Thermal Treatment of Wastes Practice

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Klaus Görner Thermal Treatment of Wastes in Practice Cour...
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LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Thermal Treatment of

Wastes in Practice Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 1

Klaus Görner Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Environmental Process Engineering and Plant Design LUAT University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany

Course

Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste 30th January - 1st February 2008 Helsinki University of Technology

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagennlagen-Technik

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 2

Chair of Environmental Process Engineering and Plant Design

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

Surrounding Area

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 3

LUAT surrounding area

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

00

Networks University of Duisburg-Essen

Structure

00-01

more Details

00-02

Organisation and Topics

00-03

Projects

00-04

CC Coal and Power Plants

00-00

CC Biomass and Wastes

00-00

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Energy research Ruhr ef.Ruhr

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology

Competence Net Work Power Plant Technology NRW

00-00

Technology Transfer General

00-90

InPro-Consult

00-91

Other

00-00

30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 4

LUAT Pictures

00-09

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

Working Areas

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 5

Working Areas

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Power Plant Technology ƒ thermodynamic system analysis, carbon capture technologies

Combustion Technology ƒ Coal, Gas, Special fuels

Thermal Treatment of Biomass and Wastes ƒ Municipal wastes, Biomass, Special wastes

Gas cleaning Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 6

ƒ Dust removal, De-SOx, De-NOx, Removal of trace elements

Process Technology ƒ Particle generation, Calcination in cement industry, chemical processes

Plant Technology ƒ CFD-Simulation (FLUENT®) ƒ Process-Identification by Neural Nets (Process Insights®)

Environmental Management ƒ Mass and energy flow management (Umberto®) ƒ DIN ISO 14001

Power Plant Technology

01

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Power Plant Technology Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 7

Power Plant Technology

01

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 8

Power Plant Technology

Power Plant Technology

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

01

Power Plant System Analysis Thermodynamic Analysis ................................................

01-00

Cycle Analysis (Flow sheeting) ....................................................

01-02

Klaus Görner

Studies Power Plant Concepts (overview).........................................

01-50

Power Plant Concepts (RKW NRW – BOA) ...............................

01-51

Thermal Processes (Geothermal PP, ..) ..................................

01-52

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology

Carbon Capture and Storage Post-Combustion Carbon Capture .................................

01-10

Cycle Analysis (Flow sheeting) ....................................................

01-11

Modelling and Simulation Flame and Furnace Simulation (see Combustion Techn.) .......

02-00

Espoo, Finland

Simulation of Flue Gas Cleaning (see Gas Cleaning) .............

04-00

Folie 9

Slagging and Fouling .............................................................

01-60

30.01.-01.02.2008

Combustion Technology

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Combustion Technology Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 10

02

Combustion Technology

02

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology

Combustion

30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 11

Combustion Technology

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

02

Modelling and Simulation Mathematical Modelling (CFD) .......................................

00-20

Flow Model .......................................................................

00-00

Reaction Model ................................................................

00-21

Heat Transfer Model .......................................................

00-00

Simulation Studies Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 12

Natural Gas Combustion ................................................

02-01

CO Gas Combustion ........................................................

02-02

Special Waste Vombustion ............................................

02-07

Hard Coal Cpmbustion ...................................................

02-04

Brown Coal Combustion ................................................

02-05

Pre-dried Brown Coal Combustion ...............................

02-06

Petrol Char Combustion .................................................

02-09

TiCl4-Erhitzer ....................................................................

02-08

Gasification Technology

02

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Gasification Technology Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 13

Gasification Technology

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

02

Gasification

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland

Puertollano / Spain

Folie 14

300 MW IGCC-Demo-Plant Source: Siemens

Gasification Technology

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

02

Modelling and Simulation Mathematical Modelling (CFD) .......................................

00-10

Flow Model .......................................................................

00-00

Reaction Modell (Gasification Reactions) ............................

00-30

Heat Transfer Modell .......................................................

00-00

Technology Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

Coal Gasification .............................................................

02-50

Reaction Modelling .........................................................

02-51

Influence of Swirl .............................................................

