The Price History of English Agriculture,

The Price History of English Agriculture, 1209-1914 Gregory Clark University of California, Davis [email protected] October 9, 2003 The paper constru...
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The Price History of English Agriculture, 1209-1914 Gregory Clark University of California, Davis [email protected] October 9, 2003 The paper constructs an annual price series for English net agricultural output in the years 1200-1914 using 26 component series: wheat, barley, oats, rye, peas, beans, potatoes, hops, straw, mustard seed, saffron, hay, beef, mutton, pork, bacon, tallow, eggs, milk, cheese, butter, wool, firewood, timber, cider, and honey. I also construct sub-series for arable, pasture and wood products. The main innovation is in using a consistent method to form series from existing published sources. But fresh archival data is also incorporated. The implications of the movements of these series for agrarian history are explored.

Introduction Despite the considerable research conducted on the price history of England since James Thorold Rogers’ classic nineteenth century work there is no aggregate series available on the movement of agricultural prices over these years. Lord Beveridge gave price series for a large number of commodities in the years 1540 to 1830, but no overall aggregate. The extensive volumes of the Agrarian History of England and Wales all contain considerable price evidence. But the years 1200 to 1914 are covered by six different volumes all of which treated price information differently. The medieval volumes have individual price series constructed by David Farmer, but again no aggregate series. The volumes for 1500-1640 and 1640-1750 both give overall price indices constructed by Peter Bowden. But because of the untimely death of A. H. John the 1750-1850 volume gave only price series for individual commodities. The volume for 1850-1914 has a general series constructed by Bethany Afton and Michael Turner starting in 1867. Thus there is no continuous series available most of the years 1209-1914, which include those of the reputed agricultural revolution.

This paper constructs such an index that combines the available published price series and collections with archival sources. The main published sources of prices before 1750 have been Thorold Rogers (1866, 1882, 1888, 1902), Beveridge (1939), and the series compiled by David Farmer for the Agrarian History of England and Wales, volumes 2 and 3 (Farmer (1988, 1991b)). The main sources thereafter have been the series published in the Agrarian History of England and Wales volumes 6 and 7 (John (1989), Afton and Turner (2000)), and the Board of Trade Report of 1903 (Parliamentary Papers (1903)). But these sources have been supplemented with prices from printed churchwarden’s and town treasurer’s accounts, and from the printed records of the Carpenters Company (Marsh (1915-39)). Beveridge also accumulated much unpublished material for the projected second volume of his Price History which would deal with the manorial era. Most of this unpublished price material, now at the Robbins Library at LSE has been incorporated. For the most important commodity in the years before 1500, wheat, the underlying data from the Farmer series was obtained from the Farmer Archive at the University of Saskatchewan Library, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and combined with other sources such as Thorold Rogers, and Beveridge’s Exeter prices to form a new series. Prices for hay, firewood and timber were also collected for the years after 1780 from a variety of archival sources, including the King’s College, Cambridge, Mundum Books.

The Method of Construction The index aimed for here is of the price of the net output of products of the agricultural sector of the economy. Thus products such as oats and hay that were used, for example, as animal fodder within the farm sector will get less weight than they would if the index was

weighted by gross output. The price index was formed as a geometric index of the prices of each component, with the assumed output shares of each commodity used as weights. That is, if pit is the price index for each commodity i in year t, and αi is the output share of commodity i, then the overall price level in each year, pt is calculated as,

pt = ∏ pit

αi

i

Thus it assumes constant shares in the value of output for each item as relative prices change from year to year. This means that if the relative price of an item such as wheat increases in a given year then it assumed to be because the relative supply of wheat by the farm sector has dropped proportionately. This assumption seems particularly appropriate for the years before the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 when farm imports were limited. After 1846, when imports increasingly dominated, the logic of weighting in this way is no longer compelling, but for consistency the geometric index is employed throughout. A more common way of constructing price indices is to use an arithmetic weighted index of the form

pt = ∑ α i pit i

where the αi are again the output shares of commodity. This index assumes that even when the relative price of an item increased in a given year its relative output was unchanged. An arithmetic weighted index thus will show more year to year fluctuations in prices. The component price series have been constructed in a standard fashion. Prices from different sources were combined into a single series by running regressions of the form ln( pikt ) = ∑ α t Dt + ∑ β k DUNITk + ∑θ i DLOC i + ε ikt t

k

i

Where the Dt’s are a set of indicator series for each year, the DUNITk’s are indicators for the unit of measurement and the DLOCi’s are indicators for the location or the quality of the output. The logarithmic form was chosen to allow for consistent proportional differences in the level of prices across different price series as a result of measurement or quality differences. The reason for doing this is that even with agricultural commodities there could be considerable quality differences. Thus the average price of butter, in pence per pound, in the years 1815-1827 from five different sources utilized was as follows: Irish Imports, 4.87, Bethlem Hospital, 12.87, Greenwich Hospital, 9.52, Lord Steward (King’s household), 19.87, Navy Victualling, 9.43. The king, unsurprisingly, got better butter than did the inmates of the insane asylum (though the inmates did better than sailors in the navy)! And butter imported by the barrel from Ireland was a lot cheaper than butter bought by institutions by the pound. In earlier years prices typically come from accounts that ran from Michaelmas (September 29) to Michaelmas. Where the date within the year is not given these prices have been attributed to the year of the following January since most of the account falls in that calendar year.1 The weights of the different products changed over time, in the way discussed below. Thus the overall index was composed by splicing together the various sub-period indices, generally using a five year overlap to establish the relative levels. Appendix table 5, lists the various price sources and the numbers of place-years of price data they contribute.

1

By contrast Beveridge and Thorold Rogers both date prices according to the calendar year of the beginning of the account year.

Output Weights The shares of commodities in net output in English agriculture changed over time. Since the price of individual commodities moved in different ways, the weighting thus matters to the movement of the overall price index. There are a number of sources on weights for the late nineteenth century, after agricultural statistics were established in 1866.2 Before 1866 the weightings have to be inferred indirectly. Since before the late eighteenth century there were few imports or exports of food products I infer some of the weightings of farm output from the consumption patterns of workers in mid-nineteenth century England. Henry Rew, for example, estimates that in 1892 the British population consumed 12 lbs. of cheese, 15 lbs. of butter and 15 gallons of milk per capita (Rew (1892), p. 272). This implies relative weights for cheese, butter and milk for the years before 1866 of .2, .39 and .41 based on relative prices in the nineteenth century. Rew (1904) also reports on late nineteenth century studies of meat consumption relative to dairy products. One important consideration is the much greater importance of wood products before 1760. In the years after 1810, as witnessed by charity farmland holdings, timber was a small share of output from English agriculture: construction timber was mainly imported. Further coal had replaced firewood as the main source of heat and energy. But before the great rise of coal output and of timber imports in the eighteenth century, all the wood for construction and most of the energy for heating homes, making bricks, and smelting iron was produced domestically. Wood output must have been a much greater share of agricultural production. I estimate, for the reasons enumerated below in the section on wood and fuel, that 10 percent of output from English agriculture in the years before 1760 was wood. Since wood land required little labor input, the gross output per acre had to be much higher on arable and pasture land to equalize

rental values between woodland and arable and pasture. This implies that as much as 15-20 percent of the land area before 1760 was devoted to wood production, though much of this would be timber and fuel in hedgerows. Because the computation is complex the weights were first constructed as sub-weights for a series of largely arable products (grains, straw, potatoes, hops, mustard seed, saffron), for a series of largely pastoral products (meat, dairy, tallow, wool, hay and eggs), and for wood (faggots, bark, timber). For the arable component of the index the weights employed by subperiod are given in table 1. For the years between 1540 and 1867 these weights are largely guesses. For the medieval period we actually get quite reasonable information on relative outputs from manorial accounts, though there are important uncertainties about how much of gross output was consumed as fodder within the farm sector. Table 2 gives the weights used within the “meat” component of the index, which also includes tallow. Table 4 shows the weights used to combine “meat”, dairy, wool, eggs and hay into a general pasture index. Here the weights were kept largely unchanged over time, except that the share of wool in pasture output was set at 10 percent before 1883, and 7 percent after. The final index was a combination of arable, pasture and wood with the weights here given in table 5. The weighting before 1867 is again speculative. But since after the end of free trade initially the bulk of food imports was of arable products the assumption has been that before 1850 arable was typically about 10 percent more of output than pasture. Finally in earlier years, before extensive timber imports, the development of the coal industry, and the widespread use of brick for building purposes it is assumed that agriculture had to supply both the needs for energy and for construction materials in the forms of firewood and timber for building.

2

Fletcher and Turner discuss these weightings.

Arable Product Prices Appendix table 1 gives the detailed price series for eleven arable products, counting saffron as arable. Hops prices are quoted net of the excise tax levied between the 1660s and 1860s.3 In constructing an index of arable prices overall where individual price quotes were missing the index was interpolated using the prices of the other products. Within the arable sector relative prices changed significantly over the years. Figure 1 shows, as a 10 year average, the prices of barley, peas and oats, relative to wheat. After 1810-9, with increasing imports of grains into Britain, from Ireland and from Europe and later the Americas, the relative prices of all other grains increased steadily relative to wheat. From 1200 to 1800 the general trend is a modest decline in other grain prices relative to wheat. Campbell et al. (1993) report the kcal content per bushel of various grains if they were completely milled. These imply, for our bushel measure, that a bushel of barley had 82% of the calorie content of a bushel of wheat, while a bushel of oats had 74% of the calorie content.4 This in turn implies that throughout the pre-industrial period both barley and oats were a much cheaper source of food energy than wheat. In the years before 1350 oats cost only 54% as much per calorie as wheat. From 1350 to 1550 the cost was only 47% in calorie terms. Only in the late nineteenth century did the relative costs of barley and oats approach their relative calorie content. The relatively high prices of wheat calories in the pre-industrial period seems to reflect just the constraints of arable rotations in Europe where it was impossible to produce a wheat crop more than once every three or four years on arable land, despite the strong preference for wheat in consumption. Thus the poor ate porridge and the rich wheat bread.

3

The details of the tax were obtained from Dowell (1884).

4

Campbell et al. (1993), p. 41.

Pasture Prices Appendix table 2 gives the detailed price series for eleven pasture products (where I have including eggs in pasture). In forming these series into an overall pasture series the butter, cheese and milk/cream series were first formed into a dairy series (weighting each series equally), and beef, mutton, pork, bacon, tallow and eggs were formed into a meat series (weighting as in table 2). Before 1600 it is very hard to find meat prices by the pound as most meat was sold by the animal, or the joint. Peter Bowden uses these animal prices to estimate the movement of meat prices (Bowden (1967)). But an unstated assumption in that case is that the weights of animals did not change over time. Here I prefer to extend the meat price series in earlier years by using the prices of tallow, an animal product sold by the pound, and of eggs. Appendix table 4 shows these meat and dairy series, in each case set to average 100 in 1860-9. As with arable outputs the relative prices of the different pastoral outputs were changing over time. Figure 2 shows pasture prices relative to the cost of hay, which indexes the cost of fodder, a major cost in the production of animal products, with 1860-9 set to 1. Interestingly there is little trend in this series all the way from 1600-9 to 1910-4. A pound of meat or a gallon of milk cost the same relative to a ton of hay in the early twentieth century as in the early seventeenth century. If there had been major gains through animal breeding in the efficiency with which animals converted fodder into animal products then we would expect to see these ratios fall over time. Thus the price series here suggest little productivity growth in the pastoral sector in the years 1600-1914. Before the sixteenth century, however, pasture outputs were relatively expensive compared to hay, suggesting possible improvements in livestock breeding and husbandry practices in these years. Thus the relative price of pastoral products compared to hay was between two and three times as great in 1300-99 as in 1600-99. This implies that

sometime in the sixteenth century there must have been significant gains in the efficiency of the production of pastoral products. Figure 3 shows the ratio of arable to pasture prices by decade. From 1209 to 1500 there is little change in this ratio. But from 1500 to 1600 arable prices rose much more than pastoral prices. Since the inputs for arable and pasture were not that dissimilar it implies that productivity growth was much greater in the pastoral sector in these years. After 1600 the ratio of arable to pastoral prices changed little until the 1810-19 decade. Again this implies little change in the relative productivity of the arable and pastoral sectors in these years. After the 1810s the prices of arable products fall steadily relative to those of pasture. This fall pre-dates the well known decline in arable relative to pasture prices of the late nineteenth century.5 The source of this longer term decline in relative arable prices is at least in part the increasing importance of imports of foodstuffs and raw materials. Before refrigerated ships arable products were more easily transportable so imports reduced arable prices more. Also Britain seems to have had a comparative advantage in the production of pastoral products. Thus as imports increased and arable prices fell relative to pasture prices English agriculture became increasingly focused on pastoral production. But these price trends may also reflect in part differential productivity gains in the arable and pastoral sector of the farm economy, with the arable gains greater. For a lot of land in England can be used for either arable or pasture, so if there had not been some gains in relative arable productivity an even more complete conversion to pasture crops would have occurred.

