" Virtue, Liberty and Independence"

Pennsylvania The United States of America Carol Haberkern

Harrisburg

I Save A Tree Electronic Books C 2003 I Save A Tree Inc. ISBN# 0-9714299-1-X

Table of Contents Location __________________________________

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State bird __________________________________

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History before statehood __________________________________

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State tree __________________________________

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History since statehood __________________________________

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State flower __________________________________

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State government __________________________________

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Famous people from Pennsylvania __________________________________

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State flag __________________________________

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Things to do in Pennsylvania __________________________________

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Current facts __________________________________

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Popular sports in Pennsylvania __________________________________

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Industry today __________________________________

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Fast facts __________________________________

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State landmarks __________________________________

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Glossary __________________________________

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Weather and land __________________________________

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Web sites / books for information __________________________________

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Animals in Pennsylvania __________________________________

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Index __________________________________

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Credits __________________________________

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Location Pennsylvania is a northeastern and a mid-Atlantic state. Six states border Pennsylvania. New York borders it to the north. New Jersey is on the eastern border. Delaware, Maryland and West Virginia are on the southern border. To the west are the states of West Virginia and Ohio. The capital is Harrisburg, which is located in the central southern part of the state. _______________________

Harrisburg

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History

_______________________ George Washington

Before Statehood

When the Dutch and Swedes arrived in the 1600s, several Indian tribes lived in Pennsylvania. In 1681, the King of England gave Pennsylvania to William Penn. The word "Pennsylvania" means Penn's Woods.

William Penn founded the city of Philadelphia. The colonists didn't like the taxes England imposed on them. They revolted and The Revolutionary War (1775-1783) began. George Washington was made head of the army. The colonies won the war.

William Penn

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History Since Statehood

In 1787, Pennsylvania became the 2nd state in the Union. From 1790 to 1800, Philadelphia was the capital for the new nation. Pennsylvania fought with other northern states against slavery in the Civil War (1861-1865). They won and slavery was abolished.

_______________________ Steel plant

Coal and steel were major industries in the state at one time. However, when the demand dropped in the 1950s, many people lost their jobs. Today many tourists visit the state and many people work in vacation areas.

Philadelphia

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Government _______________________ City Hall

The state government of Pennsylvania is divided into three branches. Governor Ed Rendell is head of the executive branch. This branch is in charge of carrying out the laws. The legislative branch is the General Assembly. It makes the laws.

The General Assembly has two parts, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The third branch is the judicial branch. This branch interprets the laws. Pennsylvania has 67 counties. Each county has a local government.

Governor Ed Rendell

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State Flag _______________________

Pennsylvania adopted its state flag in 1907. The state coat of arms is in the center of the flag. On it are a plow, three bundles of wheat and a ship.

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These stand for Pennsylvania's natural resources. The ship stands for trading. The flag's blue background matches the blue in the flag of the United States.

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Current Facts

_______________________ Oil Creek

Pennsylvania forest

The population of Pennsylvania is 12,281,054. It is ranked the 6th largest state for the number of people living in it. Pennsylvania covers 44,820 square miles. It ranks 32nd in total area.

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Pennsylvania is known as the "Keystone State." The word "keystone" comes from architecture and refers to the central stone that holds all the other stones in place. The nickname refers to the central role the state played in the history of the U.S.

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Industry Today

Chocolate ice cream and potato chips are packaged in Pennsylvania. Mushrooms, corn, hay, apple s and peaches are some of the products grown on farms. Milk is the state's. largest farm product. Many people work in the service Cow and calf industry. This

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includes people working in stores, banks and insurance companies. Pennsylvania is the third largest producer of steel in the U.S. Coal and limestone are mined in the state. Steel mill

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Landmarks _______________________ Independence Hall

Many famous landmarks can be found in Philadelphia. Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell are located in Philadelphia, the "City of Brotherly Love." The Declaration of Independence was signed in Independence Hall.

The famous Liberty Bell cracked the first time it was rung. It is on display for all to see. A natural landmark is the scenic Delaware Water Gap, which is located between Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Liberty Bell

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Weather & Land _______________________

Winter woods

Pennsylvania has a varied climate. The warmest temperatures are in the Ohio and Monongahela River valleys. The mountain areas have colder winters and cooler summers. Average temperatures range from 27° in the winter to a high of 71° Fahrenheit in the summer.

The average yearly precipitation is 41 inches. Mountains, valleys and lowlands are in Pennsylvania. The northwest corner of the state is bordered by Lake Erie. Summer woods

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Animals _______________________ In Pennsylvania Porcupine

The white-tailed deer was named the state animal in 1959. Pennsylvania's forests are also home to the black bears, porcupines and red foxes. Reptiles like snakes and turtles live in the woods and fields.

Over 150 types of fish can be found in the lakes and rivers. Yellow perch, bass, trout and pickerel are a few of them. The ruffed grouse (the state bird), killdeer, pheasant and cardinal are birds that live in Pennsylvania.

