simulation Studies Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 12
Natural Gas Combustion ................................................
02-01
CO Gas Combustion ........................................................
02-02
Special Waste Vombustion ............................................
02-07
Hard Coal Cpmbustion ...................................................
02-04
Brown Coal Combustion ................................................
02-05
Pre-dried Brown Coal Combustion ...............................
02-06
Petrol Char Combustion .................................................
02-09
TiCl4-Erhitzer ....................................................................
02-08
Gasification Technology
02
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Gasification Technology Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 13
Gasification Technology
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
02
Gasification
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland
Puertollano / Spain
Folie 14
300 MW IGCC-Demo-Plant Source: Siemens
Gasification Technology
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
02
Modelling and Simulation Mathematical Modelling (CFD) .......................................
00-10
Flow Model .......................................................................
00-00
Reaction Modell (Gasification Reactions) ............................
00-30
Heat Transfer Modell .......................................................
00-00
Technology Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
Coal Gasification .............................................................
02-50
Reaction Modelling .........................................................
02-51
Influence of Swirl .............................................................
02-52
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 15
Process Technology
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Process Technology Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 16
Process Technology - Spray Dryer
05
Process Technology
05
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 17
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Modelling and Simulation Calcinating – Process and Models
05-20
Spray Drying – Basics / Models
05-00
Chem. Reactor – Basics / Models
05-21
Applications
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 18
Calcinator in the Cement Industry
05-01
Spray Dryer in the Food Industry
05-02
Stirred Reactor in the Chem. Industry
05-07
Gas Cleaning
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Gas Cleaning Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 19
Gas Cleaning
04
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 20
ed an x i t e l c se ga
raw gas inlet
Gas Cleaning
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
04
Modelling and Simulation Mathematical Modellig (CFD)
00-20
Empirical Modelling
00-00
Klaus Görner
Applications
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland
Bag Filter
04-21
Cyclone
04-00
Experimental Rigs Determination of Pressure Losts
04-01
Electrical Resistance
04-02
Hot Gas Filtration
04-07
Experimental Results Bag Filter
04-04
Cyclone
04-05
Folie 21
Thermal Waste Treatment
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Thermal Waste Treatment Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 22
Thermal Waste Treatment
LUAT
03
Thermal Waste Treatment Plant
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 23
Thermal Waste Treatment - MVI Spittelau/Vienna/Austria
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 24
Waste throughput: 260.000 t/year Products: 40.000 MWh Electricity 500.000 MWh Heat 6.000 t Scrap iron metal 60.000 t Slag, ash, filter cakes
Thermal Waste Treatment - MVI Thurgau/Switzerland
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 25
Thermal Waste Treatment - MVI Thurgau/Switzerland
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 26
Thermal Waste Treatment
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology
03
Topics Legislation (EU)
03-100
State of the Art
03-200
Watercooled grate
03-210
Mathematical Modelling
00-300
Model Validation
00-310
Secondary Air Injection
03-400
Corrosion
03-500
Refractory Lining
03-600
Advanced Control
03-800
Decentralized Concepts
03-900
30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 27
Thermal Waste Treatment
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
03
Experimental Rigs Field Pipe Reactor
00-20
Micro-MWI
00-00
MARS® Plant
00-21
Real MWI
00-00
Experimental Results Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 28
Field Pipe Reactor
03-01
Micro-MWI
03-02
MARS® Plant
03-07
MARS® Plant (PowerGen)
03-04
Contact
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Klaus Görner Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Environmental Process Engineering and Plant Design LUAT Faculty of Engineering Science University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology
Leimkugelstraße 10 45141 Essen Germany tel.: ++49 201 183-7511 fax.: ++49 201 183-7513 e-mail: luat@uni-duisburg-essen http:// www.uni-due.de
30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 29
End
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
thank you for Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 30
your attention
Thermal Waste Treatment – Waste Management Legislation
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
Waste Management Legislation
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 1
Thermal Waste Treatment – EU-27 Countries
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 2
Thermal Waste Treatment – Waste Management Legislation
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Estimated mean composition of the municipal waste in the EU15 countries
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
paper 20% food + garden 37% Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
textile and others 21% metals glass 5% 7%
Helsinki University of Technology
plastics 10%
30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 3
Thermal Waste Treatment – Waste Management Legislation
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Amount of municipal waste in the EU15 countries
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
600
25000
500
20000
400
15000
300
10000
200
5000
100
0
0
Country
Espoo, Finland
Municipal waste [kton/y] Folie 4
Municipal waste [kg/cap y]
Municipal and household waste [kg/cap y]
Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
30000
Au s Be tria lg G ium er m D an en y m a Fi rk nl a Fr nd an G ce re ec e Irl an d Lu xe Ita m ly N bo et he urg rla Po nds rtu Sw g a ed l U en ni te d Sp Ki ain ng do m
Course
Municipal waste [k ton/y]
Klaus Görner
Thermal Waste Treatment – Waste Management Legislation
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Number of Municipal Waste Incineration Plants with energy recovery in the EU15 countries (1993)
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
country
numb.