5

See Turner (2000), pp. 302-5.

Wood Products The wood index was constructed as an equally weighted index of firewood (faggots, bavins, billets, etc. as well as turf) and of construction wood. Construction timber was sold by the cubic foot, the load, and the ton. The load was sometimes 50 cubic feet of wood, and sometimes 40. The construction timber series was constructed as the price per cubic foot of timber. The principle woods mentioned are oak, ash and elm. Oak was more expensive than ash or elm and this is controlled for in the regression estimates. Material described as “timber” was used though this may also have covered planks and other more manufactured outputs. Because of a scarcity of prices in some years “deals” prices were included even though these are manufactured timber products. Firewood was sold in various forms. The price here is given as the average price in shillings per “hundred” bundles of faggots, where “hundred” probably means 120. Appendix table 3 gives the price series each type of wood, and for wood overall as an index. Now that we have price series for timber and firewood we can consider the likely share of output from wood production in pre-industrial England. By the 1860s coal consumption per person in England and Wales was nearly 3.5 tons per year. Most of this was not consumed for domestic heating, but coal consumption per capita for domestic purposes was at least 0.73 tons (Church (1983, p. 19) reports this figure for 1855). Coal used for domestic consumption is estimated for Britain in 1700 at as low as 0.2 tons per capita (Hatcher (1983, p. 68, p. 409)). Incomes were lower in 1700, as Clark (2003) shows. But if we assume an income elasticity of demand for fuel of 1, and that the relative price of fuel and other goods did not change then consumers in 1700 would be expected to consume at least the equivalent of 0.5 tons of coal per capita. Thus they would have to consume the equivalent of 0.3 tons of coal in the form of wood

and turf. Assuming that a pound of coal contains 12,000 Btu. and a pound of wood (dry weight) 8,600 Btu., and also that a cubic foot of firewood weighs 29.4 pounds, this implies that agriculture in 1700 should have been producing 2.3 million tons of firewood (dry weight), the equivalent of 175 million cubic feet of firewood.6 Wood was also used for fuel in brick making, iron and steel, salt making and pottery making. Iron production in England in the early eighteenth century was a very modest 17,000 tons annually. Yet each ton seems to have required about 1,800 cubic feet of wood. That implies that 30.6 m. cubic feet of firewood were used for iron production each year in 1700. Thus in total we expect the agricultural sector would have had to produce at least 200 million cubic feet of firewood per year circa 1700. The construction industry in the 1860s imported annually into England the equivalent of 6.9 cubic feet of timber per person.7 Again with an income elasticity of 1 the average person in 1700 would consume nearly 5 cubic feet of construction timber. That would imply that agriculture produced 27 million cubic feet of construction timber circa 1700. To estimate how many acres of land this required and the value of this output is difficult because of the irregularity of measures of firewood. This, as noted, was often sold by the hundred faggots (which actually equaled 120) where the size of the bundle and its density is unknown. Alternately it was sold as the load of faggots or billets, the load of firewood, or occasionally by a recognized volume measure such as the cord. Thus to estimate the amount of land required and the cost per unit of energy for firewood I instead use modern estimates of the productivity of coppiced woodland in England as a basis for the estimate. The average reported annual yield of coppiced wood of different species in recent years, including an allowance for the 6

On the weight of wood per cubic foot see Rollinson and Evans (1987).

small branches which would be bundled into faggots, is 1.27 tons per acre of dried wood, or 92.5 cubic feet of wood.8 To produce 200 million cubic feet of firewood annually through coppices in 1700 would thus require 2.16 million acres of land devoted to firewood and iron production (330,000 acres for iron production alone). As a check on this method we can also consider the cost of a Btu derived from firewood compared to a Btu derived from coal. In 1700-1749 the average retail cost per million Btu for coal was 9.03 d. The output of firewood per acre Q, measured in cubic feet, must be such that

=>

Rent

=

pQ - wL - rK

Q

=

(Rent + wL + rK)/p

The average rental of land (including tithe and taxes) was about 9 shillings per year (Clark (2002)). I assume, somewhat arbitrarily, that 25 percent of the cost of firewood was in cutting, binding and carting. Since firewood was cut only once every 12 years or more, there was also a considerable capital cost involved in production of such fuel. The rent had to be paid long in advance of receipts. When all this is factored in the value of firewood per acre would have to average 14 shillings per year to produce a net rent of 9 shillings. This implies that a cubic foot of firewood sold for 1.82 d in 1700-49. Consequently firewood cost 0.062 pence per dry pound, or 7.18 d. per million Btu. This implies that energy from wood and coal had about the same cost per btu before 1700, but that after 1700 at the time when coal was increasing greatly in use, its cost per btu was also rising relative to wood. Figure 4 shows, for comparison, the price per million Btu from of coal compared to the price per million Btu from firewood by decade from 1480-9 to 1860-9. 7

This is assuming that UK imports were distributed according to population except that the Irish consumed half as much per head because of lower incomes. 8 See Begley and Coates (1961), Evans (1984), Rollinson and Evans (1987). Hammersley (1973), pp. 604-5, notes that woodland can produce “up to 100 cubic feet per year.”

In part the strange price behavior of wood relative to coal after 1700 may be explained by the fact that coal and firewood sold in different markets: coal in cities such as London where people were concentrated and transport was cheap, firewood in the smaller towns and the countryside close to the sources of firewood where transport costs were minimized. Oliver Rackham estimates that firewood was rarely consumed more than 20 miles from where it was produced.9 The cost of firewood in London may have been much greater than I estimate here where I assumed cutting and carting costs were only 25 percent of the final delivered cost. A final check on the reasonableness of these production and acreage estimates comes from the price of firewood per cord at Harting in Sussex in the early eighteenth century, one of the few occasions where the price was given by a clear volume. Assuming a cord contained 80 cubic feet of actual timber (as in modern estimates), the average price of 8.4 shillings per cord implies a price of 1.26 d. per cubic foot, which is even lower than my rent based estimate of 1.82 d. Figure 5 below just shows an index of coal, firewood and construction wood prices relative to the general price index for farm output from 1500 to 1829 as a way of comparing trends in costs. Firewood and coal were both relatively cheap compared to all farm output in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and both got relatively expensive in the early eighteenth century. Construction timber was more expensive per cubic foot than firewood, and production rates must have been much lower. Here I can again estimate the number of acres required by comparison of the price per cubic foot circa 1700 (about 11.5 d.) with the annual rent and tithe of land. Since construction timber was cut only once every 25 years or more, the capital cost involved in production of such wood was greater. But cutting and carting costs were said to be somewhat lower. Assuming that cutting and carting costs were 20 percent of the final cost of 9

Rackham (1980), p. 144.

timber, this again implies that the net value of output per acre would have to be about 14 shillings to produce a net rent of 9 shillings. This implies output would be only 14.7 cubic feet per acre. Thus the 27 million cubic feet of construction timber would have required an additional 1.84 million acres of woodland. Adding firewood and construction timber we find that at least an implied 4 million acres of land was devoted to wood and fuel production circa 1700, or 15 percent of the farmland area of England and Wales. About half the output was for each type of product. Thus I weight the wood index equally for firewood and construction timber.

The Overall Index The last column of appendix table 4 reports the overall annual price index. Figure 6 shows how this index compares with the Bowden indices for the years 1500 to 1749. Even though the series have important common components there is a fair amount of divergence from that series by year and by longer periods. In particular prices on the Bowden series rise by about 20 percent more between 1500 and 1750 than they do on this new series. Table 5 shows the Bowden index by decade relative to the new index. As can be seen deviations by decade are significant for the sixteenth century. These deviations imply that attempts to measure productivity growth in English agriculture using the ratio of input prices (rents, wages and returns on capital) to output prices would show much less productivity growth from 1500-1750 on the Bowden series than on the new series constructed here. For the other period where we have other series to compare with this new series, the fit is better. The new series corresponds reasonably well with series constructed by Bellerby, and by Afton and Turner for 1867-1914. Figure 7 shows these other two series relative to the new one

for these years. But even though here all three series use substantially the same data, differences in the weighting of the component series, the treatment of the data, and the splicing of individual series, still lead to some deviations even within this relatively short period. Thus prices decline about 10% more on my new series between the 1860s and the 1890s than on the Afton and Turner or Bellerby series.

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Table 1: Weights of the arable components of the index by period.

1209-1550 1551-1760 1760-1850

Wheat Rye Barley Oats Peas Beans Potatoes Hops Straw Mustard Seed Saffron

.530 .000 .244 .108 .049 .000 .000 .000 .049 .010 .010

.450 .018 .234 .126 .018 .018 .000 .027 .100 .010 .000

.418 .018 .212 .109 .018 .018 .051 .027 .128 .000 .000

1851-82

1883-1914

Price 1860-9

.406 .000 .206 .107 .016 .016 .115 .030 .103 .000 .000

.219 .000 .219 .193 .016 .016 .184 .051 .102 .000 .000

6.269 s./bu. 4.379 s./bu. 2.892 s./bu. 4.768 s/bu. 5.087 s/bu. 6.039 s/cwt 137.52 s./cwt. 21.65 s/ton -

Sources: Post 1851, Fletcher (1961) and Turner (2000), pp. 283-295. 1551-1851 weights were obtained by keeping the grain and straw proportions similar to those post 1851, but reducing the potato and hops output. For 1200-1550 weights were obtained from the production figures derived from manorial accounts in Clark (1991).

Table 2: Weights of the components of the “meat” index by period.

Period

Beef

Mutton

Pork

Bacon

Tallow

Eggs

1209-1549 1550-1849 1850-1882 1883-1914

0.00 0.30 0.29 0.31

0.00 0.30 0.24 0.19

0.00 0.20 0.24 0.35

0.00 0.05 0.08 0.00

0.67 0.10 0.10 0.10

0.33 0.05 0.05 0.05

Prices 1860-09

6.675 d./lb.

6.346 d./lb.

6.521 d./lb.

16.313 d./lb.

5.071 d./lb.

8.352 d./doz.

Sources: Post 1851, Fletcher (1961) and Turner (2000), pp. 283-295. Pre-1851 Clark (1991).

Table 3: Weights of the Components of the Pasture Index by period.

Period

Meat

Dairy

Wool

Hay

1209-1759 1760-1849 1850-1882 1883-1914

0.49 0.53 0.57 0.50

0.22 0.22 0.23 0.28

0.24 0.15 0.10 0.07

0.05 0.10 0.10 0.15

Prices, 1860-9

-

-

21.39 d./lb

96.1 s./ton

Sources: Post 1849, Fletcher (1961) and Turner (2000), pp. 283-295. Pre-1850, Clark (1991).

Table 4: Weights of the Components of Farm Output Index by period. Period

Arable

Pasture

Wood

Cider/Honey

1209-1539 1540-1759 1700-1759 1760-1849 1850-1882 1883-1914

0.60 0.60 0.50 0.54 0.50 0.32

0.30 0.32 0.40 0.44 0.50 0.68

0.08 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.00 0.00

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sources: Post 1849, Fletcher (1961) and Turner (2000), pp. 283-295. Pre-1850, see text and Clark (1991).