02-52

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 15

Process Technology

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Process Technology Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 16

Process Technology - Spray Dryer

05

Process Technology

05

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 17

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Modelling and Simulation Calcinating – Process and Models

05-20

Spray Drying – Basics / Models

05-00

Chem. Reactor – Basics / Models

05-21

Applications

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 18

Calcinator in the Cement Industry

05-01

Spray Dryer in the Food Industry

05-02

Stirred Reactor in the Chem. Industry

05-07

Gas Cleaning

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Gas Cleaning Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 19

Gas Cleaning

04

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 20

ed an x i t e l c se ga

raw gas inlet

Gas Cleaning

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

04

Modelling and Simulation Mathematical Modellig (CFD)

00-20

Empirical Modelling

00-00

Klaus Görner

Applications

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland

Bag Filter

04-21

Cyclone

04-00

Experimental Rigs Determination of Pressure Losts

04-01

Electrical Resistance

04-02

Hot Gas Filtration

04-07

Experimental Results Bag Filter

04-04

Cyclone

04-05

Folie 21

Thermal Waste Treatment

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Thermal Waste Treatment Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 22

Thermal Waste Treatment

LUAT

03

Thermal Waste Treatment Plant

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 23

Thermal Waste Treatment - MVI Spittelau/Vienna/Austria

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 24

Waste throughput: 260.000 t/year Products: 40.000 MWh Electricity 500.000 MWh Heat 6.000 t Scrap iron metal 60.000 t Slag, ash, filter cakes

Thermal Waste Treatment - MVI Thurgau/Switzerland

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 25

Thermal Waste Treatment - MVI Thurgau/Switzerland

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 26

Thermal Waste Treatment

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology

03

Topics Legislation (EU)

03-100

State of the Art

03-200

Watercooled grate

03-210

Mathematical Modelling

00-300

Model Validation

00-310

Secondary Air Injection

03-400

Corrosion

03-500

Refractory Lining

03-600

Advanced Control

03-800

Decentralized Concepts

03-900

30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 27

Thermal Waste Treatment

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

03

Experimental Rigs Field Pipe Reactor

00-20

Micro-MWI

00-00

MARS® Plant

00-21

Real MWI

00-00

Experimental Results Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 28

Field Pipe Reactor

03-01

Micro-MWI

03-02

MARS® Plant

03-07

MARS® Plant (PowerGen)

03-04

Contact

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Klaus Görner Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Environmental Process Engineering and Plant Design LUAT Faculty of Engineering Science University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology

Leimkugelstraße 10 45141 Essen Germany tel.: ++49 201 183-7511 fax.: ++49 201 183-7513 e-mail: luat@uni-duisburg-essen http:// www.uni-due.de

30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 29

End

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

thank you for Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 30

your attention

Thermal Waste Treatment – Waste Management Legislation

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

Waste Management Legislation

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 1

Thermal Waste Treatment – EU-27 Countries

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 2

Thermal Waste Treatment – Waste Management Legislation

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Estimated mean composition of the municipal waste in the EU15 countries

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

paper 20% food + garden 37% Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

textile and others 21% metals glass 5% 7%

Helsinki University of Technology

plastics 10%

30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 3

Thermal Waste Treatment – Waste Management Legislation

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Amount of municipal waste in the EU15 countries

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

600

25000

500

20000

400

15000

300

10000

200

5000

100

0

0

Country

Espoo, Finland

Municipal waste [kton/y] Folie 4

Municipal waste [kg/cap y]

Municipal and household waste [kg/cap y]

Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

30000

Au s Be tria lg G ium er m D an en y m a Fi rk nl a Fr nd an G ce re ec e Irl an d Lu xe Ita m ly N bo et he urg rla Po nds rtu Sw g a ed l U en ni te d Sp Ki ain ng do m

Course

Municipal waste [k ton/y]

Klaus Görner

Thermal Waste Treatment – Waste Management Legislation

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Number of Municipal Waste Incineration Plants with energy recovery in the EU15 countries (1993)

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

country

numb.

capacity

country

numb.