capacity
country
numb.
[1000 Mg/y]
capacity [1000 Mg/y]
Austria
2
340
Italy
28
1900
Belgium
24
2240
Luxembourg
1
170
Germany
49
12020
Netherland
10
3150
Denmark
30
2310
Portugal
0
Finland
1
70
Sweden
2115
1860
France
225
11330
Spain
315
740
Greece
0
-
United Kingdom
31
3670
Ireland
0
-
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 5
Thermal WasteTreatment – Waste Management Legislation
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Operation conditions for municipal waste incineration plants
Temperature in the after-burning chamber for municipal wastes for hazardous wastes
> 850 °C > 1,100 °C
Residence time Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology
in the after-burning chamber
Level of incineration as total organic carbon TOC as loss on ignition
Emissions
30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 6
> 2 sec
see next table
5000 mg/m³
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
0
parallel flow
counter flow
center flow
center flow with prism
Espoo, Finland Folie 23
Thermal Waste Treatment – State of the Art
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Secondary Air Injection (schematic) for municipal waste incineration plants
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
reversed feed grate
reciprocating grate
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 24
roller grate
PA SA FG
primary air secondary air flue gases
Thermal Waste Treatment – State of the Art
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Firing Capacity Diagram for the MARS Test Rig thermal load [MW]
LUAT
possible garanteed range range
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 25
mechanical troughput [kg/h]
Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials
Mathematical Modelling
from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 1
Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling
LUAT
Interactions in a flame fired by solid fuels
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
grate
Klaus Görner
slagging fouling
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 2
furnace geometry
driven convection
velocity field
material temp. behaviour convection
bouancy effects
turbulence strukture
particle qualities
temperature field radiation
material corr. behaviour particle movement
convection
concentration field
chemical reaction
flue gas tempearture
emission production
flue gas composition
Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling
LUAT
Interaction of the main sub-models
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
flow model
CFD
Course
heat transfer model
Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials
reaction model
from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 3
Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Transport-Equation for a specific state variable ϕ
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
⎛ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝
⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠
∂ (ρ ⋅ϕ ) + ∂ ⎛⎜ ρ ⋅ϕ ⋅u ⎞⎟ = ∂ D ⋅ ∂ (ϕ ) + S ϕ ϕ ∂x j ⎟⎠ ∂x ∂t ∂x j ⎜⎝ j j Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 4
transient term Effect
convective net transport
diffusive net transport
source-/ sink term
Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling
LUAT
particle turbulence interaction
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
turbulence model
two phase model
flow model
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials
CFD heat transfer model
reaction model
from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 5
Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
flow model
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 6
heterog. reactions
CFD heat transfer model
reaction model combustion gasification homog. reactions
Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling
LUAT
Reaction model with control by diffusion / reaction*
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
* Baum, Street and Field
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
O2
Klaus Görner
CO 2
O2
char
CO 2
CO 2
R1
p
1
+ T∞ ) / 2] Dp
0.75
R 2 = C 2 exp(− E / RTp )
reaction
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials
O2-diffusion
[(T =C
O2
O2 CO 2
from Waste Helsinki University of Technology
dm p R 1R 2 = −πD 2p p O 2 dt R1 + R 2
Intrinsic reaction
30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 7
Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
model
Klaus Görner
Parameter set = + •
• • •
Course
•
Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials
•
from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 8
• •
pyrolysis model reaction model gas reaction model char turbulence model radiation model particle size distribution particle tracking
• • • • • • • •
parameter
kinetic data for coal balanced species composition of the coal physical properties of coal (e.g. density, cp) particle sizes gas pahse properties in the high temperature range eddy-breakup-parameters radiation parameters turbulence parameters
Thermal Treatment – Mathematical Modelling
LUAT
Modelling of the gas phase
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
state and process variable to be balanced
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
reaction (mass transfer, chemical reaction) c (CxHy) c (CO) c (CO2) c (H2O) c (O2)
Course
(CxHy + O2 → CO + H2O) (CO + O2 → CO2)
flow (momentum transfer) u1, u2, u3 k, ε
Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology
hydrocarbons carbon monoxide carbon dioxide water oxygen
velocity components turbulence model
energy (heat transfer) h q1, q2, q3
velocity components turbulence model
30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 9
Combustion Technology - hard coal burner
LUAT
geometry
char combustion rate
velocity
O2-concentration
[kg/s]
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 10
[Ma.-%]
Thermal Treatment – Mathematical Modelling
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Modelling of the fixed bed (waste layer) heterogeneous combustion in the waste layer
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
profils for: velocities
Klaus Görner
spezies und temperature
waste
ash
waste layer
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology
T=
H&
sensitive
c p ⋅ m& gas
primary air
& −H & & & & H =Q =m ⋅LCV waste − H waste sensitive in latent latent
30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland
& & gas H =(LCVCxHy⋅μCxHy+LCVCO⋅μCO)⋅m latent
