The Smart Grids Project in Five Aegean Sea Islands under the ELENA Programme Stavros Papathanassiou Associate Professor Electric Power Division, NTUA

The Greek Islands • More than 1000 islands (~90 inhabited) • Island characteristics: – Remote-inaccessible – Demographic decline – Weak capacity in local administration – High cost of electricity – High RES potential, diversity of resources

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Network of Sustainable Aegean Islands (DAFNI) • DAFNI: An association of local authorities 33 Aegean islands + 2 Aegean Regions • Main purpose Support island authorities in sustainable energy planning • Activities Development/maturing of island-specific investment projects in cooperation with local authorities:  Renewable energy (wind, geothermal, solar)  Energy efficiency (street lighting, buildings)  Smart grids, in cooperation with HEDNO Dissemination and public awareness activities ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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The Greek Islands An overview of the situation Electrified islands:

88 islands

•

Interconnected to the mainland system:

32 islands

•

Autonomous power systems:

32 systems

56 islands isolated or interconnected to each other, but not to the mainland

Size of the island systems Peak load >100 MW Peak load 2-100 MW Peak load 800 M€/y  Environmental concerns

• Weak networks  No HV transmission systems - MV distribution networks  Exposure to adverse conditions - Quality of supply often impaired

• Unfavorable demand characteristics  Extreme seasonal variations (summer/winter peak> 4:1, annual max/min > 8:1)  Before 2010: High annual growth of demand (>10% in certain islands)  Low generating capacity utilization and operational difficulties

•

Obstacles in capacity expansion  Frequent investment in new capacity needed - Installation of portable units  Local community reactions (environmental concerns, tourism), lack of space, land acquisition difficulties (availability, cost), lack of infrastructure (ports, roads etc.) ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Non-Interconnected Island (NII) Systems Unique characteristics: RES potential • RES potential    

Favorable wind and solar regimes Geothermal resources in certain islands Limited biomass potential Investment interest for new facilities

• Currently installed (2/2014):  Wind farms  PVs

307.49 MW (94 stations) 135.84 MW + 22.89 MW rooftop PVs (1756 stations, excl. rooftop PVs)

• High investor interest for new RES technologies:    

•

Solar thermal power plants Hybrid stations, comprising RES and storage facilities Biomass-biogas and geothermal Achieved RES penetration: 18.42% of demand in 2013

Regulatory framework largely in place  Legal framework exists  Generation licenses granted  New Island System Code and PPA templates ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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High RES penetration & introduction of storage Crete in the future: Typical 4-day operation of the system Solar Thermal

PVs

Hybrid (wind+storage)

600 ATM+ΣΚ

500

DIESEL Α/Σ ΣΒΒμε ΣΒΒελ

400

P (MW)

Α/Π Υ ΒΣ-ΑΑ-20h

300

Υ ΒΣ-ΑΑ-10h

Need for advanced generation and system management  Energy Control Centres (ECCs) 

Υ ΒΣ-ΑM-8h ΗΘΣ-ΠΚ-8h ΗΘΣ-ΗΠ-4h

200

ΗΘΣ-ΗΠ-0h Φ/Β Φορτίο

100

0 4800

ΤΕ Συμβατικών

4824

4848

4872

4896

time (hours)

Wind

Biomass/Biogas

Conventional

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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The hybrid power station of Ikaria A miniature of the future, today Wind farms

Main interconnection network

The Ikaria hybrid station o Wind 2.7 MW o Small hydro 4.15 MW o Pumps 3.0 MW

APS Ag. Kirikos

Hybrid Power Station

 Under construction by PPC Renewables S.A.

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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The case for smart grids on islands • Optimal management of the autonomous power systems: – Support increased RES penetration levels – Integration of new RES technologies (solar thermal, hybrid with storage etc.) – Enhance security of operation – Optimize generation cost & Public Service Obligation (PSO) costs • Network monitoring and control: – Improve quality of supply and services – Facilitate operations – Optimize asset utilization – Reduce losses • Support application of new regulatory framework and NII market operation • Promote energy efficiency • Provide the basis for demand management and response ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Smart grids in the Greek distribution network Relevant actions of the Hellenic DNO (HEDNO-DEDDIE) • Distributed generation  Active distribution networks • Drive for improved supply & service quality • Optimal utilization of assets and capital investment • Support for near future developments (EVs, demand flexibility etc.) • Requirements of the legal and regulatory framework Smart Grid projects  New automated metering infrastructure (AMI) systems o AMI for all MV users completed (~11000), AMI for major LV customers in progress (~65000), tender imminent for large scale regional pilot project (>160000)