Table 5: The Bowden Farm Price Index relative to the New Index by Decade

Decade

1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740

Bowden/Clark (set equal to 1.00 in 1740-9)

0.78 0.80 0.77 0.79 0.83 0.80 0.84 0.90 0.92 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.84 0.85 0.83 0.89 0.85 0.86 0.92 0.89 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.99 1.00

Figure 1: Barley, Peas and Oats Prices Relative to Wheat, 1209-1909

Source: Appendix table 1.

Figure 2: Pasture Output Prices relative to Hay Prices, 1300-1900

Source: Appendix table 3.

Figure 3: Arable Prices Relative to Pasture (1860-9 = 100)

Figure 4: Coal and Firewood Prices (d. per m. btu)

Figure 5: Wood Prices Relative to all Farm Prices, 1260-1860

Figure 6: The Bowden Index compared to the new index.

Note: The two indices are set to equality in the decade 1741-50. Source: Appendix table 3. Bowden (1967). Bowden (1985).

Figure 7: Price Indices for 1867-1914

Sources: Appendix table 3. Afton and Turner (2000), pp. 1910-1911.

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices Year

1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249

Wheat (s./bu.)

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

Oats (s./bu.)

Peas (s./bu.)

0.29

0.21

0.10

0.22

0.36 0.28

0.24 0.18

0.12 0.11

0.35 0.25

0.24

0.16

0.12

0.20

0.30 0.46 0.52 0.52 0.39 0.54

0.18

0.12

0.33

0.38 0.34 0.24 0.33

0.18 0.18 0.14 0.16

0.43 0.40 0.34 0.39

0.22 0.29 0.61 0.50 0.58

0.17 0.39 0.36 0.36

0.10 0.18 0.19 0.20

0.22 0.37 0.72 0.53

0.46 0.43 0.38

0.32 0.27

0.18 0.18

0.46 0.40

0.38 0.38 0.42

0.21 0.30

0.16 0.22

0.30 0.39

0.25 0.35 0.65 0.62 0.34

0.16 0.22 0.42 0.47 0.22

0.12 0.16 0.25 0.26 0.15

0.25 0.29 0.62 0.69 0.27

Beans (s./bu.)

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289

Wheat (s./bu.)

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

Oats (s./bu.)

Peas (s./bu.)

0.35 0.36 0.54 0.35 0.31

0.33 0.24 0.43 0.21 0.19

0.19 0.27 0.14 0.14

0.46 0.33 0.60 0.29 0.29

0.75 0.85

0.52 0.54

0.26 0.29

0.72 0.75

0.32

0.22

0.44

0.37 0.31

0.20 0.17

0.44 0.36

0.27 0.39 0.34 0.45 0.61 0.46 0.51 0.54 0.40 0.54 0.43 0.37 0.40 0.37 0.39 0.51 0.50 0.35 0.44 0.37 0.23 0.27

0.17 0.27 0.27 0.22 0.29 0.26 0.29 0.29 0.27 0.32 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.28 0.26 0.26 0.22 0.27 0.24 0.17 0.19

0.28 0.53 0.60 0.62 0.83 0.67 0.75 0.64 0.44 0.79 0.60 0.42 0.49 0.48 0.61 0.57 0.72 0.46 0.51 0.48 0.26 0.30

0.45 0.47 0.51 0.44 0.42 0.47 0.46 0.52 0.40 0.54 0.61 0.85 0.85 0.61 0.77 0.80 0.63 0.81 0.57 0.52 0.63 0.61 0.77 0.77 0.76 0.52 0.65 0.51 0.32 0.36

Beans (s./bu.)

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

11.09

7.37

6.00

5.00 4.39

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329

Wheat (s./bu.)

0.56 0.74 0.65 0.69 0.96 1.01 0.98 0.61 0.75 0.62 0.62 0.59 0.58 0.53 0.46 0.64 0.60 0.52 0.65 0.82 0.88 0.93 0.58 0.57 0.63 0.79 1.75 1.72 0.90 0.48 0.59 0.71 1.47 1.04 0.78 0.86 0.59 0.45 0.54 0.73

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

0.37 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.54 0.61 0.67 0.41 0.50 0.57 0.44 0.37 0.37 0.27 0.34 0.43 0.45 0.40 0.44 0.50 0.58 0.53 0.43 0.41 0.45 0.54 1.05 1.12 0.62 0.33 0.39 0.52 0.87 0.64 0.43 0.59 0.42 0.32 0.33 0.37

Oats (s./bu.)

0.24 0.29 0.25 0.28 0.26 0.32 0.26 0.19 0.31 0.31 0.26 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.18 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.34 0.35 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.79 0.47 0.31 0.22 0.22 0.33 0.39 0.32 0.24 0.35 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.27

Peas (s./bu.)

0.47 0.63 0.63 0.46 0.70 1.07 0.88 0.63 0.67 0.62 0.51 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.44 0.58 0.63 0.53 0.48 0.68 0.84 0.68 0.53 0.48 0.55 0.56 1.61 1.50 0.83 0.36 0.48 0.48 0.95 0.82 0.50 0.72 0.55 0.54 0.47 0.71

Beans (s./bu.)

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

8.00

6.00 5.00

4.95 3.33

4.67 4.98 6.18 5.42

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

Wheat (s./bu.)

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

Oats (s./bu.)

Peas (s./bu.)

1330 1331 1332

0.74 0.81 0.90

0.44 0.50 0.60

0.25 0.31 0.37

0.58 0.85 0.93

1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369

0.61 0.50 0.51 0.57 0.51 0.43 0.39 0.68 0.46 0.52 0.48 0.68 0.44 0.49 0.82 0.77 0.49 0.71 0.97 1.30 0.63 0.53 0.69 0.74 0.77 0.84 0.71 0.77 0.74 0.59 0.86 1.08 0.85 0.65 0.64 0.89 0.83

0.40 0.34 0.35 0.39 0.35 0.26 0.20 0.39 0.33 0.36 0.36 0.44 0.34 0.36 0.51 0.52 0.26 0.45 0.70 0.80 0.61 0.70 0.32 0.50 0.56 0.58 0.67 0.59 0.69 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.66 0.72 0.57 0.60

0.26 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.13 0.19 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.27 0.21 0.24 0.28 0.29 0.16 0.29 0.46 0.48 0.44 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.37 0.35 0.29 0.25 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.33 0.29 0.28 0.32 0.33 0.34

0.65 0.48 0.44 0.44 0.34 0.27 0.53 0.44 0.40 0.42 0.55 0.39 0.44 0.65 0.61 0.34 0.53 0.78 0.85 0.82 0.40 0.43 0.55 0.89 0.69 0.54 0.48 0.65 0.67 0.82 0.69 0.54 0.48 0.69 0.71 0.74

Beans (s./bu.)

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

3.54

3.08 1.84 1.38

3.33 6.32

2.07

4.00

1.67 2.42

18.00

2.42 2.59 2.76 2.42

19.00

3.03

13.33

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409

Wheat (s./bu.)

1.82 0.86 0.74 0.93 0.67 1.06 0.98 0.53 0.47 0.46 0.71 0.74 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.51 0.64 0.53 0.43 0.41 0.71 1.05 0.61 0.39 0.45 0.46 0.53 0.75 0.65 0.60 0.67 0.84 1.06 0.72 0.54 0.51 0.43 0.49 0.69 0.80

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

1.12 0.76 0.51 0.58 0.45 0.60 0.64 0.47 0.37 0.32 0.39 0.41 0.39 0.39 0.46 0.39 0.40 0.36 0.29 0.27 0.40 0.68 0.41 0.32 0.33 0.40 0.39 0.46 0.54 0.40 0.44 0.45 0.66 0.51 0.42 0.37 0.34 0.32 0.39 0.47

Oats (s./bu.)

0.50 0.36 0.26 0.30 0.26 0.35 0.36 0.25 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.27 0.24 0.23 0.29 0.26 0.28 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.26 0.38 0.25 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.28 0.35 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.30 0.29 0.24 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.24 0.34

Peas (s./bu.)

1.24 0.72 0.44 0.60 0.55 0.70 0.81 0.49 0.46 0.44 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.43 0.57 0.53 0.69 0.37 0.37 0.40 0.50 0.84 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.48 0.53 0.60 0.61 0.55 0.51 0.54 0.64 0.68 0.41 0.41 0.47 0.42 0.48 0.53

Beans (s./bu.)

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

6.00 12.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 17.49 18.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 13.33 13.33 13.33 13.33 13.33 14.60 13.82 6.67 14.00

3.73

1.13

12.59 14.00 12.00 10.32 14.00 16.00 19.60 18.47 18.00 18.00 18.00 15.16

2.50

14.69 13.73 14.00 14.00

2.39 2.62

2.52 2.45 2.54 2.76 2.16 2.53 2.56

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449

Wheat (s./bu.)

0.95 0.68 0.58 0.55 0.51 0.52 0.74 0.97 0.66 0.82 0.54 0.75 0.59 0.47 0.50 0.57 0.51 0.46 0.47 0.84 0.83 0.68 0.48 0.77 0.58 0.54 0.66 0.62 1.14 1.35 0.87 0.43 0.47 0.48 0.47 0.43 0.66 0.69 0.60 0.58

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

0.61 0.48 0.39 0.34 0.37 0.39 0.50 0.56 0.39 0.37 0.43 0.39 0.34 0.40 0.35 0.34 0.36 0.34 0.30 0.44 0.46 0.34 0.32 0.40 0.44 0.33 0.27 0.29 0.44 0.78 0.51 0.27 0.27 0.32 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.30 0.31 0.33

Oats (s./bu.)

0.32 0.31 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.29 0.28 0.25 0.22 0.29 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.24 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.32 0.29 0.23 0.19 0.23 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.31 0.35 0.22 0.16 0.16 0.27 0.21 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.18

Peas (s./bu.)

0.76 0.64 0.50 0.42 0.50 0.56 0.62 0.57 0.69 0.29 0.56 0.55 0.39 0.39 0.56 0.42 0.46 0.37 0.37 0.46 0.97 0.46 0.69 0.70 0.56 0.49 0.49 0.46 0.57 1.05 0.68 0.43 0.34 0.49 0.43 0.35 0.49 0.49 0.36 0.40

Beans (s./bu.)

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

2.64 2.84 2.58 2.32

2.67 1.58 1.83 1.67

2.94 2.75 2.22 2.90 3.05 3.29 1.93 1.97 2.64 2.27 2.82 2.26 1.94 2.24 2.39 2.50 1.97 2.50 2.97 2.49 2.44

1.15 1.33 0.67 1.50 1.17 1.00 1.53 0.83 1.17 1.00

1.00 0.92

2.50 0.67

Saffron (s./lb)

13.49 14.00 13.66 12.00

14.00 10.16 17.33 17.00 14.00 11.83 10.00 11.45 13.86 14.00

9.49 13.64 13.33

16.00 2.21 2.32 2.75 2.39 2.25 2.99 2.91 2.53 1.99 2.21 1.99 3.15 1.89

1.63

14.67

1.50

1.02

2.00 1.05

13.33 16.24 9.33 13.33 9.20 11.55 13.96

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489

Wheat (s./bu.)

0.62 0.71 0.73 0.62 0.52 0.49 0.60 0.61 0.76 0.73 0.62 0.88 0.90 0.50 0.42 0.51 0.52 0.66 0.70 0.72 0.73 0.78 0.69 0.52 0.50 0.54 0.66 0.64 0.82 0.87 0.65 0.69 0.93 1.19 0.84 0.63 0.58 0.72 0.71 0.71

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

0.31 0.33 0.31 0.32 0.39 0.32 0.33 0.29 0.30 0.28 0.34 0.43 0.39 0.37 0.24 0.49 0.41 0.37 0.27 0.31 0.29 0.34 0.32 0.34 0.40 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.27 0.34 0.33 0.58 0.59 0.46 0.38 0.29 0.38 0.33 0.41

Oats (s./bu.)

0.18 0.19 0.18 0.22 0.23 0.18 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.23 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.15 0.15 0.22 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.15 0.15 0.19 0.16 0.21 0.16 0.18 0.27 0.22 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.17 0.22

Peas (s./bu.)