[1000 Mg/y]

capacity [1000 Mg/y]

Austria

2

340

Italy

28

1900

Belgium

24

2240

Luxembourg

1

170

Germany

49

12020

Netherland

10

3150

Denmark

30

2310

Portugal

0

Finland

1

70

Sweden

2115

1860

France

225

11330

Spain

315

740

Greece

0

-

United Kingdom

31

3670

Ireland

0

-

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 5

Thermal WasteTreatment – Waste Management Legislation

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Operation conditions for municipal waste incineration plants

Temperature in the after-burning chamber for municipal wastes for hazardous wastes

> 850 °C > 1,100 °C

Residence time Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology

in the after-burning chamber

Level of incineration as total organic carbon TOC as loss on ignition

Emissions

30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 6

> 2 sec

see next table

5000 mg/m³

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

0

parallel flow

counter flow

center flow

center flow with prism

Espoo, Finland Folie 23

Thermal Waste Treatment – State of the Art

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Secondary Air Injection (schematic) for municipal waste incineration plants

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

reversed feed grate

reciprocating grate

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 24

roller grate

PA SA FG

primary air secondary air flue gases

Thermal Waste Treatment – State of the Art

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Firing Capacity Diagram for the MARS Test Rig thermal load [MW]

LUAT

possible garanteed range range

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 25

mechanical troughput [kg/h]

Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials

Mathematical Modelling

from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 1

Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling

LUAT

Interactions in a flame fired by solid fuels

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

grate

Klaus Görner

slagging fouling

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 2

furnace geometry

driven convection

velocity field

material temp. behaviour convection

bouancy effects

turbulence strukture

particle qualities

temperature field radiation

material corr. behaviour particle movement

convection

concentration field

chemical reaction

flue gas tempearture

emission production

flue gas composition

Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling

LUAT

Interaction of the main sub-models

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

flow model

CFD

Course

heat transfer model

Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials

reaction model

from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 3

Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Transport-Equation for a specific state variable ϕ

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

⎛ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠

∂ (ρ ⋅ϕ ) + ∂ ⎛⎜ ρ ⋅ϕ ⋅u ⎞⎟ = ∂ D ⋅ ∂ (ϕ ) + S ϕ ϕ ∂x j ⎟⎠ ∂x ∂t ∂x j ⎜⎝ j j Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 4

transient term Effect

convective net transport

diffusive net transport

source-/ sink term

Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling

LUAT

particle turbulence interaction

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

turbulence model

two phase model

flow model

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials

CFD heat transfer model

reaction model

from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 5

Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

flow model

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 6

heterog. reactions

CFD heat transfer model

reaction model combustion gasification homog. reactions

Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling

LUAT

Reaction model with control by diffusion / reaction*

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

* Baum, Street and Field

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

O2

Klaus Görner

CO 2

O2

char

CO 2

CO 2

R1

p

1

+ T∞ ) / 2] Dp

0.75

R 2 = C 2 exp(− E / RTp )

reaction

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials

O2-diffusion

[(T =C

O2

O2 CO 2

from Waste Helsinki University of Technology

dm p R 1R 2 = −πD 2p p O 2 dt R1 + R 2

Intrinsic reaction

30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 7

Thermal Waste Treatment – Mathematical Modelling

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

model

Klaus Görner

Parameter set = + •

• • •

Course



Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials



from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 8

• •

pyrolysis model reaction model gas reaction model char turbulence model radiation model particle size distribution particle tracking

• • • • • • • •

parameter

kinetic data for coal balanced species composition of the coal physical properties of coal (e.g. density, cp) particle sizes gas pahse properties in the high temperature range eddy-breakup-parameters radiation parameters turbulence parameters

Thermal Treatment – Mathematical Modelling

LUAT

Modelling of the gas phase

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

state and process variable to be balanced

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

reaction (mass transfer, chemical reaction) c (CxHy) c (CO) c (CO2) c (H2O) c (O2)

Course

(CxHy + O2 → CO + H2O) (CO + O2 → CO2)

flow (momentum transfer) u1, u2, u3 k, ε

Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology

hydrocarbons carbon monoxide carbon dioxide water oxygen

velocity components turbulence model

energy (heat transfer) h q1, q2, q3

velocity components turbulence model

30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 9

Combustion Technology - hard coal burner

LUAT

geometry

char combustion rate

velocity

O2-concentration

[kg/s]