 Distribution management systems (DMS SCADA) & network control centers  Integration of Geographical Information Systems (GIS)  Other ICT applications and pilot smart grid projects ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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The ELENA programme • ELENA (European Local Energy Assistance) is part of the European Investment Bank’s (EIB) broader effort to support the EU climate and energy policy objectives. • ELENA aims to encourage local authorities to implement energy efficiency and renewable energy projects that can be replicated across the EU • The ELENA program funds only technical support and not the implementation of investment programs. • The EU contribution can cover up to 90% of eligible costs • So far projects have been selected for the development of "green energy“ urban transport, RES penetration increase and energy savings in several European cities (Barcelona, Madrid, Milan, Paris etc.) ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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The ELENA Project Outline of the project • Conceived in 2009, in collaboration with PPC (then DNO and NII operator) • DAFNI applied to ELENA on behalf of 5 island authorities (Kythnos, Lesvos, Limnos, Milos, Santorini) Profile of the 5 islands Island

Area (km2)

Peak Population demand (2011) (MW)

Wind farms (MW)

PVs (MW)

RES penetration (%)

Lesvos

1,633

85,330

63.87

13.95

8.84

16,65%

Limnos

478

17,000

14.00

2.44

1.83

12,14%

Milos

160

5,129

11.50

2.65

0.618

19,12%

Kythnos

100

1,310

2.82

0.665

0.238

4,69%

Santorini

73

15,250

32.50

0

0.249

0,39%

(Data 2013)

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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The ELENA Project Outline of the project Objective

Studies and tender document preparation for: – Energy Control Centres (ECC) – AMI for all consumers on the 5 islands – Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) – Energy efficiency in street lighting

Key info

• Budget of the ELENA project: ~800 k€ • Investment cost (proposal to EIB): 52.82 M€ - HEDNO ~90% • Duration: 2011 – 2014 • Main participants/contributors to the project: – DAFNI and HEDNO/PPC – NTUA (technical consultant to DAFNI) – ECCO Int. (consultant awarded the ECC and EVCS studies) ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Action 1: Energy Control Centers Objective and challenges Current paradigm System operation

ECC

New paradigm

EMS

• Autonomous power station the de facto operator of the system • RES stations play secondary role in system operation

Energy Management System

• NII Operator becomes system operator (generation, network backbone) • RES generation at same level of importance as conventional • APS still retains control in emergencies

MMS

Market operation • No market (single generator-single supplier) • No optimal scheduling and objective costing

Market Management System

• New NII code: Simple market model • Most market functions do exist (DAS, DS, deviation settlement, ancillaries, capacity payments, retail etc.)

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Action 1: Energy Control Centers Scope of studies within the ELENA project • Evaluate state of the art in ECCs for island and interconnected power systems all over the world • Analyze current regulatory framework for island systems • Specify high level architecture and necessary functionality of the ECCs, including: – – – – –

Optimal scheduling of dispatchable generation Management of distributed generation and storage (scheduling, set-points etc.) Real time operation of the systems Market operations (metering, billing, settlement etc.) Supporting mechanisms (web portal, helpdesk etc.)

• Perform detailed design, specifications and performance requirements for the ECCs • Prepare tender documents ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Action 1: Energy Control Centers System operations (EMS) • Forecast Applications Short-term load and RES forecasting (wind, solar) • Automatic Generation Control

Core functions

Primary function to ensure load-frequency control and secure operation • SCADA Infrastructure Communication of central system with RTUs in network and power stations, for real time supervision and control • Power and Network Applications Real-time and off-line applications: State estimation, power flow, optimal power flow, short circuit analysis, security assessment, contingency analysis etc. • Historical Information Warehouse of recorded historical data ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Action 1: Energy Control Centers Market Processes (MMS) MARKET PARTICIPANTS Generation/Load Entities

Energy offers (availabilities)

Quantities

Rolling Day - Ahead Scheduling

Dispatch Scheduling (4-Hour Ahead)

Real time

Real Time Dispatch

Payments Bills

Billing and Settlement

Real Time Values and Operating Constraints

Schedules and Set Points

ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Metering Data

METERING SYSTEM

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Action 1: Energy Control Centers Simplified architecture Central Systems