0.33 0.44 0.32 0.33 0.49 0.39 0.29 0.46 0.34 0.34 0.48 0.54 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.36 0.78 0.34 0.44 0.36 0.39 0.58 0.54 0.42 0.36 0.39 0.39 0.49 0.49 0.54 0.58 0.85 0.92 0.78 0.59 0.52 0.51 0.33 0.36

Beans (s./bu.)

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

2.31 2.62 2.52 2.55 2.74 2.70 3.73 2.06 2.84 2.52 1.76 3.57 1.66 4.56 2.86 2.14 1.89 2.39 2.56 2.50 2.39 1.44 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.27

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

1.83

1.42 1.41 1.47 1.25

1.35

4.00

0.92 0.71

2.14 1.89 2.29 2.63 2.52 1.53

1.67

Saffron (s./lb)

12.00 8.33 5.85 6.67 11.54 10.41 15.32 13.06 11.15 11.48 10.92 10.00 13.33 12.67 14.24 14.98 12.00 9.09 12.70 13.82 10.67 13.33 16.67 11.05 17.82 13.33 13.27 13.33 9.25 20.57 11.16 21.77 8.16 11.25

2.00 14.93

1.90 2.05

14.60

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529

Wheat (s./bu.)

0.70 0.74 0.75 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.50 0.76 0.67 0.67 0.58 0.92 0.97 0.85 0.88 0.71 0.68 0.71 0.75 0.39 0.45 0.53 0.75 1.11 0.71 0.66 0.85 0.58 0.79 0.74 1.02 1.13 0.89 0.84 0.81 0.63 0.63 0.82 1.87 1.12

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

0.33 0.38 0.37 0.39 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.39 0.32 0.38 0.41 0.38 0.27 0.32 0.40 0.33 0.24 0.26 0.60 0.57 0.31 0.49 0.42 0.43 0.39 0.45 0.61 0.47 0.33 0.30 0.33 0.34 0.50 0.79 0.77

Oats (s./bu.)

0.19 0.19 0.22 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.21 0.20 0.26 0.26 0.20 0.23 0.21 0.25 0.23 0.27 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.22 0.22

0.27 0.23 0.25 0.29 0.35 0.31 0.25 0.27 0.38 0.27 0.32 0.50 0.25

Peas (s./bu.)

Beans (s./bu.)

0.40 0.58 0.43 0.39 0.32 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.61 0.36 0.53 0.55 0.34 0.45 0.40 0.43 0.42 0.34 0.35 0.47 0.66 0.49 0.52 0.66 0.68 0.84 1.12 0.69 0.62 0.70 0.70 0.79 1.06

0.30 0.27 0.28 0.38 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.25 0.25

0.38 0.73 0.45 0.32 0.40 0.29 0.46 0.58 0.78 0.62

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

1.94 2.04 1.93 1.90 1.90 2.61 2.74 2.09 2.41 2.97 2.12 2.01 2.54 2.19 2.55 2.66 2.02 1.81 2.09 2.45 1.77 1.90 2.06 2.39 2.15 2.35 2.37 2.82 2.94 3.41 2.17 3.41 2.52 1.92 2.01 2.22 1.64 2.75 2.99 1.72

0.91

0.77 1.25

0.75 1.00 2.36

0.92 1.25 1.70

1.75 2.00 1.49 1.50 1.65 3.11 2.44

Saffron (s./lb)

18.47 14.60 17.52 8.72 14.97 18.21 21.33 17.82 11.55 11.63 8.54 10.38 6.71 9.42 17.85 18.47 26.40 18.67 10.60 11.15 13.75 13.33 14.67 12.53 11.53 13.99 11.76 16.00 14.17 14.60 11.55 17.33 34.67 16.65 16.00 18.43 19.60 15.49

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569

Wheat (s./bu.)

1.16 1.25 1.17 1.12 0.88 1.12 1.24 1.12 0.86 0.82 0.85 1.05 1.03 1.09 1.31 1.56 2.08 0.89 0.75 1.22 1.91 2.47 1.89 1.38 1.34 1.85 2.79 3.15 1.19 1.50 1.55 1.93 1.95 1.94 2.33 1.51 1.57 1.63 1.49 1.61

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

0.50 0.44 0.49 0.59 0.49 0.42 0.56 0.40 0.36 0.43 0.54 0.56 0.48 0.66 0.39 0.45 0.96 0.56 0.43 0.65 0.56 0.93 0.69 0.69 0.77 1.05 2.23 1.91 0.73 1.25 0.94 0.75 1.09 0.99 0.94 0.83 0.89 1.47 1.15

Oats (s./bu.)

0.32 0.37 0.41 0.39 0.34 0.42 0.37 0.40 0.32 0.36 0.32 0.41 0.34 0.37 0.37 0.44 0.56 0.43 0.35 0.43 0.97 0.74 0.68 0.67 0.82 0.83 0.90 1.66 0.57 0.60 0.59 0.80 0.88 0.78 0.74 0.54 0.83 0.74 0.83 0.80

Peas (s./bu.)

Beans (s./bu.)

0.66 0.51

0.42 0.37 0.36 0.51 0.61 0.43 0.59 0.42 0.46 0.49 0.46 0.48 0.60 0.58 0.53 0.65 0.69 0.51 0.49 0.53 1.05 1.21 1.03 0.85 0.71 0.84 1.69 2.42 0.62 0.78 0.84 1.32 1.28 1.37 1.17 0.68 1.06 1.00 1.07 1.09

0.69 0.70 0.70 0.67 0.55

0.69 1.08 0.71 0.87 0.99 0.61 0.57 0.71 1.70 1.23 1.38 0.82 1.35 1.54 2.57 3.35 1.14 0.87 1.13 1.29 2.23 2.08 1.47 0.95 1.22 1.31 1.55 1.35

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

24.48

18.25 15.82 21.96 23.98 25.78 31.25 42.09 47.19

22.01 26.48 36.90 24.11 25.26 31.12 40.23 42.81 38.60 85.66 38.34 24.09 53.37 64.44 60.41

Straw (s./load)

1.76 2.06 2.43 3.25 2.48 2.15 2.42 2.58 2.30 2.90 2.55 2.47 2.65 2.09 2.53 2.39 2.34 2.99 2.70 2.99 3.61 4.35 5.20 4.33 5.04 6.09 3.16 4.93 4.35 3.67 4.81 4.99 6.75 9.86 7.53 5.07 5.31 6.01 6.30 6.31

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

2.67 3.27 1.00 1.29 0.83 1.63 3.33 2.75

Saffron (s./lb)

8.33 45.21 19.31 12.00 18.62 32.00 16.74 16.65 22.56 13.33

1.00 2.00 2.65 1.63 1.67 3.00 2.74 2.58 2.00 1.75 3.00 2.67 4.08 2.00 1.17 2.20 3.08 7.00 4.00 3.87 2.00 2.50 3.33 3.61

14.93 12.00 10.00 17.33 26.67 26.67 28.44 26.67 29.33 24.00 24.00 19.32 22.31 21.83 18.67 21.33 28.34 48.00 42.67 32.00 28.28 27.36 32.00 26.67 29.33

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609

Wheat (s./bu.)

1.61 1.35 1.79 1.97 2.78 1.95 2.07 2.28 1.98 2.03 1.65 2.40 2.29 2.06 1.92 2.35 3.28 3.14 2.00 2.23 2.79 2.57 2.01 2.32 3.37 4.21 4.77 5.83 4.79 2.97 3.20 3.20 2.89 3.05 3.01 3.26 3.06 3.34 4.81 4.58

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

0.79 0.71 0.93 0.94 1.47 0.94 1.01 1.20 1.26 0.96 0.97 1.21 1.11 1.04 1.08 1.05 1.51 1.20 1.16 1.05 1.46 1.87 1.11 1.13 1.26 2.00 2.11 2.90 2.11 1.57 1.74 1.96 1.42 1.19 1.24 1.62 1.57 1.52 1.95 2.14

Oats (s./bu.)

0.67 0.66 0.70 0.74 0.87 0.71 0.72 0.78 0.76 0.60 0.84 0.67 0.74 0.83 0.85 0.81 0.98 1.34 1.05 1.15 1.31 1.59 1.17 0.88 0.92 1.61 1.56 1.84 1.47 1.14 0.96 1.78 0.83 0.86 1.07 1.13 1.16 1.14 1.17 1.37

Peas (s./bu.)

1.11 1.07 1.09 1.88 2.03 1.65 1.27 1.35 1.40 1.41 1.54 1.36 1.64 1.57 1.63 1.67 2.40 2.49 1.61 1.91 2.20 3.23 1.99 1.69 1.75 2.74 2.38 3.44 3.07 1.91 1.99 2.78 2.76 1.93 1.98 1.78 2.06 2.14 2.40 2.79

Beans (s./bu.)

0.76 0.73 0.70 1.20 1.53 1.15 0.89 1.09 1.04 0.85 1.07 0.99 1.18 1.12 1.19 1.10 1.68 1.81 1.16 1.29 1.54 2.22 1.44 1.19 1.30 1.95 1.82 2.77 2.26 1.27 1.21 1.88 2.00 1.30 1.36 1.36 1.60 1.25 1.54 2.17

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

80.78 54.63 63.93 54.29 57.10 40.28 42.63 43.99 37.49 37.47 81.17 57.16 54.13 44.11 43.79 46.57 57.26 49.65 42.64 54.98 85.45 35.28 65.78 90.50 45.70 40.54 62.50 42.91 46.65 41.69 51.52 54.41 99.08 169.39 104.80 90.31 95.40 89.58 128.86 66.54

Straw (s./load)

4.98 5.07 5.74 5.97 5.49 4.87 4.92 5.75 5.30 5.65 6.45 7.26 6.60 6.29 6.84 6.43 6.79 7.25 5.08 4.84 6.72 9.13 7.38 7.85 9.38 12.10 9.09 10.45 9.61 7.51 9.62 10.63 9.05 8.24 8.70 7.85 13.44 12.43 11.90 10.75

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

2.17 2.08 3.33 4.00 5.00 4.50 4.67 4.00 2.75 3.00

2.75 5.00 2.75 3.00 2.00 3.75 3.38 7.26 6.00 3.00 3.19 3.50 3.78 5.49 4.04 5.68 3.50 5.02 4.04 3.35 4.08 4.08 4.04 4.67 5.81 4.08

Saffron (s./lb)

22.63

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

Wheat (s./bu.)

1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649

3.49 3.77 3.98 4.56 4.57 3.93 3.89 4.63 4.47 3.55 2.98 3.52 4.80 4.95 4.23 4.70 4.43 3.66 3.31 3.75 5.01 5.75 4.92 4.77 4.90 4.83 4.76 4.88 5.09 4.12 3.74 4.45 4.04 4.30 4.06 4.04 4.51 6.33 7.31 6.79

Rye (s./bu.)

3.12 3.12 3.47 3.47 3.22 3.15 3.25

4.69 4.70 5.10 4.69 2.71 4.70 5.09

Barley (s./bu.)

Oats (s./bu.)

Peas (s./bu.)

Beans (s./bu.)

