Scholars' Mine Masters Theses

Student Research & Creative Works

1932

The solubility of calcium sulfate in sodium chloride solutions Edward Walter Mockobey

Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Chemical Engineering Commons Department: Recommended Citation Mockobey, Edward Walter, "The solubility of calcium sulfate in sodium chloride solutions" (1932). Masters Theses. Paper 4818.

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OLUBll.lff O C1J.CIUJ4 SULF SODI

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pper t u.

8

ot

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8

10

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l

naly la ra, 1on 1A lta

nt.

~.a•

ut oor also 111 b.e

• • uilenbu.rs t ~ involve 1a thi in

tor h i ·

1noere e pr,e 1:1 i&n

n;v

id i n t h~

\o that.de Dootor

1oroacoplc work \or

c. :.

nroe

e·t1ona.

elp.ful

Iatr ntt · I

baa been l::no a tor e lon

bll1 ¥ ot oaloi

ion.

t lM t · .\ tM aolu-

aulf' \e 1• gri 117 t~lu.o o.4 by

the

,

ucb a

eotrelyl • • wJth

o:t

nob • oaloi

obl.orlde, oaloima byttrozlcle•

peat.a

aw.tale • .u41

auit'ale, ••·• HD4 to 4eor-eu:e \be

ol11l>Uti7 . ~

l

ONOO Wl4 8oh®ltmlll1R'a

ve1 .• a.

saa..

he ao1 · 11111

...a-

t hu

3 C . ue-ron an.4 · 14811 exaa-

it ~· - 1n pure • .t e r.

1.neo t ne etfeo t

or

ma,;Iieai u

ehlori do ~fron t l tc aolub i l •

ity of c u.lei inore a sed up t o a soltrti nn ch loride per liter ,.

deer P.ae ·• c loi

Ctlit\-tt it.d .

Fr or.:i t h a.t poitrt tl o oolu'h i l 1 t y 1.s

· 1 ae:l and " 1t b

S'Ult'fit . 1o s

3

ex ~in ·d t~f.t .·olub111\7 ot

ution!I> of' Vhr1out1 elect:rolytAs .

·J..h~ fo . cl t hnt ut • 5°c . . a ri&XlllUll ocoura 1.n lhe ovve

tor 'the aolubil11

ot caloiua

lt'ale 1

Hd.1

or pot .,.._

g:nea1um nitrate waa tound to

a1wa nit~ t e aolutions..

li

eeuN a gradu l 1nore

1a t he aolubil.1t7 or o lolwa

em.eron

4 .r

"'r0Ui£14

aolubil1i ;:,r of c l c i usn sult ot

1n

that

t

25°c. ••

clutiona·or aimoa1•

cbl.or1de or nitrll t e 1ncre -BG& un t:11 a o :rtnln t 10D. of el•otr l.yte ia re o.n.Cf4.

t he conoeatr tio

o.f

1A t e o l ei • sult

co1104.i1.n-e-

A .t'ul'1;her 1 .ore.aae 1n

t he leo-trolJI• o ana a doereaae

t•.

O•t• . ._r; i'mmd tha t oalolmt

l.t'e te 1• IIDJ.l'a soluble

ill .l JI hylrocbl.or1o or .1 Ii nttrto e.o14 , . an ill water.

The aol.ub1l.1't1 deo.re-fl.a••• ho1re'Yer. a• lbe

z• .PJl.7a.,

a Cftlieron s s.1o.e11

•n4 s.1,11, ~. Pb¥•·

' c-itoa

.QJMl

and.

14911.

Brown. :r. Pllya.

o.14 oonceo.-

e,s. (1901 ) . c -~ e, , 9:s, (ltOtl. Chem..,. s, aio. (t:siot}.

I O.l•al4. J. !Taki. Chea.• CZ).

hea •• ti,

as,,

u.

U.8M}.

-atra l1oa l ncreaaee. eolub111ty

t ouad I

~

o

r on an_d Br eazeale6 examined the

C

01

u lt t e i n s ulrur1c s c1 d.

ul:turlo ao1d 1noreasea t he

t

:atuaber ot • x1:m · ....,l&IO

au t h ·_ • , -d ue to tbe t or

ue .