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 10

[Ma.-%]

Thermal Treatment – Mathematical Modelling

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Modelling of the fixed bed (waste layer) heterogeneous combustion in the waste layer

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

profils for: velocities

Klaus Görner

spezies und temperature

waste

ash

waste layer

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology

T=

H&

sensitive

c p ⋅ m& gas

primary air

& −H & & & & H =Q =m ⋅LCV waste − H waste sensitive in latent latent

30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland

& & gas H =(LCVCxHy⋅μCxHy+LCVCO⋅μCO)⋅m latent

Folie 11

Thermal Treatment – Mathematical Modelling

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Modelling of the fixed bed (waste layer) heterogeneous combustion in the waste layer

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

heat release profile

parallel flow center flow

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials

counter flow

from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 12

grate length [m]

Thermal Waste Treatment – Model Validation

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Model Validation

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 1

Thermal Waste Treatment – Model Validation

LUAT

Comparison measurement - simulation

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

temperature [K]

MWI (Europe)

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Plant data: Q: 54 MW, m: 17,8 t/h, LCV: 12.000 - 20.000

1500

kJ/kg

30 m (1.path) measurement simulation

1400

Course

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

1300 40m (1.path) temperature (K)

Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

1200 45 m (2.path)

1100

1000

900

Espoo, Finland 800

Folie 2

40m (2.path)

measurement simulation

40m (3.path) 45m (3.path)

Thermal Waste Treatment – Model Validation

LUAT

Comparison measurement - simulation

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

CO-concentration [mg/m3N]

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

outlet after burning zone

Klaus Görner

Plant data: Q: 54 MW, m: 17,8 t/h, LCV: 12.000 - 20.000 kJ/kg

100000

Course

100

10

1 2 3 4

Folie 3

simulation (line 1)

30 m (1.path)

measurement (line 1)

simulation (line 2)

measurement (line 2)

simulation (line 3)

measurement (line 3)

simulation (line 1)

40 m (1.path)

measurement (line 1)

measurement simulation

simulation (line 2)

Espoo, Finland

6 measurement (line 2)

30.01.-01.02.2008

1 5

simulation (line 3)

Helsinki University of Technology

measurement (line 3)

depth of measurement [m]

Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

1000

CO [mg/Nm3]

inlet after 10000 burning zone

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Secondary Air Injection

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 1

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT

Geometry of the furnace and the radiational pass

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

16 single nozzles

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

SL2 SL1

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 2

Center flow firing

Detail of the rear wall nozzles

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT

Geometry of the furnace and the radiational pass

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

SL2 SL1

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 3

Center flow firing

Results on the symmetry plane

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Velocity distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

> 20

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

10

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 4

0 m/s

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Velocity distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

Course

Isoplane

Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

11 m/s

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 5

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Temperature distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

> 1400

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

700

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

0

Espoo, Finland Folie 6

°C

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Temperature distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

Course

Isoplane

Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

1.000 °C

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 7

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Temoerature distribution near the walls –flue gas side Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

> 1200

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

1100

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 8

< 1000 °C

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Oxigen distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

20

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

10

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

0

Espoo, Finland

Mass.-%

Folie 9

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Oxigen distribution near the walls – flue gas side Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

20

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

10

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 10

0 Mass.-%

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Oxigen distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

Course

Isoplane

Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

10 Mass.-%

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 11

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Carbon monoxide distribution Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

> 1000

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

500

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

0

Espoo, Finland Folie 12

ppm

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT

Carbon monoxide distribution near the walls – flue gas side

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

> 1000

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

500

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

0

Espoo, Finland ppm

Folie 13

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 14

Steam lines Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

Stream lines -

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT

Stream lines colored by particle temperature

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

> 1200

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

600

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

0

Espoo, Finland °C

Folie 15

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Abrasion attack Case B SA1/SA2: 50/50