1.81 1.65 2.06 2.25 2.28 2.22 2.16 1.86 1.82 1.57 1.36 1.47 2.37 2.36 1.86 1.97 2.13 1.54 1.63 2.17 2.70 2.88 2.33 2.34 2.62 2.36 2.37 3.15 3.25 2.26 2.00 2.19 2.10 1.79 1.89 2.11 2.30 3.09 3.48 3.16

1.28 1.31 1.78 1.52 1.65 1.70 2.02 1.30 1.27 1.22 1.24 1.12 1.35 1.25 1.25 1.31 1.65 0.97 1.27 1.37 1.84 2.06 1.35 1.42 1.62 1.50 1.61 1.90 1.91 1.42 1.14 1.47 1.38 1.62 1.16 1.26 1.54 1.79 2.55 2.01

2.76 2.28 3.01 3.00 2.98 2.89 3.61 2.48 1.92 2.03 2.04 2.24 3.07 2.54 2.21 2.52 2.80 1.76 2.29 2.95 3.55 4.56 2.58 2.50 3.23 3.07 3.42 4.33 4.44 2.95 2.06 2.81 2.13 2.66 1.77 2.54 2.42 3.09 4.35 4.58

1.74 1.57 2.53 2.71 2.68 2.23 1.72 1.32 1.49 1.70 1.76 2.48 1.87 1.74 1.85 1.96 1.53 1.92 2.62 2.28 2.35 2.14 2.98 2.98 4.13

3.34 1.85 1.76 2.28 2.04 1.56 3.15 3.07 2.68

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

58.04 29.86 38.23 57.71 50.91 76.77 67.10 76.39 75.08 111.34 97.06 123.19 101.80 94.04 48.03 39.97 44.19 68.04 98.05 165.95 65.71 59.98 68.88 102.33 101.94 100.63 98.56 98.08 88.98 60.57 58.63 81.44 107.15 196.72 85.61 71.29 49.70 63.19 102.06 101.95

12.41 10.93 19.16 16.12 11.48 12.98 14.87 12.29 10.73 13.63 12.82 14.84 15.11 13.80 12.86 13.45 12.74 12.74 12.83 13.87 17.22 15.99 13.34 13.81 14.94 14.96 15.97 15.96 19.31 13.67 10.94 17.79 14.99 13.57 15.57 14.99 12.82 15.35 19.74 16.69

4.08 4.92 10.55 5.82 5.69 4.40 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 8.53 5.26 4.85 4.76 5.32 7.64 6.96 6.71 8.24 10.78 8.27 9.69 9.69 9.69 9.69 8.04 7.63 8.81 7.78 8.04 8.53 8.53 7.50

Saffron (s./lb)

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689

Wheat (s./bu.)

6.49 5.98 4.94 3.64 2.79 2.71 4.17 4.44 5.63 5.93 5.42 6.19 6.73 4.93 4.80 4.14 3.35 3.08 3.30 4.36 3.93 4.01 3.77 4.11 5.93 5.21 3.47 3.73 4.77 5.02 3.99 4.40 4.12 4.00 4.14 4.36 3.41 3.48 2.93 2.85

Rye (s./bu.)

3.39 3.91 3.91 3.47 6.25 4.17

3.12 1.74 1.96 2.21 3.12 3.12

3.65 4.86 3.39 2.34 3.47 2.60 2.34 2.08 4.17 3.47 2.60 3.43 2.60 3.65 2.08 2.08 2.34

Barley (s./bu.)

2.67 2.30 2.19 2.17 1.57 1.59 2.01 2.54 2.50 2.81 2.51 2.85 3.01 2.55 2.14 2.00 1.76 1.77 1.77 2.20 2.07 1.80 1.71 1.97 2.72 2.34 1.84 2.25 2.16 2.05 1.76 2.06 2.42 2.05 2.15 2.14 2.21 1.92 1.71 1.50

Oats (s./bu.)

2.41 1.42 1.80 2.05 1.27 1.13 1.31 1.59 1.63 2.11 1.55 1.50 1.95 1.67 1.52 1.47 1.46 1.15 1.37 1.28 1.34 1.44 1.19 1.30 1.43 1.52 1.33 1.49 1.43 1.38 1.28 1.50 1.63 1.43 1.56 1.60 1.57 1.33 1.28 1.11

Peas (s./bu.)

Beans (s./bu.)

5.25 3.01 3.74 4.13 3.01 2.40 2.72 3.44 3.24 3.29 3.21 2.96 3.43 3.14 2.99 2.14 2.76 2.11 2.19 2.33 2.68 3.13 2.19 2.87 3.49 2.77 2.60 3.09 2.76 2.42 2.74 2.60 3.12 3.21 2.64 3.95 2.90 2.03 2.78 1.97

2.38 2.02 4.00 1.67 1.67 2.24 2.08 2.76 2.38 2.46 1.63 2.27 2.25 2.39 1.64 1.99 2.15 1.81 1.95 2.29 2.33 1.92 1.99 2.78 2.31 2.00 2.29 2.50 1.87 2.10 2.08 2.76 2.24 2.47 3.29 2.68 2.37 2.38 1.65

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

179.70 46.05 114.99 72.62 117.30 136.30 134.00 177.90 105.17 104.38 71.75 77.12 62.53 64.58 104.04 86.20 135.91 78.19 76.04 69.44 75.80 68.30 71.85 144.42 112.00 104.24 122.37 75.41 60.60 54.06 43.64 99.38 112.00 89.18 110.05 120.90 134.97 196.85 108.82 66.02

16.12 13.38 14.05 15.80 14.13 15.93 18.60 19.29 14.66 12.38 14.93 14.18 14.64 14.79 14.10 15.30 20.17 16.01 10.56 13.82 13.40 13.38 13.19 15.22 14.84 14.83 12.18 16.23 14.27 15.41 14.77 15.10 15.29 14.24 14.48 23.91 15.51 12.07 15.21 10.41

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

Wheat (s./bu.)

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

Oats (s./bu.)

Peas (s./bu.)

Beans (s./bu.)

1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729

3.27 3.11 4.45 5.44 5.32 4.34 5.27 5.93 6.69 5.65 4.24 3.38 2.93 2.88 3.72 3.10 2.89 2.97 3.89 6.63 6.92 4.77 4.13 4.39 5.22 3.69 4.38 4.17 3.66 3.30 3.98 3.72 3.49 3.72 3.55 4.28 4.81 4.32 5.84 4.94

2.34 2.34 2.80 3.12 3.12 2.86 2.60 4.17 4.56 3.12 2.86 2.08 1.96 1.96

1.40 1.33 1.76 2.56 2.18 1.98 2.12 2.30 2.70 2.81 2.11 1.80 1.85 1.67 1.78 1.63 1.92 2.02 2.27 2.65 2.85 2.57 2.17 2.00 2.35 2.41 2.16 2.04 1.90 2.23 2.65 2.28 1.83 1.90 2.34 2.28 2.29 2.48 3.22 2.88

1.26 1.23 1.42 1.69 1.54 1.42 1.56 1.31 1.70 1.53 1.68 1.32 1.42 1.33 1.35 1.42 1.64 1.28 1.60 1.59 1.56 1.55 1.64 1.46 1.51 1.42 1.41 1.37 1.35 1.42 1.62 1.40 1.25 1.28 1.63 1.42 1.37 1.37 1.66 1.81

2.07 1.79 2.21 3.31 3.32 2.82 3.21 3.16 3.60 3.53 3.49 2.24 2.64 2.17 2.42 2.36 3.04 2.40 2.23 3.41 3.95 3.68 3.37 2.88 2.98 3.20 2.71 2.50 2.45 2.49 3.66 2.43 2.33 2.53 3.31 3.33 2.71 3.05 2.99 3.03

1.69 1.78 2.12 2.64 2.55 2.75 3.02 2.60 2.93 2.87 2.62 1.64 1.94 1.94 2.02 1.96 2.09 2.14 2.51 2.16 2.41 2.44 2.29 2.01 2.51 2.76 2.41 2.17 2.09 2.22 2.74 2.23 1.86 2.11 2.52 2.42 2.50 2.20 2.66 2.73

2.08 2.88 5.21 3.86 3.50 2.84 3.33 3.38 2.82 2.64 2.76 2.47 2.29 2.68 2.27 2.15 2.76 2.84 3.21 3.39 3.73 4.44 3.53

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

45.79 42.33 69.11 70.50 77.34 112.44 179.54 203.59 240.82 208.85 115.90 68.34 113.56 88.31 72.81 147.66 110.63 109.04 98.79 97.79 143.93 120.34 71.47 89.11 147.43 167.40 146.74 138.32 91.26 154.67 93.28 75.72 50.97 89.35 101.71 103.75 136.69 69.63 65.84 63.04

14.40 12.22 14.68 14.81 14.81 13.34 14.61 14.61 15.20 22.03 16.01 13.53 14.23 15.43 17.26 14.29 15.43 13.94 15.85 13.32 14.82 15.99 14.16 14.13 15.58 13.89 13.89 14.66 14.47 14.66 16.39 16.54 13.61 13.15 15.25 14.90 17.20 17.94 15.81 15.81

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769

Wheat (s./bu.)

3.62 3.18 2.57 2.90 3.62 4.27 4.12 3.52 3.31 3.67 5.04 5.10 3.26 2.68 2.59 2.92 3.61 3.43 3.61 3.58 3.49 3.92 4.41 4.39 3.76 3.45 4.30 6.13 4.91 3.65 3.34 3.24 3.80 4.06 4.80 5.24 4.98 6.39 6.01 4.91

Rye (s./bu.)

2.49 2.30 2.11 2.19 2.78 3.30 2.90 2.68 2.52 2.56 3.97 3.27 2.29 1.91 1.81 2.44 2.65 2.44 2.60 2.55 2.34 2.35 2.78 2.81 2.61 2.47 3.26 4.47 3.02 2.14 2.19 2.23 3.48 3.37 3.48 3.72 4.01 3.84 3.44 3.36

Barley (s./bu.)

2.11 2.13 2.01 1.90 1.88 1.92 2.05 2.22 2.11 2.01 2.44 2.35 2.38 1.97 1.81 1.60 1.59 1.58 1.86 2.07 1.86 1.99 2.05 2.20 2.13 1.85 2.14 3.03 2.71 1.98 1.98 1.76 2.12 2.82 2.71 2.67 2.76 3.09 2.67 2.13

Oats (s./bu.)

1.43 1.34 1.36 1.27 1.33 1.46 1.51 1.62 1.53 1.33 1.77 1.80 1.57 1.47 1.25 1.47 1.32 1.19 1.28 1.72 1.55 1.59 1.62 1.47 1.59 1.48 1.64 1.98 1.88 1.36 1.42 1.40 1.59 2.04 1.77 1.80 2.04 1.96 1.81 1.63

Peas (s./bu.)

Beans (s./bu.)

2.43 2.30 2.28 2.02 2.30 2.41 2.40 2.64 2.94 2.37 2.95 3.73 2.53 2.33 1.89 2.04 2.17 1.99 2.03 2.28 2.10 2.28 2.38 2.58 2.81 2.21 2.49 3.73 3.20 2.83 2.28 2.46 2.39 3.32 2.62 2.81 3.38 3.43 3.29 2.77

2.39 2.38 2.24 2.19 2.21 2.24 2.12 2.61 2.58 2.31 2.66 3.01 2.56 2.06 1.91 1.88 1.88 1.84 2.02 2.27 2.33 2.60 2.51 2.36 2.45 2.24 2.53 3.32 2.97 2.25 2.33 2.31 2.56 3.25 3.02 2.93 3.31 3.04 2.70 2.89

Potato (s./cwt.)

2.52

2.52

2.75 3.29 4.36 3.01 3.03 3.51 3.31 3.01 1.88

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

57.80 83.98 140.63 163.94 122.25 114.26 109.76 144.46 88.23 56.55 74.39 70.37 63.30 63.23 83.99 125.25 150.11 99.43 97.15 107.02 119.11 92.03 92.75 83.43 71.11 55.31 57.01 69.18 69.28 97.40 135.25 80.90 65.81 70.07 61.71 173.04 122.63 78.89 114.33 93.46

15.81 17.10 18.42 10.99 13.77 11.86 18.39 17.38 20.35 14.87 15.90 17.17 18.29 16.86 13.73 13.14 15.26 12.99 12.47 15.70 14.92 12.95 14.02 20.53 20.80 17.03 20.42 21.24 18.19 18.60 20.62 17.78 18.74 24.19 23.04 26.71 24.35 18.55 19.10 21.46

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

Wheat (s./bu.)

1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809

4.72 5.85 6.37 6.48 6.58 6.21 4.75 5.41 5.31 4.17 4.35 5.71 6.10 6.55 6.20 5.62 4.99 5.22 5.62 6.31 6.64 5.97 5.49 5.98 6.24 8.05 9.74 6.73 6.56 7.84 12.86 14.84 8.22 7.15 7.25 10.49 9.56 9.47 9.39 11.64

Rye (s./bu.)