Baby deer

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State Bird

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Grouse

The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) was named the state bird in 1939. This chubby bird has feathered legs. A ruffed grouse can spread its tail out like a fan. These birds like to spend the

summers in clearings, and the winters in the forest. Their red-brown feathers and gray brown patches make it hard for them to be seen in the wild. Grouse

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State Tree

_______________________ Hemlock

Hemlock

In 1931, the hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) was named the state tree of Pennsylvania. This tree can grow quite large. It has brown or purplish bark. The bark is rich in tannin.

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Tannin is used in the tanning industry. The needles are short and dark green. Hemlock trees have very small cones. These trees can live to be 1,000 years old.

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State Flower

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Mountain laurel

The mountain laurel (Kalmia latfolia) blossom was named the state flower of Pennsylvania in 1933. It was picked because it's a native plant. It grows wild all over the state.

Mountain laurel blooms in the spring. The flowers can be white or pink. It is evergreen, which means it keeps its green leaves even in winter. The leaves are poisonous to cattle.

Mountain laurel

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Famous People

_______________________ Ben Franklin

Many famous women came from this state. Betsy Ross made the first American flag in Philadelphia. In 1962, Rachel Carson wrote Silent Spring, a book that warned about the dangers of pesticides. Margaret Mead, the famous anthropologist, and Grace Kelly, the Princess of Monaco, were Pennsylvanians.

Benjamin Franklin experimented with electricity and helped free the U.S. from England. Other important Pennsylvanians include President James Buchanan, actor Bill Cosby, painter Andrew Wyeth and sculptor Alexander Calder.

Betsy Ross's House

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Things to Do

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In Pennsylvania

Groundhog

Each Groundhog day (February 2), groundhog Punxsutawney Phil comes out of his hole and predicts winter's end. Pennsylvania has many fine museums. The Franklin Institute is popular with young people. Other museums _______________________

include the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Rodin Museum and the Pennsylvania Farm Museum. Animal lovers enjoy visiting the Philadelphia Zoo. Many state and national parks are located in Pennsylvania.

The Franklin Institute

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Sports In Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania hosts many professional sports teams including the Eagles,Pirates Phillies, 76ers and Steelers. Water sports like rowing, sailing and swimming are popular. Each

_______________________ Sailing

spring, college teams compete in regattas or boat races on the Schuylkill River. Other sports also enjoyed include bicycle and car racing. Each year the National Tennis Competition is held In Pennsylvania. Winter sports include snow skiing, ice fishing and bobsledding.

Kayaking

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Fast Facts Governor: Ed Rendell Capital: Harrisburg Size: 44,820 square miles, 32nd in the U.S. Population: 12,281,054 people, 6th in the U.S. Major cities: Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Scranton Nickname: "The Keystone State" State bird: ruffed grouse State animal: white-tailed deer State tree: eastern hemlock State flower: mountain laurel State song: "Pennsylvania" State motto: "Virtue, liberty, and independence" _______________________

State Park

Luna Moth

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Glossary anthropologist, a person who studies the ways and beliefs of different people. architecture, the way a building is constructed. cattle, cows and steers that are raised for food. chubby, a little fat. coat of arms, a drawing shaped like a shield that stands for a family, city or organization.

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Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes that is located between Canada and the United States. natural resources, something found in nature like coal, water or forests, that people use. poisonous, something that can kill or make sick if it is eaten. service, work that helps other people. steel, a hard metal made from iron.

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Links & Books For more information ____ Link1 ____ Link2 ____ Link3 TITLE: Valley Forge AUTHOR: Jason Cooper PUBLISHER: Rourke Book Company COPYRIGHT: 1999 TITLE: Historic Philadelphia AUTHOR: Jason Cooper PUBLISHER: Rourke Book Company COPYRIGHT: 2001 TITLE: Pennsylvania Facts and Symbols AUTHOR: Emily McAuliffe PUBLISHER: Capstone Press COPYRIGHT: 1999 Visit our website @ www.isaveatree.com

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Index

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Carson, Rachel, 31 "City of Brotherly Love," 19 Civil War, 9 coal, 10, 18

laurel, mountain, 29, 30 Liberty Bell,19, 20 mid-Atlantic, 5 Punxsutawney, 33

deer, white-tail, 23 Delaware Water Gap, 20 Franklin, Benjamin, 32 grouse, ruffled, 24, 25

Penn, William, 7 Philadelphia, 8, 9, 19, 31 Revolutionary War, 8 Rendell, Ed, 11

hemlock, 27, 28 Independence Hall, 19

Washington, George, 8

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Credits Written by Carol A. Haberkern Edited by Linda Coyner Produced by Robert Rance Technologies Doug Meyers Design Dan Mader Photo credits Pennsylvania Bureau of State Parks Pennsylvania Department of Natural Resources www.arttoday.com _______________________ I Save A Tree Inc. reserves the right to remove or exchange any photo/illustration at any time without notice.

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