Central systems

External Systems

Market Participants (offers, results)

HEDNO/Athens

Internet

o Central dispatch center o Market system o Generation metering o Portal o Integration with DNO systems

Island-specific systems

ERP Help Desk Portal Settlement

Real Time Data

HIS - DW

Metering

Energy Data Validation

MMS

EMS

Island or HEDNO/Athens o Local dispatch center o Generation control (AGC)

Island Systems I-EMS

I-MMS

Island Operators

Field Power stations & network o RTUs & Interface to SCADA o Meters (electrical, other)

Energy Counters

Power stations

PV

Local Systems

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

Wind

Substations

LCS (HV)

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Action 2: Smart metering (AMI) for consumers Status of the project • Part of HEDNO’s large-scale smart metering pilot project: Telemetering and demand management for residential and small commercial consumers: – Two identical central systems with a capacity of 250,000 LV meters – Direct implementation for >160,000 metering points – Different communication options will be tested (PLC, GPRS, …)

• Studies, tendering document preparation and public consultation complete • Tender imminent by HEDNO

Metering points on the five islands of the ELENA project

Island

LV customers

MV customers

MV/LV Substations

Lesvos

75993

34

1304

Limnos

15273

14

380

Milos

7260

7

23

Kythnos

3163

0

10

Santorini

17205

19

251

TOTAL

118894

74

1968

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Action 2: Smart metering (AMI) for consumers Possibilities and expected benefits • Effective monitoring of power and energy consumption profiles • Application of flexible tariff structures, reflecting actual cost of electricity • Application of new regulatory framework for islands • Facilitation of electricity market (retail) • Improved services related to metering, billing and access/connection • Improved network monitoring and enhanced quality of supply • Reduction of non-technical losses • Consumer awareness via real-time information (in-home displays)  efficient use of energy • Possibilities for load curve shaping and demand side management

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Action 3: EV Charging Stations (EVCS) Objective: Pave the way for EVCS infrastructure in the islands Scope

Foreseen EVCS allocation

• Investigate alternative solutions for metering and billing. Focus on public places with open access. • Select the most suitable type of charging stations (technical standardization, charging capacity, communication and control) • Explore possibilities for EVCS communication with the Energy Control Centers for EV load management purposes

Island

EVCS

Lesvos

13

Limnos

4

Milos

1

Kythnos

1

Santorini

2

Total

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• Produce complete technical specification and tender documents

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Action 4: Energy Efficiency in Street Lighting • Municipal lighting facilities typically outdated and inefficient • Street lighting can account for as much as 30-50% of entire municipal power consumption • Huge potential for energy savings and improvement of lighting effectiveness • Street lighting in the 5 islands to be improved via: o Substitution of existing lamps and fixtures by more efficient technologies o Implementation of time and area controllers, introduction of dimming systems, sensors for motion activation o Optimization of lighting network topography

• Feasibility study under way to identify actions and prepare tender • Expected benefits: o Electricity savings up to 6 GWh/year o Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions 4,810 tCO2eq/year ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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To conclude… Benefits from the deployment of smart grid infrastructure on the five islands

Island

Energy Demand in year 2012 (GWh)

Current RES Energy Penetration in year 2012 (%demand)

Lesvos

300.82

Lemnos

Energy Savings(*) (GWh)

Increase in RES Energy Penetration (GWh)(**)

Conventional Energy Production Avoided (GWh)

kgCO2 per Thermal kWh

Annual CO2 Savings (t)

14.53%

16.55

60.16

76.71

0.90

69,039

61.74

9.91%

3.40

12.35

15.74

0.90

14,170

Milos

49.95

16.61%

2.75

9.99

12.74

0.90

11,464

Kythnos

8.67

2.63%

0.48

1.73

2.21

0.90

1,990

Santorini

120.82

0.28%

6.64

24.16

30.81

0.90

27,727

Total

542.01

10.83%

29.81

108.40

138.21

-

124,390

(*): Based on a rate of total energy savings of 5.5%. (**): Based on an increase of annual RES energy penetration of 20% on average.

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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Thank you very much! Stavros Papathanassiou Electric Power Division, NTUA [email protected]

ELENA Project: Smart Grid Infrastructure in 5 Greek Islands Athens, 15-16 May 2014

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