3.70 4.87 5.06 4.07 4.45 4.25 3.51 3.58 3.33 2.84 2.70 3.53 3.61 4.27 4.23 3.64 3.45 3.66 3.48 3.83 4.15 4.13 3.72 4.52 4.88 6.00 6.03 4.16 4.04 4.56 7.11 9.87 5.38 4.62 4.65 6.78 6.04 6.26 7.23 7.09

Barley (s./bu.)

2.23 2.95 2.99 3.36 3.46 3.22 2.63 2.39 2.63 2.36 2.14 2.08 2.69 3.62 3.46 3.01 3.09 2.83 2.80 2.74 3.01 3.15 3.43 3.95 4.10 4.19 4.34 3.61 3.69 4.13 6.92 8.69 4.55 3.26 3.72 5.94 5.10 5.24 5.26 5.70

Oats (s./bu.)

1.70 2.03 1.98 2.04 2.11 2.05 1.88 1.83 1.74 1.74 1.66 1.69 1.76 2.43 2.25 2.07 2.30 2.05 1.99 1.90 2.32 2.26 2.23 2.61 2.83 3.11 2.79 2.21 2.42 3.23 4.44 4.49 2.47 2.61 2.94 3.44 3.34 3.44 4.04 3.81

Peas (s./bu.)

Beans (s./bu.)

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

2.88 3.50 3.91 3.95 3.86 3.72 3.57 3.60 3.84 3.52 3.15 3.41 3.12 4.09 3.73 3.68 3.93 4.00 3.47 3.31 3.67 3.70 3.92 4.72 5.56 6.26 5.39 3.79 3.64 4.73 7.86 7.92 4.55 4.57 4.72 5.42 5.54 7.38 10.90 9.80

2.75 3.16 3.52 3.55 4.00 3.35 3.14 3.29 3.03 2.78 2.60 2.70 2.86 4.27 3.91 3.79 4.34 4.01 3.14 3.02 3.82 3.55 3.95 4.18 4.21 5.29 4.56 3.10 3.42 5.14 7.43 7.84 4.17 3.87 4.46 5.29 5.26 5.56 6.66 7.12

1.88 2.24 2.59 2.14 2.50 2.24 2.06 2.34 2.61 2.14 2.34 3.71 2.92 3.28 2.54 2.03 2.46 2.40 1.80 2.21 1.93 3.02 2.12 1.79 2.61 4.13 2.52 2.45 2.24 2.96 6.38 4.73 2.52 2.99 2.86 2.24 2.38 2.80 3.36 3.22

147.54 121.87 170.55 148.53 145.98 97.31 105.97 89.27 97.82 62.11 61.29 62.65 63.08 131.16 113.21 111.40 104.52 128.11 192.12 152.54 127.57 109.48 117.52 109.88 217.55 100.30 117.27 124.24 124.48 279.94 374.67 322.40 91.09 171.17 108.30 108.54 155.82 116.19 95.43 90.20

22.03 20.08 24.23 29.89 24.15 30.10 30.68 34.21 20.53 21.54 24.42 25.09 22.69 21.88 35.41 23.94 32.48 27.81 26.69 29.97 22.83 23.05 26.37

44.25 38.38 23.38 38.00 43.50 49.00 38.12 50.17 34.25 53.62 37.25 55.92 42.38 39.75

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

Wheat (s./bu.)

1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849

13.05 11.73 14.38 13.46 9.68 8.14 8.89 12.16 10.82 8.84 8.26 7.21 5.63 6.23 7.57 8.49 7.19 6.73 8.26 7.51 8.22 7.71 7.00 6.53 5.35 4.77 5.88 6.77 7.83 8.57 8.04 7.80 6.94 6.07 6.21 6.16 6.63 8.46 6.12 5.37

Rye (s./bu.)

7.43 5.66 9.18 9.59 5.97 5.08 5.09 6.95 6.84 6.98 5.20 4.10 2.83 3.98 5.18 5.28 5.14 5.02 4.27 4.35 4.48 5.00 4.32 4.11 4.09 3.79 4.17 4.34 4.39 5.25 4.62 4.59 4.12 3.82 4.24 4.06 4.38 6.12 3.80 3.21

Barley (s./bu.)

5.83 5.12 8.09 7.09 4.53 3.67 4.11 5.98 6.53 5.55 4.10 3.15 2.65 3.82 4.41 4.85 4.16 4.56 3.98 3.94 3.95 4.61 4.01 3.33 3.52 3.63 3.98 3.68 3.81 4.79 4.42 3.98 3.33 3.58 4.08 3.84 3.96 5.36 3.82 3.36

Oats (s./bu.)

3.47 3.34 5.39 4.67 3.11 2.86 3.29 3.93 3.93 3.42 2.93 2.36 2.19 2.78 3.01 3.11 3.23 3.42 2.73 2.76 2.96 3.07 2.48 2.23 2.54 2.67 2.80 2.80 2.72 3.14 3.11 2.72 2.33 2.22 2.50 2.73 2.87 3.48 2.49 2.12

Peas (s./bu.)

Beans (s./bu.)

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

6.89 5.81 8.31 9.91 6.54 4.97 4.44 6.33 5.91 6.68 5.11 3.84 3.14 3.73 4.37 5.69 5.69 6.04 4.69 4.22 4.52 4.86 4.54 4.30 4.47 4.34 4.36 4.60 4.50 4.72 5.28 4.81 4.19 3.75 3.75 4.31 4.58 5.45 5.09 4.14

6.75 5.83 8.49 9.74 5.75 4.57 3.95 5.77 7.24 7.42 5.41 4.55 3.71 3.66 4.39 5.31 5.73 6.78 5.15 4.84 4.75 4.92 4.57 4.12 4.26 4.51 4.56 5.11 4.50 4.89 5.39 5.08 4.53 3.58 4.13 4.69 4.80 6.01 4.76 4.04

3.15 3.01 4.24 5.20 3.30 3.30 3.48 3.97 4.04 4.18 3.57 3.46 4.47 2.96 3.59 3.84 4.20 3.97 2.77 3.43 3.79 3.59 2.39 3.30 4.59 3.72 3.51 4.80 3.11 5.98 4.64 4.06 4.20 2.70 4.00 3.47 5.11 10.18 4.06 7.30

124.85 173.13 150.15 262.79 198.55 186.35 220.02 340.82 305.13 91.43 78.62 61.07 73.26 138.52 156.85 370.10 152.04 97.40 93.87 141.86 236.16 117.30 146.70

57.67 70.75 56.42 40.83 42.33 35.75 44.04 39.12 50.50 58.17 31.00 33.50 40.33 44.75 51.80 47.50 42.75 41.80 33.12 35.38 47.50 34.00 37.75 30.50 31.25 39.50 32.00 39.00 42.00 39.50 38.00 41.25 37.75 49.50 31.25 37.25 32.50 32.25 27.00 31.50

105.05 117.30 91.58 78.10 78.10 62.18 168.75 102.60 165.69 147.92 86.68 68.92 91.58 220.20

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889

Wheat (s./bu.)

4.88 4.67 4.94 6.46 8.78 9.05 8.39 6.83 5.36 5.30 6.46 6.71 6.72 5.43 4.87 5.07 6.05 7.81 7.73 5.84 5.69 6.87 6.91 7.11 6.76 5.48 5.60 6.88 5.63 5.31 5.38 5.50 5.47 5.04 4.32 3.98 3.76 3.94 3.86 3.61

Rye (s./bu.)

2.91

Barley (s./bu.)

2.91 3.08 3.55 4.12 4.48 4.32 5.10 5.23 4.31 4.16 4.55 4.49 4.36 4.21 3.72 3.70 4.65 4.97 5.34 4.90 4.30 4.50 4.64 5.02 5.59 4.78 4.37 4.93 4.99 4.22 4.11 3.97 3.87 3.96 3.81 3.74 3.30 3.15 3.45 3.21

Oats (s./bu.)

1.99 2.25 2.31 2.55 3.38 3.32 3.05 3.03 2.97 2.81 2.96 2.88 2.74 2.57 2.44 2.65 2.98 3.15 3.41 3.15 2.77 3.05 2.81 3.08 3.50 3.48 3.18 3.14 2.95 2.64 2.80 2.64 2.65 2.60 2.46 2.50 2.30 1.97 2.03 2.15

Peas (s./bu.)

Beans (s./bu.)

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

Straw (s./load)

3.36 3.19 3.58 4.51 5.46 5.39 4.97 4.71 4.82 4.53 4.69 4.28 4.35 4.10 4.11 4.29 4.39 4.80 5.18 4.53 4.37 4.59 4.55 4.55 4.86 4.84 4.57 4.49 4.13 4.04 4.26 4.23 4.14 4.13 3.62 3.52 3.27 3.06 3.05 3.43

3.68 3.58 3.80 3.77 5.62 5.54 5.15 5.23 5.04 5.05 5.16 5.01 4.39 4.38 4.61 5.02 5.48 5.34 5.81 5.34 5.24 5.18 4.91 5.17 5.75 5.51 4.91 4.44 4.86 4.71 4.96 4.82 4.73 4.62 3.98 3.75 3.79 3.87 3.72 3.81

4.72 5.11 5.11 4.20 4.12 5.27 4.66 5.90 5.04 4.87 6.27 6.99 6.43 5.55 4.76 5.05 5.68 7.08 6.48 6.12 6.96 6.36 6.82 7.11 6.56 6.04 7.15 7.34 6.84 7.37 7.27 6.71 7.26 7.18 6.80 6.54 6.23 6.96 6.50 7.05

152.82 270.42 130.78 315.74 206.92 179.44 108.59 109.52 94.17 92.37 160.25 166.00 156.54 131.91 162.11 138.42 164.76 136.43 74.05 84.74 83.25 101.64 124.25 122.02 158.05 115.06 113.32 116.30 92.94 115.31 114.31 117.05 230.37 208.50 156.31 93.19 72.32 73.31 91.95 88.97

24.75 25.25 26.00 29.50 35.50 28.25 26.00 27.25 27.50 26.50 32.25 34.00 36.00 31.00 27.50 30.00

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

Appendix Table 1: Arable Prices (cont.) Year

1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914

Wheat (s./bu.)

3.87 4.49 3.67 3.19 2.77 2.80 3.17 3.66 4.12 3.11 3.26 3.24 3.41 3.24 3.44 3.60 3.43 3.71 3.88 4.48 3.84 3.84 4.21 3.84 4.23

Rye (s./bu.)

Barley (s./bu.)

3.57 3.51 3.25 3.18 3.04 2.73 2.85 2.92 3.37 3.18 3.10 3.13 3.19 2.82 2.78 3.02 3.00 3.12 3.21 3.33 2.87 3.38 3.81 3.38 3.37

Oats (s./bu.)

2.25 2.42 2.40 2.27 2.07 1.76 1.79 2.05 2.23 2.06 2.13 2.23 2.45 2.08 1.98 2.10 2.22 2.28 2.16 2.29 2.10 2.28 2.61 2.31 2.54

Peas (s./bu.)

Beans (s./bu.)

Potato (s./cwt.)

Hops Net Tax (s./cwt.)

3.44 3.73 3.61 3.31 2.98 3.00 2.96 2.86 3.31 3.42 3.63 3.83 3.81

3.61 4.00 3.75 3.47 3.11 3.19 3.28 3.27 3.55 3.72 3.79 4.10 4.13 4.10 3.77 4.11 4.44 3.19 4.35 4.24 4.46 4.44 4.56 4.49 4.24

6.54 7.49 6.26 6.25 6.92 6.49 6.27 5.50 5.65 5.61 4.84 5.14 4.94 6.50 5.58 8.77 7.97 6.57 6.39 7.52 8.08 9.15 6.85 6.27 10.54

116.05 124.75 127.24 138.67 101.64 73.81 71.07 79.27 104.87 111.58 99.65 98.91 103.63

Straw (s./load)

Mustard Seed (s./bu.)

Saffron (s./lb)

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249

Hay (s/ton)

Cheese (d./lb.)

Butter (d./lb.)