They

olub llity

ot

points oooUl" i n

ooording to the

tion or o

:plex Iona

uch

oTe a

C (SO,&}a- e.a4 BGa( u04)a•

T t l be pre eno ot aalt a with a oa n ton t enda l o 4eor•••e tbe aol ub tllt7 ot o lot a ull' \ e ha b en. s hown by

_ry workers .

1, h9 tound t u t

~ id ll and

oalob•

111v t e 4eorea ae

the aolub111'ty or c ulo1 _ aul.-

t at e .

'ull1Tan8 found t bat. 112: dilute aolutiona

or

o-

•1• aultate , the aolub111' Y ot oalo1 aill '• r• ehe • ldAl.llua.- Tabel" en4 U.ll.9 oonltaued ttlla inY at.t ll~a

uainc Jam"• oonoentra ted aolutlou ot ...o t

Tba7 1'oun4 t •ult ••

hlt. 6

llter.

c...roa

at•

aa4 Breau

ta

z.

•• 1. Playa ...

Nll/l-r . Obelt. aoo ••

t Ta.NI" •114 84111, l .

aultale re obea

r ....a. c-r011

•

11111-.a,

0 1a

!'bey •lalll t hat • • t llta potnl a

caso,•c1111.,.>a506 •8BaO,

f Ibid .

·8

]Mil"

t , . aolu.b Ult J

e · t te.

o-.•• '•

2,.

5

bl•

aDC1

5tl. (1905).

, (1906).

" •• Chea., 10, U t, (ltOI).

s etd 1110 ex aod1 C

tn d the ert ect or c ale1

ul1's t

,a s tow:ul to o uoo a gr a du

aol·u b 111ty.

1 er

•·odt

a· 1n lbe eono n t r a t t en

f ound t o ea

or

odtu:

ult'a te cum

in the sclub111\y o:r oulct, . aul

nd. Bellll t oUJMl t hol 1n t b

nea1

aolub111ty curve . y

111 y or o

1

t he ett ot

or

ult''.

on

\h

sod1

4

tr

Ce

8D

ron 1n1-

In onother ortt cl 11 ,h y

rox1d

o u

eor

in t

d Taber 13 to _n4

ault ...to.

1n the aolub111t7

urpoao ot 1:hia 1nvea't1

fte

te .

ulto.te pro no

t:b I oo l}er &ulta t

01

B

aod.1

1norea

ol

ulfnte w

deer u

ol ub 111 t :y u.nt1l n con.oentrct t on ot 1'1 . ,

4 er aae i h the

ot

nd

eolub i llty of oolctuo ultot .

on t

o1um ehlorld

i n th

cbl ortd

tlon •

t o de1er lne

ob1o~14e on the aolubi ltty of o 1 o, 1t po o1ble , the

<lon t

r tt ture ror

-

ttoet of • od1

, au·

•-

1 0 ll>l:4 .

ll c....roa end Bel1; l. , tqa. la oaawroa 4 Bell. J ., r. 1$ Bell.. and. Ti b .r , l. .· Ph.7 . . Ob

o, 41»06). • oo., ae, l.UO, (1 • ll, ea, ' ().907).

••

10 ,

)

.

ildon and · 'ba aat one

eulol

ault te in aodl

14

•x.-~iVa • 5·

•

•••

,no .4 •

. 446

•m.e-

y

,oo (.)

• •

••

•

. Ml • $4 6

•

. S45

5

l"CJ

l11t1 ·

•

•

•

:'f'I •

'

Ol

AV

•

. ~M• ""-4.'I

olullon • .,0

Parts C pa 100

•

• a •

•

,o Cat>04

•

. 52.0

0

•

..

•

.450

...

rta

olutloa

.,

.,1,.

• 0 .,1,. 416-

.ua••1 5

C

per l

CaS04

A

•

.'17

.z,:.

•

..,..,,'

t

-16-

ao0 .MO .. M4.3"3-

.3M

A.Te.

90°

.·..a.''...