Folie 11
Thermal Treatment – Mathematical Modelling
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Modelling of the fixed bed (waste layer) heterogeneous combustion in the waste layer
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
heat release profile
parallel flow center flow
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials
counter flow
from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 12
grate length [m]
Thermal Waste Treatment – Model Validation
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Model Validation
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 1
Thermal Waste Treatment – Model Validation
LUAT
Comparison measurement - simulation
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
temperature [K]
MWI (Europe)
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Plant data: Q: 54 MW, m: 17,8 t/h, LCV: 12.000 - 20.000
1500
kJ/kg
30 m (1.path) measurement simulation
1400
Course
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
1300 40m (1.path) temperature (K)
Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
1200 45 m (2.path)
1100
1000
900
Espoo, Finland 800
Folie 2
40m (2.path)
measurement simulation
40m (3.path) 45m (3.path)
Thermal Waste Treatment – Model Validation
LUAT
Comparison measurement - simulation
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
CO-concentration [mg/m3N]
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
outlet after burning zone
Klaus Görner
Plant data: Q: 54 MW, m: 17,8 t/h, LCV: 12.000 - 20.000 kJ/kg
100000
Course
100
10
1 2 3 4
Folie 3
simulation (line 1)
30 m (1.path)
measurement (line 1)
simulation (line 2)
measurement (line 2)
simulation (line 3)
measurement (line 3)
simulation (line 1)
40 m (1.path)
measurement (line 1)
measurement simulation
simulation (line 2)
Espoo, Finland
6 measurement (line 2)
30.01.-01.02.2008
1 5
simulation (line 3)
Helsinki University of Technology
measurement (line 3)
depth of measurement [m]
Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
1000
CO [mg/Nm3]
inlet after 10000 burning zone
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Secondary Air Injection
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 1
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT
Geometry of the furnace and the radiational pass
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
16 single nozzles
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
SL2 SL1
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 2
Center flow firing
Detail of the rear wall nozzles
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT
Geometry of the furnace and the radiational pass
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
SL2 SL1
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 3
Center flow firing
Results on the symmetry plane
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Velocity distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
> 20
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
10
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 4
0 m/s
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Velocity distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
Course
Isoplane
Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
11 m/s
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 5
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Temperature distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
> 1400
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
700
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
0
Espoo, Finland Folie 6
°C
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Temperature distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
Course
Isoplane
Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
1.000 °C
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 7
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Temoerature distribution near the walls –flue gas side Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
> 1200
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
1100
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 8
< 1000 °C
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Oxigen distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
20
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
10
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
0
Espoo, Finland
Mass.-%
Folie 9
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Oxigen distribution near the walls – flue gas side Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
20
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
10
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 10
0 Mass.-%
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Oxigen distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
Course
Isoplane
Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
10 Mass.-%
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 11
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Carbon monoxide distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
> 1000
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
500
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
0
Espoo, Finland Folie 12
ppm
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT
Carbon monoxide distribution near the walls – flue gas side
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
> 1000
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
500
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
0
Espoo, Finland ppm
Folie 13
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 14
Steam lines Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
Stream lines -
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT
Stream lines colored by particle temperature
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
> 1200
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
600
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
0
Espoo, Finland °C
Folie 15
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Abrasion attack Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50
Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65
> e-10
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
0
Espoo, Finland Folie 16
kg/m2s
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT
Different secondary air injection concepts
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology
normal configuration
tangential injection