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

0.40

1.39

2.83

0.41 0.44

1.22

2.73 2.28

0.43

2.73

0.37

2.93

0.39 0.43 0.41 0.40

2.68 2.63 2.88 2.63

0.41 0.52 0.44 0.40

1.61 1.82

3.22 3.07 2.78 2.73

0.41 0.48

1.61

4.11 4.26

0.49 0.52

0.95

3.97 3.92

0.47 0.50 0.61 0.47 0.42

1.31 1.43 1.47 3.25

4.11 4.37 4.71 3.77 3.36

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289

Hay (s/ton)

2.02

Cheese (d./lb.)

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

0.51 0.43 0.45 0.48

1.18 1.43 1.26 1.40

0.48 0.48

1.39 1.68 2.79

0.55 0.53 0.56 0.45 0.46 0.60

3.21

Butter (d./lb.)

0.55 0.56 0.53 0.56 0.52 0.51 0.69 0.55 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.62 0.53 0.55 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.45 0.49 0.51 0.51 0.52

0.82 0.94 0.84 0.80 0.84 0.90 1.03 0.84 0.88 0.82

1.05 1.10 1.09 0.85 0.81 0.94 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.86 0.80 0.81 0.91 0.79 1.04

1.68 1.54 2.85 1.71 2.46 2.45 2.56 3.00 2.49 3.00 2.53 3.76 2.40 2.50 3.00 2.79 2.63 3.38 2.47 2.44 2.00 2.57 2.10 2.08

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

3.72 3.72 3.17 3.36 4.66 3.72 3.87 4.66

6.14 4.47 6.14 4.47 4.42 4.91 5.10 5.46 5.15 5.01 4.96 5.15 5.80 6.79 6.50 8.08 7.93 6.55 7.04 5.90 5.75 5.70 5.70 6.19 6.35 6.40 6.55

0.35 0.31 0.26 0.26 0.61 0.31 0.31 0.36 0.41 0.47 0.34 0.42 0.39 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.36 0.44 0.49 0.38 0.33 0.41 0.42 0.37 0.33 0.35

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329

Hay (s/ton)

4.96 5.24 4.29 9.65

4.98 6.24 5.55 5.17 5.35 4.68

3.63 4.66 2.81 1.90 1.49 2.98 5.08 5.62 15.69 5.45 4.29

Cheese (d./lb.)

0.51 0.51 0.52 0.51 0.53 0.59 0.50 0.52 0.49 0.59 0.56 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.51 0.54 0.63 0.53 0.61 0.60 0.70 0.68 0.68 0.65 0.69 0.69 0.78 0.76 0.63 0.58 0.75 0.76 0.67 0.61 0.74 0.83 0.58 0.59 0.63

Butter (d./lb.)

0.85 0.87 0.88 0.83 0.90 0.92 0.85 0.88 0.83 1.16 0.94 0.90 0.86 0.89 0.82 0.73 1.00 1.04 0.95 1.11 1.41 1.38 1.18 1.29 0.98 1.38 1.50 1.33 1.26 1.11 1.29 1.29 1.59 1.57 1.23 1.18 1.21 0.76 1.30 1.20

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

1.44 1.62 1.20 1.34 1.34 1.78 1.44 1.34 1.42 1.35 1.35 1.34 1.31 1.36 1.37 2.00 1.65 1.37 1.37

1.67 1.50 1.78

1.78

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

1.85 2.12 2.09 2.34 2.55 2.74 2.40 2.39 2.19 2.09 3.30 2.66 2.30 2.16 1.60 2.17 2.81 1.86 2.38 3.07 3.19 2.99 3.15 2.52 2.36 2.72 3.33 4.03 4.17 3.32 2.91 2.31 2.93 3.45 3.66 3.49 3.05 2.67 2.43 2.54

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

6.94 6.50 5.66 6.14 5.51 3.77 5.05 4.86 5.70 7.30 6.65 6.19 5.51 5.56 5.70 6.50 7.04 7.49 7.88 8.03 7.39 6.35 5.46 5.85 6.70 6.60 6.31 6.65 7.25 7.13 8.58 9.43 7.44 7.44 7.74 8.13 6.99 7.35 6.74 6.19

0.39 0.33 0.39 0.35 0.39 0.36 0.35 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.41 0.36 0.41 0.43 0.41 0.64 0.16 0.48 0.60 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.51 0.49 0.49 0.69 0.43 0.39 0.45 0.46 0.53 0.54 0.45 0.52 0.52 0.43 0.61 0.45

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369

Hay (s/ton)

6.11 10.16 5.12

Cheese (d./lb.)

5.57

0.65 0.71 0.56 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.55 0.52 0.53 0.48 0.64 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.49 0.46 0.65 0.60 0.53 0.44 0.55 0.65 0.84 0.65 0.64 0.65 0.81 0.67 0.74 0.62 0.76 0.79 0.65 0.51 0.55 0.61 0.60

4.99 3.53

0.61 0.51

6.91 3.84 1.52 1.01 10.60 4.97 3.91 6.29 5.32 3.57 5.19 3.45 5.34 5.57 5.02 3.92 5.98 5.18 3.22 5.25 4.40 5.98

3.92

Butter (d./lb.)

1.06 0.98 0.97 1.00 1.14 1.19 1.18 1.04 1.10 0.93 1.06 1.11 0.96 0.93 1.17 1.47 1.25 1.35 1.17 1.21 1.05 1.05 0.91 1.11 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.17 1.11 1.44 1.27 1.14 1.35 1.29 1.30 1.32 1.30 1.36 1.37

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

1.78

1.60 1.50 1.44

1.32

1.35 1.08 0.82 1.28 1.44 1.61

1.46 1.45 1.23 1.33 1.18 1.15 1.23

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

2.59 2.83 2.62 2.67 2.49 2.49 2.58 2.40 2.26 2.04 2.28 2.23 2.03 2.22 2.32 2.58 2.38 2.78 2.43 2.71 2.36 2.61 2.54 3.03 3.04 2.78 2.65 2.73 2.96 2.83 2.86 2.86 2.78 2.74 2.69 3.02 2.77 2.82 2.83 2.80

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

6.05 6.35 6.14 5.41 4.37 4.66 5.70 4.91 3.82 4.21 4.21 4.26 5.15 4.21 5.41 5.05 5.51 5.05 5.15 3.07 3.87 4.06 4.31 3.97 4.11 4.57 4.16 4.47 4.62 3.62 4.81 4.26 4.76 4.16 4.31 5.61 5.61 6.45 6.31 5.46

0.47 0.45 0.42 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.44 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.39 0.47 0.45 0.45 0.42 0.38 0.39 0.41 0.50 0.49 0.45 0.44 0.50 0.70 0.47 0.53 0.46

0.51 0.46 0.52 0.49 0.42 0.52 0.40 0.46 0.45 0.54

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409

Hay (s/ton)

2.65 6.64 5.18 8.10 5.57 5.44 8.12 4.79 5.19 7.99 6.51 6.86 4.85 5.08 4.64 5.10 4.86 5.14 4.12 5.74 4.14 5.14 4.92 5.39 4.98 6.02 4.28 6.26 5.32 5.81 5.30 5.27 3.29 6.60 5.48 5.98 6.65

Cheese (d./lb.)

0.55 0.52 0.56 0.51 0.56 0.61 0.45 0.56 0.52 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.44 0.56 0.56 0.45 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.45 0.52 0.45 0.56 0.51 0.58 0.53 0.59 0.54 0.52 0.52 0.51 0.47 0.52 0.62 0.47 0.53 0.48 0.52 0.49 0.53

Butter (d./lb.)

1.81 1.02 1.34 1.08 1.18 1.32 1.53 1.19 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.10 1.13

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

1.11 2.07 0.61 0.71 0.71 1.14

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

3.19 2.97 1.23 1.23 1.11 1.23 1.32 1.43

1.00

2.96 3.04 3.10 2.96 2.84 2.47 2.45 2.96 2.96 2.45 3.09 2.32 2.26 2.96 2.96 2.96 3.05 2.96 2.07 2.48 2.63 3.06 2.44 1.48 2.96 2.96 2.96 2.96 2.80 3.02 3.24 2.62

1.00 1.00 1.25 1.00

3.27 3.15 2.93 3.13

1.16 1.16 1.21 1.16 0.80 1.16 0.90 1.23 1.15 1.16 1.46 1.20 1.08 1.07 1.28 1.07

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

1.00 1.00 1.17 1.00 1.25 1.01

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

6.35 6.24 6.65 6.84 7.39 7.25 7.09 8.13 6.94 6.70 6.40 4.91 4.81 5.51 5.41 6.19 4.71 4.52 4.16 4.31 4.37 3.58 4.62 5.20 5.01 4.52 4.96 4.91 5.61 5.31 5.01 4.91 5.10 5.46 6.60 5.05 5.01 6.14 6.00 5.66

0.54 0.52 0.52 0.67 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.62 0.52 0.57 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.57 0.53 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.57 0.53 0.57 0.60 0.57 0.52 0.60 0.54 0.55 0.51 0.55 0.51 0.55 0.51 0.55 0.51 0.51

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449

Hay (s/ton)

5.12 4.77 5.27 6.04 5.15 5.64 5.20 5.79 4.15 7.98 5.21 4.94 6.43 6.99 6.19 6.34 6.25 5.35 6.00 7.09 5.67 6.94 6.65 6.39 6.20 5.69 5.51 6.02 6.71 6.44 5.15 6.70 6.56 9.14 5.73 6.70 7.01 6.17 6.12

Cheese (d./lb.)

0.51 0.51 0.51 0.58 0.53 0.56 0.60 0.45 0.52 0.48 0.56 0.43 0.58 0.52 0.52 0.63 0.61 0.57 0.51 0.56 0.67 0.65 0.52 0.65

Butter (d./lb.)

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

1.00

1.24 1.32 1.24

1.05 1.00 1.00

1.38

1.43

0.83 0.83

1.24

0.44

1.24 0.79 0.79

1.24

0.65 0.79

0.50

1.24

0.65 0.52 0.54 0.42 0.61

1.25 1.51 1.51

1.00 1.00 1.00

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

3.21 3.28 3.16 3.20 3.20 3.23 3.21 3.16 3.04 3.22 3.06 2.99 3.11 3.20 3.06 3.25 3.22 3.33 2.98 3.15 3.16 3.09 3.04 3.13 3.26 3.70 3.41 2.31 3.50 2.98 2.53 2.66 2.58 2.55 2.83 3.04 2.60 2.68 3.00 2.71

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

6.99 6.50 5.80 6.55 5.31 4.91 5.20 4.62 4.01 4.06 4.37 6.19 4.52 3.92 4.21 4.71 4.01 4.42 4.31 5.25 6.70 5.51 5.36 5.41 4.21 4.66 5.05 4.16 4.11 5.46 4.96 5.01 4.91 4.26 4.57 3.72 4.26 5.41 4.31 4.37

0.51 0.54 0.43 0.52 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.49 0.41 0.46 0.51 0.51 0.55 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.55 0.45 0.56 0.53 0.56 0.67 0.56 0.65 0.55 0.56 0.62 0.65 0.62 0.62 0.46 0.65 0.60 0.45 0.41 0.55 0.62

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489

Hay (s/ton)

Cheese (d./lb.)

5.78 7.04 7.87 6.70 5.53 7.14

0.58 0.43 0.59 0.60 0.52 0.50

6.09 5.89 5.00 8.74 5.64 6.05 4.23 3.94 7.91 5.08 5.79 8.31 7.01 7.74 5.26 4.28 5.03 4.83 5.01 6.41 5.46 8.89 9.19 4.52 4.51 5.66 5.12 4.22 4.30 3.55

0.37 0.43 0.43 0.50 0.43 0.43 0.30 0.43 0.46

2.92 5.45

Butter (d./lb.)