. 315

.M&-

.Sl5

.MS

. 5lt

.:.16 . 3 16

. Sl5-

. 3 12.AYtt .

.SIG

Aaa17ala ti Pereenl HeCl 6olullon 4,00

uo

o.O&p

a.1 ··

eo0 :s.1

11B.lyaia 10 Peroea1i NaCl t,ol ut1on

,oo

~

10.09·'

l 0 .05Jii

600

Allalyala l& Penea\ gO

nalya1• 20 Peroent

,o• AIMllyale

~

a.cl

old loo

eo0 16.~

Cl

olutlon

ss• ao.1

ao.1~

...

10.a ,

1,.-.

16.te;.

4,0D

,oo

0

a&

.Per. .Dt

.... gO

to0

ao.soj aCl Solution

...... ,oo

·

ot 'tll 1d. ) lur

• 5

l utlon •

ot

15 '

lO;.

ol u.tlon

0

o 1 J!

·01ut 1on

hY

J)

,,o

p

&

800

oo

1t e

ydri e

'3

0

70

Sol tton

bydr11 ,..,...

_ .... _...

.. drlte

dr 11 1

1 l

41'11

41'11•

tt

,.

Fi9u.re I. · £/feet o/ Sodium Chloride Concentration . 011 Solubility of CaS04.

O.G

.

I I

~

........ C)

\

~

\

C)

\

....

~

.... ~

o.s

~

\1

Q,..,

-"" () ()

,Q,.., ~

x lllat ol 7 l a . t> percent or a od1wa chloride.

C

ron

ae r ound

b111 i y oocur G 1n a peroent

or

aocl1

1trn t e l 23

oc.

t he maxlaUD&

olu-

olutlon oonla lning npprox ble t l y l ~. o

ohlor-14e.

Al

~a0 c. he round

aolub1l 1 t y . to ooour lo a aolullon o ontn ln lng

13. a pero nl ot aodl

oblorid.e .

x1•wa pproxl s tel7 &Y

Tllc.ltJn and ~henatone

r o}?Ql"l-ed i ~ 1t I.bey round t he aol ub1l 1 t y or o tt lol

l o re Cih a

ao 0 c. peroenl or t

prox1r&al e l 7 16.1

ln a aolullon oont a lnlng ap-

ao4l

olllorlh.

oble l ne-d by Caa rOII are la aocarct •lU1 t ho• l b•

o t lned •Y

\lllllol'.

la Fla . a will abow 1110,, wl \ h a 10 peraenl

aolutt:on,

\be

oon•eralon or gy

a blS)Mtr leap r \ ur

,h.un wtt b

c.-.r•.

ftl• art1ole.

4,

oun••

041

ohl orl4e

\o ttftbJdr 1 te ooova a, or ,b other tt0lu\loaa

oblor14ti a-ol utlo • M

Tb• Yaluea

P.a•

• , !'114ea . .. 6 MUI-One . ftl • artlole. P •••

-a.alure •ould. be obta lae4.

Theee ob•ena l1ona m.ny bo expl.nlned on ta ba•1• ot double eal t torae tt on. Uitte 28

ha• aolt.tal ly 4 ault lea aa

on.trnl•d the ex1a"tenoe ot such double

o~o, •llaa50,.a8 0.

S.-Uoh a Rbat ance would

baYe lhe tollowlng at r uoiural t'onrul a , Ila

ca

Tbe tar11&tlon

ot au•h

••

"ao I

ft

""I .804

1n1balonoe

7 t ake plaoe aocord•

taa \o the toll()Wlng -.ua,1on 1

acaso4 +

eel

-'r

ca80, ·• •aao,

-1-

c.018 •

TIie 4ouble aalt f'"oJ'llad woul.4 'tlln probal>lJ 10ll1M u 1'011....

ca804 •w.,so, ~ ••++cac o,>i-. 11111GJ be lb I 1n • la.I peooat aoa.u ohlo.ri4e aolutlon the tCll'llla'l1on ot ••• a 40tlble att.11 t; akaa pl oe w11h 111-

lle or ao 41tt1cult)".