Case A SA1/SA2: 35/65

> e-10

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

0

Espoo, Finland Folie 16

kg/m2s

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT

Different secondary air injection concepts

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology

normal configuration

tangential injection

static mixing device

30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 17

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 18

Secondary Air Injection Concepts classically

swirl concept

displacement body

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT

Advanced secondary injection concepts

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

rotating cylinder + air overall view of furnace and transition area

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland

prism + air

steam instead of air

Folie 19

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Advanced secondary injection concepts System: Temelli, Kümmel, Krüger

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

air

steam

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 20

system Wuppertal

system Bonn

system Schwandorf

Effect: Static mixing device and/or higher momentum

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT

MWI Bonn

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Plant Data: Q: 24 MW, m: 9,3 t/h, LCV: 9.000 kJ/kg

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 21

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT

Advanced secondary injection concepts

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

prism - system Bonn

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 22

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT

Comparison measurement - simulation

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

temperature [°C] - inlet after-burning zone

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Plant data: Q: 24 MW, m: 9,3 t/h, LCW: 9.000 kJ/kg

1050 1000

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

950

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

900 row 1

Espoo, Finland

row 2

simulation

row 3

measurment

Folie 23

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Comparison measurement - simulation temperature [°C] - outlet after-burning zone

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Plant data: Q: 24 MW, m: 9,3 t/h, LCV: 9.000 kJ/kg

880 860 840

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

820 800

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 24

780 row 1

row 2

simulation

row 3

measurement

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Advanced secondary injection concepts prism - system Bonn

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 25

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT

Advanced secondary injection concepts

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Secondary air injection prism Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 26

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Influence of the displacement body center flow firing

velocity [m/s]

Klaus Görner

30

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

0

Espoo, Finland

without with displacement body (prism)

Folie 27

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Influence of the displacement body center flow firing

temperature [°C]

Klaus Görner

1300

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 28

0

without with displacement body (prism)

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Influence of the displacement body center flow firing

O2-concentration [Massen-%]

Klaus Görner

18

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

0

Espoo, Finland

without with displacement body (prism)

Folie 29

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Influence of the displacement body center flow firing

CO-concentration [mg/m³] >4750

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 30

0

without with displacement body (prism)

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Influence of the displacement body center flow firing

velocity [m/s]

Klaus Görner

8

without displacement body (prism)

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

with displacement body (prism)

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland

0

Folie 31

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT

Displacement body

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

after 3,300 hours of operation

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 32

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Displacement body after 9,000 hours of operation

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 33

Thermal Waste Treatment – Secondary Air Injection

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Influence of a tangential injection center flow firing

O2-concentration [mg/m³]

Klaus Görner

23 % O2

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 34

0 % O2

„normal“ injection

with prism

tangential injection

Thermal Waste Treatment – Refractory Lining

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Refractory Lining

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 1

Thermal Waste Treatment – Refractory Lining

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Variations for wall insulation (chem. and therm.)

Metallic pipe and metallic protected pipe metallic pipe + dust layer

cladding + dust layer

SiC-Mass Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 2

castable SiC (bound by phosphate) + dust layer

SiC-Beton (bound by water) + dust layer

SiC plates, bound by phosphate, luted + dust layer

SiC plates, (bound by phosphate, air cooled + dust layer

Thermal Waste Treatment – Refractory Lining

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Thermal heat conductivity of different refractory linings

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

refractory lining material

thermal heat conductivity [W/(mK)] at 800 °C

Refrax 20 plates

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste

20

SiC 70 refractory castable

4-6

SiC 90 refractory castable

6.3 - 7.5

Sillimanit (Andalusit) plates

1.74

compact refractory castable

1.83

Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 3

Thermal Waste Treatment – Refractory Lining

LUAT Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik

Influence of the refractory lining center flow firing

temperature [°C]

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

1300°C

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 4

0°C castable SiC

luted SiC-plates

air cooled SiC-plates + dust

Thermal Waste Treatment – Refractory Lining

LUAT

Welding materials for cladding purposes

Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Klaus Görner

Course Waste to Energy and Recovered Materials from Waste Helsinki University of Technology 30.01.-01.02.2008

Espoo, Finland Folie 5

welding material

composition element

partition [%]

NiCr625 2.4831

C

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