The shaping of grand strategy

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76126-0 - The Shaping of Grand Strategy: Policy, Diplomacy, and War Edited by Williamson Murray, Richard Hart Sin...
Author: Elmer Welch
9 downloads 2 Views 122KB Size
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76126-0 - The Shaping of Grand Strategy: Policy, Diplomacy, and War Edited by Williamson Murray, Richard Hart Sinnreich and James Lacey Frontmatter More information

The shaping of grand strategy Within a variety of historical contexts, The Shaping of Grand Strategy addresses the most important tasks that states have confronted – namely, how to protect their citizens against the short-range as well as the long-range dangers their polities confront in the present and may confront in the future. To be successful, grand strategy demands that governments and leaders chart a course that involves more than simply reacting to immediate events. Above all, it demands that they adapt to sudden and major changes in the international environment, which more often than not involve the outbreak of great conflicts but at times demand recognition of major economic, political, or diplomatic changes. This collection of essays explores the successes and failures of great states attempting to create grand strategies that work and aims to achieve an understanding of some of the extraordinary difficulties involved in casting, evolving, and adapting grand strategy to the realities of the world. Williamson Murray is Professor Emeritus of History at The Ohio State University. He has been the Centennial Visiting Professor at the London School of Economics, Secretary of the Navy Fellow at the Navy War College, Horner Professor of Military Theory at the Marine Corps University, and Harold Johnson Professor of Military History at the Army War College. At present he is a defense consultant and commentator on historical and military subjects in Washington, D.C. Murray is coeditor of The Making of Peace (2009, with James Lacey); The Past as Prologue (2006, with Richard Hart Sinnreich); The Dynamics of Military Revolution, 1300–2050 (2001, with MacGregor Knox); Military Innovation in the Interwar Period (1998, with Allan R. Millett); and The Making of Strategy (1996, with Alvin Bernstein and MacGregor Knox). Richard Hart Sinnreich retired from the U.S. Army in 1990. His active service included field artillery commands from battery through division artillery; combat in Vietnam; teaching at West Point and Fort Leavenworth; and assignments on the Army, Joint, and National Security Council staffs as assistant to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe and as the first Army Fellow of the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He helped establish and subsequently directed the Army’s School of Advanced Military Studies and has published widely on military and foreign affairs. Since retiring from the Army, he has worked as an independent defense consultant for both private industry and government agencies and as the regular defense columnist for the Sunday Constitution in Lawton, Oklahoma. James Lacey has served for more than twelve years as an infantry officer on active duty and is recently retired from the Army reserves. He is a widely published analyst and Professor of Strategy at the Marine Corps War College in Quantico, Virginia. He has written several works on the war in Iraq and the global war on terrorism. He also teaches graduate-level courses in military history and global issues at Johns Hopkins University. Lacey was an embedded journalist with Time magazine during the Iraq invasion, traveling with the 101st Airborne Division. He has written extensively for many magazines, and his opinion columns have been published in the National Review, The Weekly Standard, The New York Post, the New York Sun, Foreign Affairs, and many other publications. He is the author of Takedown: The 3rd Infantry Division’s 21-Day Assault on Baghdad (2007), which has been hailed as “a major and successful effort to fill in one of the major blank spots in our knowledge of Operation Iraqi Freedom”; Pershing (2008); and Keep from All Thoughtful Men (forthcoming). He is coeditor of The Making of Peace (2009).

© in this web service Cambridge University Press

www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76126-0 - The Shaping of Grand Strategy: Policy, Diplomacy, and War Edited by Williamson Murray, Richard Hart Sinnreich and James Lacey Frontmatter More information

© in this web service Cambridge University Press

www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76126-0 - The Shaping of Grand Strategy: Policy, Diplomacy, and War Edited by Williamson Murray, Richard Hart Sinnreich and James Lacey Frontmatter More information

The shaping of grand strategy Policy, diplomacy, and war Edited by WILLIAMSON MURRAY Ohio State University, Emeritus

RICHARD HART SINNREICH Independent Scholar

JAMES LACEY Marine Corps War College

© in this web service Cambridge University Press

www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76126-0 - The Shaping of Grand Strategy: Policy, Diplomacy, and War Edited by Williamson Murray, Richard Hart Sinnreich and James Lacey Frontmatter More information

32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, ny 10013-2473, usa Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521156332 © Cambridge University Press 2011 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2011 Reprinted 2014 A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data The shaping of grand strategy : policy, diplomacy, and war / edited by Williamson Murray, Richard Hart Sinnreich, James Lacey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-521-76126-0 (Hardback) 1. World politics – 18th century. 2. World politics – 19th century. 3. World politics – 20th century. 4. Strategy – History – 18th century. 5. Strategy – History – 19th century. 6. Strategy – History – 20th century. 7. Strategic culture – Case studies. I. Murray, Williamson. II. Sinnreich, Richard Hart. III. Lacey, Jim, 1958– d217.s44 2011 327.1–dc22 2010037125 isbn 978-0-521-76126-0 Hardback isbn 978-0-521-15633-2 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press

www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76126-0 - The Shaping of Grand Strategy: Policy, Diplomacy, and War Edited by Williamson Murray, Richard Hart Sinnreich and James Lacey Frontmatter More information

Dedicated to General James Mattis United States Marine Corps Mentor, Leader, and Student of History

© in this web service Cambridge University Press

www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76126-0 - The Shaping of Grand Strategy: Policy, Diplomacy, and War Edited by Williamson Murray, Richard Hart Sinnreich and James Lacey Frontmatter More information

© in this web service Cambridge University Press

www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76126-0 - The Shaping of Grand Strategy: Policy, Diplomacy, and War Edited by Williamson Murray, Richard Hart Sinnreich and James Lacey Frontmatter More information

Contents

Contributors

page ix

1

Thoughts on grand strategy Williamson Murray

2

The grand strategy of the grand si`ecle: Learning from the wars of Louis XIV John A. Lynn II

1

3

Strategic culture and the Seven Years’ War Jeremy Black

4

Strategy as character: Bismarck and the Prusso-German question, 1862–1878 Marcus Jones

5

34 63

79

About turn: British strategic transformation from Salisbury to Grey Richard Hart Sinnreich

111

6

British grand strategy, 1933–1942 Williamson Murray

7

Toward a strategy: Creating an American strategy for global war, 1940–1943 James Lacey

182

Harry S. Truman and the forming of American grand strategy in the Cold War, 1945–1953 Colin S. Gray

210

8

147

vii

© in this web service Cambridge University Press

www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76126-0 - The Shaping of Grand Strategy: Policy, Diplomacy, and War Edited by Williamson Murray, Richard Hart Sinnreich and James Lacey Frontmatter More information

viii 9

Contents Patterns of grand strategy Richard Hart Sinnreich

Index

© in this web service Cambridge University Press

254

271

www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76126-0 - The Shaping of Grand Strategy: Policy, Diplomacy, and War Edited by Williamson Murray, Richard Hart Sinnreich and James Lacey Frontmatter More information

Contributors

Jeremy Black University of Exeter

John A. Lynn II Northwestern University

Colin S. Gray University of Reading

Williamson Murray Ohio State University, Emeritus

Marcus Jones U.S. Naval Academy James Lacey Marine Corps War College

Richard Hart Sinnreich Independent Scholar

ix

© in this web service Cambridge University Press

www.cambridge.org