In

•

N

dllu,e aodl

olllorl4• aola-

CS.OSMI tbe oonMntrallon or aal.\ uy be too lo• to eauae ton1e:lloa ot lbe 4ouble wltate.

aolu11.oea

tu

Jl"••.n" or

ID aore conoentra\e4

luge a110uat• or aa41

oblorl4e

would lta:.J.y ten4 to r eprea, a ~t only tho 1oalsa,1oa

ae

o-.,. a.a•• U6. 1,. ""· (1816).

Dllte. (?),

eM.

(1818)a JJm. Chlll.

or

PbJ•··

--'tbe oaloium clll.or1de. but alao thnl

rate.

or

the double aul-

It a ay e tia1ly be Hen the t the tin41 reault

ould

be tht1t Iba t'oraal1on or bolh the ooloium ohlor1de nnd

,n

double ault'11 tie would be l argely preYea-te a.

In other

worda the e qu111br1ua 1n the t1rst equation would be

4laplaoed to the left \o a Tery l arge exlenl. lbe oonoenlretion ot aodhm oblorlde at\y beo that the ooourronce ot auob a reoct1on

IA8)"

,1aall7, s o high

be preYon'l,ed.

Ir, 1n a ~.G peroent aodlum ohlorlde aolut1on, oondltiona are ,he a oat t a'l'ol'sble ror such a r eaction \o oocur, then it la to be expeo'ted tbttt the aolubtl1ty

oalol

or

aul:tate woul.4 be greater in auob a aolu11oo.

That tbe 4ou'bl.e Mllt'ete 11ay bs•e aOlle etteo'\ on tbe

t:rua111on betnen UP•• uad aaby4rite, oauatns ll to

ooov a, a higher teape.r alu.,

1 Rlao be expeoleu.

llenllon aboul4 btt aa4e or '&1te auilaa polata wbloll

ooour 1a

tu

ounee tor lbe aolvb111i1 ot oalotum aultah

la ao all4 d P4tro•nt ao41'Ull •blOJ."161 eolutiona.

Tb•

ooeurreaoe ot lbeae pointa la prob ably due ,o the to.1'1118tlon ot a quant1\J ot ao1u,10 anbyc1.t"1te.

Soluble ....

IQ'drlte la a -'laa,a,l• ..-art.elJ' ot ubJ'dr'oaa oalo1m aul.t"ale t"orae4 r.roa

OpMIII

at ll1gb.er t-perniurea.

-M-

· --ry

The aolubUily ot

001011111

ault te 111 ao41Qlh oblori4e

ao1u,1ona neohea a llflX1ma, ree;ar4le••

or

teaper ature. 1n

a a.o1u,1oa oonta1n.1n& approxtmatelf l&.O peroen, or salt. The VMalt1on l•peralure ror gypaua an4 allhyclrlle

pl"O'babl7 n aohea a aaxlaua Ya lue • 1th a ao1u,1on oonta.111-

tnc la.5 peroen\ ot aod1ua oblortde. The•• obeenatlon.a aa7 be expla.lned b7 tb.e .tor11a-

llon of double aolta auoh a C&S04•XaaBo,.

l.

oaooe d tic orl · · r 1 n a\ 1 on -d1t 1ou , lw.Galll an Publ.1 hlq co., 6e140cll . Z . Pb.:y • Che • , 5 , 643 , (1901 ) •

•

be14oll

4

L

ya . c

1tb. J .

ron nnd Brown , 1 . Phy • c

4.

C

G.

...

Oat wal d , Z .

7.

1'b14 . 3 .

• C

al .

r.

• 9.

ell . :1,. V.

4

10.

1b14. 2 .

U.

C

:iron

h

4

• t

(

•,

l•

z.

9 , a10 , (1905).

9 • ' ' • (l • 0

.. liN •• ·?,

• C

..,

r.

a--.

••

v.

16.

Tlld n

10.

Cl oaz. Bull.

10.

o

1,.

D• An . .i ae. Bull . soo. O.h

18.

1b14. 1.

19.

a.uor.

rello C

a •• ae •

• OM.II. . III,

Piqa. c

• (U.

).

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