The transition period from childhood to adulthood.
Is adolescence getting longer or shorter?
Physical Development • It all begins with puberty
Puberty: the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
Primary Sexual Characteristics • The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible Ovaries
Vagina
Testicles
Penis
Secondary Sexual Characteristics • Nonreproductive sexual characteristics Female breasts
Deepening of male voice
Body hair
Jalo’s Hips
When does puberty start? The Landmarks • First ejaculation for boys
•Menarche for girls Do we remember these things?
Puberty Sequence is way more predictable than the timing.
How might timing differences effect an adolescent socially?
Cognitive Development • Have the ability to reason but……. •The reasoning is self-focused. Assume that their experiences are unique. •Experience formal operational thought
Lawrence Kohlberg and his stages of Morality • Preconventional Morality • Conventional Morality • Postconventional Morality
Preconventional Morality • Morality of self- interest • Their actions are either to avoid punishment or to gain rewards.
Conventional Morality Morality is based upon obeying laws to 1. Maintain social order 2. To gain social approval
Postconventional Morality •Morality based on your own ethical principles.
Talk is Cheap How do we turn morality into action? • Teach Empathy • Self-discipline to delay gratification • Modal moral behavior
Social Development
Its all about forming an identity!!!
Identity • One’s sense of self. • The idea that an adolescent’s job is to find oneself by testing various roles. • Comes from Erik Erikson’s stages of Psychosocial development.
Identity • Some teenagers take their identity early by sharing their parents values and expectations. • Some teenagers will adopt a negative identity- opposition to society, but conforms to a peer group.
Intimacy • Towards the end of adolescence, intimacy becomes the prime goal. • Can you list the intimacy differences between men and women?
Erik Erikson • A neo-Freudian • Worked with (and married) Anna Freud • Thought our personality was influenced by our experiences with others. • Stages of Psychosocial Development. • Each stage centers on a social conflict.
Trust vs. Mistrust Age Birth - 18 months
Important Description Event Feeding Infants form a loving, trusting relationship with parents; they also learn to mistrust others.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Age 18 months - 3 Years
Important Event Toilet Training
Description Child's energies are directed toward physical skills: walking, grasping, and toilet training. The child learns control along with a healthy dose of shame and doubt.
Initiative vs. Guilt Age
Important Description Event 3 - 6 Years Independence Child becomes more assertive, takes more initiative, becomes more forceful.
Competence vs. Inferiority Age 6 - 12 Years
Important Description Event School The child must deal with demands to learn new skills while risking a sense of inferiority and failure
Identity vs. Role Confusion Age
Important Description Event Adolescence Peers Teens must achieve self-identity while deciphering their roles in occupation, politics, and religion.
Intimacy vs. Isolation Age
Important Description Event Young Adult Relationships The young adult must develop marriage-seeking relationships while combating feelings of isolation.
Generativity vs. Stagnation Age
Important Description Event Middle Adult Parenting Assuming the role of parents signifies the need to continue the generations while avoiding the inevitable feeling of failure.
Integrity vs. Despair Age Late Adult
Important Description Event Life Acceptance of Reflection one's lifetime accomplishments and sense of fulfillment.
Sigmund Freud • We all have a libido (sexual drive). • Our libido travels to different areas of our body throughout our development. • If we become preoccupied with any one area, Freud said we have become fixated on it. • Together Freud called these stages our Psychosexual Stages of Development.
Oral Stage • Seek pleasure
through out mouths. • Babies put everything in their mouths (0-2). • People fixated in this stage tend to overeat, smoke or have a childhood dependence on things.
Anal Stage • Develops during toilet training (2-4). • Libido is focused on controlling waste and expelling waste. • A person fixated may become overly controlling (retentive) or out of Click to see a classic example control (expulsive). of anal retentive and anal expulsive behaviors.
Phallic Stage • Children first recognize their gender (4-7). • Causes conflict in families with the Oedipus and Electra Complexes. • Fixation can cause later problems in relationships. Click the baby to see real Oedipus Complex
Latency Stage • Libido is hidden (7-11). • Cooties stage. • Freud believed that fixation in this stage could lead to sexual issues.
Genital Stage • Libido is focused on their genitals (12death). • Freud thought fixation in this stage is normal.