static mixing device
30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 17
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 18
Secondary Air Injection Concepts classically
swirl concept
displacement body
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT
Advanced secondary injection concepts
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
rotating cylinder + air overall view of furnace and transition area
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland
prism + air
steam instead of air
Folie 19
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Advanced secondary injection concepts System: Temelli, Kümmel, Krüger
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
air
steam
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 20
system Wuppertal
system Bonn
system Schwandorf
Effect: Static mixing device and/or higher momentum
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT
MWI Bonn
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Plant Data: Q: 24 MW, m: 9,3 t/h, LCV: 9.000 kJ/kg
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 21
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT
Advanced secondary injection concepts
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
prism - system Bonn
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 22
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT
Comparison measurement - simulation
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
temperature [°C] - inlet after-burning zone
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Plant data: Q: 24 MW, m: 9,3 t/h, LCW: 9.000 kJ/kg
1050 1000
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
950
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
900 row 1
Espoo, Finland
row 2
simulation
row 3
measurment
Folie 23
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Comparison measurement - simulation temperature [°C] - outlet after-burning zone
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Plant data: Q: 24 MW, m: 9,3 t/h, LCV: 9.000 kJ/kg
880 860 840
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
820 800
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 24
780 row 1
row 2
simulation
row 3
measurement
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Advanced secondary injection concepts prism - system Bonn
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 25
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT
Advanced secondary injection concepts
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Secondary air injection prism Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 26
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Influence of the displacement body center flow firing
velocity [m/s]
Klaus Görner
30
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
0
Espoo, Finland
without with displacement body (prism)
Folie 27
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Influence of the displacement body center flow firing
temperature [°C]
Klaus Görner
1300
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 28
0
without with displacement body (prism)
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Influence of the displacement body center flow firing
O2-concentration [Massen-%]
Klaus Görner
18
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
0
Espoo, Finland
without with displacement body (prism)
Folie 29
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Influence of the displacement body center flow firing
CO-concentration [mg/m³] >4750
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 30
0
without with displacement body (prism)
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Influence of the displacement body center flow firing
velocity [m/s]
Klaus Görner
8
without displacement body (prism)
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
with displacement body (prism)
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland
0
Folie 31
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT
Displacement body
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
after 3,300 hours of operation
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 32
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Displacement body after 9,000 hours of operation
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 33
Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Influence of a tangential injection center flow firing
O2-concentration [mg/m³]
Klaus Görner
23 % O2
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 34
0 % O2
„normal“ injection
with prism
tangential injection
Thermal Waste Treatment – Refractory Lining
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Refractory Lining
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 1
Thermal Waste Treatment – Refractory Lining
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Variations for wall insulation (chem. and therm.)
Metallic pipe and metallic protected pipe metallic pipe + dust layer
cladding + dust layer
SiC-Mass Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 2
castable SiC (bound by phosphate) + dust layer
SiC-Beton (bound by water) + dust layer
SiC plates, bound by phosphate, luted + dust layer
SiC plates, (bound by phosphate, air cooled + dust layer
Thermal Waste Treatment – Refractory Lining
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Thermal heat conductivity of different refractory linings
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
refractory lining material
thermal heat conductivity [W/(mK)] at 800 °C
Refrax 20 plates
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste
20
SiC 70 refractory castable
4-6
SiC 90 refractory castable
6.3 - 7.5
Sillimanit (Andalusit) plates
1.74
compact refractory castable
1.83
Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 3
Thermal Waste Treatment – Refractory Lining
LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik
Influence of the refractory lining center flow firing
temperature [°C]
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
1300°C
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 4
0°C castable SiC
luted SiC-plates
air cooled SiC-plates + dust
Thermal Waste Treatment – Refractory Lining
LUAT
Welding materials for cladding purposes
Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Klaus Görner
Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008
Espoo, Finland Folie 5
welding material
composition element
partition [%]
NiCr625 2.4831
C