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

1.24

1.00

1.45 1.51 1.38 1.51

1.00

1.24 1.51 1.24 1.40 1.16 1.16

0.43 0.37 0.37

1.16

0.47 0.44 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.36 0.37 0.40 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.57 0.42 0.46 0.48

1.62 1.32 1.24 1.24 1.32

1.41 1.45 1.38 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.38

1.00

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

2.40 3.41 1.91 2.74 3.22 2.70 2.47 2.44 2.48 2.44 2.46 2.65 2.47 2.56 2.89 2.62 2.82 2.58 2.75 2.63 2.72 2.62 2.82 2.93 2.57 2.86 2.55 2.41 2.18 2.16 2.38 2.62 1.14 2.29 2.96 3.76

2.79

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

3.82 3.56 3.11 2.49 3.23 3.21 2.89 3.23 3.43 3.40 3.08 3.21 3.74 3.89 4.96 5.31 5.11 5.18 4.10 3.50 3.79 3.70 3.52 3.57 3.43 3.13 3.01 2.91 4.01 3.15 3.49 4.28 5.52 4.13 5.43 5.56 4.25 3.87 3.66 3.90

0.60 0.57 0.61 0.57 0.35 0.62 0.63 0.52

0.35 0.56 0.56 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.56 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.56 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.73 0.60 0.60 0.61 0.60 0.52

0.54

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529

Hay (s/ton)

5.79 6.28 4.32 4.43 5.08 5.62 8.41 7.07 7.22 7.73 5.59 4.97 5.50 5.64 6.54 6.71 4.96 5.46 4.86 6.04 6.82 6.21 5.70 6.38 8.37 5.80 6.26 8.53 7.20 8.00 5.65 4.94 5.43 6.12 6.03 6.25 6.01 7.04 5.16

Cheese (d./lb.)

Butter (d./lb.)

0.41 0.42 0.44 0.38

1.37 1.33 1.33 1.66

0.51

1.32

0.42 0.38 0.44 0.75 0.38 0.38

1.53 1.41 1.59 1.39 1.75 1.40 1.32

0.44 0.44

1.29 1.22 1.26 1.12 1.41 1.56

0.71

1.56 1.56

0.47 0.47 1.41 0.63 0.93 0.88 0.57

1.56 1.56 1.26 1.26 1.31 1.11 1.55

0.61 0.70 0.99 0.59

1.53 1.26 1.32 1.32 1.10

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

1.50 0.71

1.73 1.36 0.71 0.71 0.71 1.19 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.77 1.05 0.77 0.71 0.97 0.71 0.71 0.71 1.00 0.71 0.76 0.71 0.71 1.26 1.22 1.28 1.19 1.22 0.88 1.19 0.56 1.03 1.24

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

2.59 2.53 2.01 2.80 1.97 2.15 1.97 2.75 2.83 2.57 2.05 2.54 2.59 2.62 2.62 2.51 2.25 2.36 1.97 1.96 1.97 1.97 2.15 1.97 2.68 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.03 2.30 2.33 2.30 2.30 2.58 2.30 2.30 2.30

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

3.59 3.08 3.88 3.43 3.83 3.30 3.94 3.93 3.19 3.78 2.99 3.44 3.57 3.27 3.63 3.67 3.12 3.04 3.41 3.79 4.01 4.09 3.86 4.09 4.01 4.47 5.06 4.83 5.29 4.24 4.72 4.39 3.86 4.58 3.52 3.60 4.47 4.72 4.13 4.55

0.66 0.66 0.67 0.63 0.52 0.60 0.80 0.73 0.69 0.58 0.66 0.70 0.95 0.87 0.98 0.73 0.61 0.52 0.63 0.82 0.77 0.87 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62

0.88

2.48

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569

Hay (s/ton)

Cheese (d./lb.)

6.06 6.52 6.81 5.39 6.58 6.30 7.67 7.69 4.82 5.93 6.49 8.72 8.48 8.21 7.57 7.41 7.32 7.07 7.18 11.00 11.37 14.24 11.22 14.31 11.11 19.44 17.52

0.57 0.67 0.54

12.32 9.62 14.50 15.95 18.96 18.18 19.06 15.49 17.52 21.64 22.47 19.90

1.69 1.72 1.75

0.94 1.03 0.50 0.50

1.18 1.10 1.77

Butter (d./lb.)

1.29 1.12 1.11 1.03 1.00

1.26 1.87 1.59

2.56 2.20 2.67

4.01

1.81 1.81 1.37 1.58 1.53 1.55 1.64

3.17 5.07 3.47 3.47 3.86 3.75 3.25 3.15 2.32 2.82 2.89

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

2.30 2.00

0.92 1.81 1.35 1.06 0.97 0.88 1.57 0.99 1.15 1.33 1.06

1.06 1.59 1.24 1.57 1.76 1.89 1.98 2.29 1.96 2.12 3.11 2.47 2.74 2.79 3.03 2.87 3.13 3.36 3.28 3.57 3.00 2.88 3.03 2.91 2.14

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

2.87 2.56 3.07 2.60 1.96 2.37

1.96 2.93 1.96 0.91 1.03 1.30

3.14 2.75

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

3.82 3.27 4.36 4.91 5.48 5.10 4.55 5.63 4.39 4.05 4.20 7.13 5.82 5.63 5.29 6.75 4.72 4.51

1.29 1.25 1.21 1.29

4.12 3.46 4.01 5.52 5.13

6.30 10.54 10.04 7.21 4.64 6.22 5.99 9.84 10.20 4.69 7.08 5.75 8.26 5.63 6.45 5.99 8.22

1.71

4.51 4.30

10.23 8.66

4.35 1.14

7.37 4.15

1.44 1.93 0.58 0.58

1.75 1.60 1.46 1.69 1.75 2.91 2.33 2.04 2.91 2.48 2.91 2.65 2.45 3.60 2.36 2.48 2.91 2.61 3.31 2.51 2.18 2.70 2.61

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609

Hay (s/ton)

14.91 15.75 14.97 17.33 15.96 21.73 18.95 18.89 20.04 16.66 21.31 16.06 19.70 21.30 26.63 15.50 13.66 22.28 15.46 13.86 31.28 24.27 20.08 26.74 19.43 27.38 26.21 23.71 18.41 21.84 32.97 34.79 29.73 26.86 27.45 34.93 28.08 33.48 38.16 37.50

Cheese (d./lb.)

1.40 1.56 1.48 1.33 1.95 1.53 1.75 2.33 1.71 1.50 1.62 1.64 1.68 1.65 1.45 1.72 2.16 1.63 1.80 2.33 2.62

2.02 3.03 2.74 2.25 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.42 2.06 2.53 2.02 1.87 2.16 2.16 2.29

Butter (d./lb.)

3.20 3.47 3.78 2.58 3.01 3.82 3.87 3.48 3.31 3.24 3.20 3.70 3.65 3.27 3.49 4.17 3.63 3.62 4.68 4.18 3.67 3.65 3.75 3.77 4.70 4.07 4.24 4.03 4.46 4.76 4.21 4.25 4.31 4.68 4.61 4.86 4.93

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

1.95 2.12 2.23 2.70 3.19 2.16 2.23 2.27 2.47 2.44 3.12 2.98 2.93 2.65 2.19 2.64 2.60 2.47 2.23 2.57 2.38 2.12 2.48 2.61 2.53 2.74 2.69 2.83 2.76 2.77 2.72 2.65 2.94 2.71 2.47 2.74 3.06 3.06 2.82

1.25 1.21 1.23 1.22 1.45 1.38 1.41 1.43 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.34 1.41 1.31 1.38 1.41 1.72 1.78 1.83 1.79 1.78 2.04 2.12 1.92 1.80 1.91 1.82 1.99 2.15 2.07 2.20 2.01 1.95 1.78 1.82 2.07 1.91 2.00 2.14 2.20

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

2.05 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

4.21 4.38 4.43 4.68 4.68 5.04 5.02 4.86 4.39 4.94 4.16 5.41 4.65 4.98 6.02 5.16 5.20 5.74 6.41 5.97 6.10 6.84 6.38 6.72 6.21 6.17 6.64 6.69 7.18 7.28 6.88 7.91 7.29 6.52 6.72 6.88 7.29 7.22 7.26 7.06

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

8.73 7.10 8.77 7.38 8.22 8.48 8.84 9.42 9.53 9.84 10.50 9.64 8.77 9.93 8.77 7.91 8.03 6.72 7.02 8.14 9.38 11.66 12.08 12.52 12.90 12.97 12.19 12.16 10.46 10.84 10.35 11.11 11.93 13.87 15.45 13.91 13.58 13.35 13.66 12.52

2.33 3.78 2.52 3.52 2.25 2.65 2.19 2.68 1.94 2.11 1.88 1.92 2.36 2.41 2.23 3.40 2.37 2.30 2.38 2.50 3.11 2.35 2.41 2.35 3.48 3.52 3.74 2.51 3.27 3.51 2.82 3.06 2.22 2.42 2.91 2.80 3.25 3.07

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649

Hay (s/ton)

34.41 30.81 34.67 32.23 31.03 42.70 42.25 35.31 34.96 32.69 41.83 37.95 38.45 38.97 33.79 31.02 33.55 29.42 31.18 42.20 32.98 28.36 34.94 47.96 62.27 42.84 57.51 41.53 34.80 40.62 40.58 44.87 55.92 37.04 37.42 36.78 39.85 49.88 60.85

Cheese (d./lb.)

2.26 2.42 2.42 2.29 2.33 2.75 2.33 2.20 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.53 2.42 2.29 2.33 2.33 2.42 2.21 2.29 2.42 2.65 2.42 2.33 2.33 2.42 2.99 2.83 2.92 3.03 2.75

2.50 2.39 2.62 2.58 2.50 4.67 3.19

Butter (d./lb.)

4.45 4.77 5.02 4.94 4.97 4.96 4.97 4.86 4.74 4.64 5.03 4.73 4.82 4.86 4.87 4.38 4.42 4.43 4.72 4.70 5.12 4.72 4.92 4.96 5.07 5.07 5.62 5.80 5.99 5.78 4.92 5.15 5.03 5.20 5.12 5.27 5.60 6.11 6.77 7.75

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

3.28 3.53 3.44 3.68 3.00 3.33 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.19 3.20 3.68 3.20 4.24 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20

3.20 3.20 3.36 4.71 3.26 3.88 3.48 3.20 4.69 4.03 4.69

2.06 2.10 2.11 2.19 2.36 2.51 2.54 2.54 2.44 2.52 2.46 2.34 2.18 2.15 2.35 2.53 2.48 2.50 2.46 2.46 2.39 2.38 2.43 2.42 2.61 2.78 2.61 2.66 2.78 2.75 2.68 2.68 2.61 2.60 2.61 2.59 2.64 2.93 3.10 3.43

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

2.28 2.28 2.28 2.39 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.63 2.73

Bacon (d./lb.)

2.95

2.73 2.73 2.73 2.82 2.55

2.73 2.73 2.73

2.71 3.91 2.90 2.91

8.00 9.00

Tallow (d./lb.)

7.12 8.01 7.44 7.24 7.22 7.40 7.45 6.94 7.09 7.49 7.37 7.23 6.48 6.00 6.85 7.06 7.17 7.32 7.40 7.47 7.12 7.22 7.17 7.30 7.96 8.22 7.63 7.45 7.56 7.47 7.04 7.47 9.08 6.89 7.48 6.72 7.41 8.74 8.66 8.95

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

11.15 10.16 11.24 10.73 11.62 12.90 13.91 15.75 15.01 16.06 15.10 12.67 11.85 10.01 11.85 12.23 14.17 14.13 15.64 15.26 14.74 15.18 15.18 15.05 15.94 16.06 15.90 15.71 15.10 13.91 13.05 13.32 12.75

16.02 18.64 16.02

2.64 3.13 3.76 3.09 0.97 3.00 3.29 2.88 2.94 3.27 2.94 2.85 3.00 2.35 3.28 3.17 2.58 2.84 2.75 3.13 5.12 3.73 3.38 2.94 3.41 3.68 3.55 3.45 2.90 3.18 2.94 3.09 3.21 3.17 2.77 2.62

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689

Hay (s/ton)

74.72 44.93 43.99 55.45 44.98 38.01 42.38 41.40 40.66 43.17 45.65 38.57 38.53 54.43 41.64 47.88 45.42 35.73 34.42 36.63 31.58 45.66 43.43 47.68 40.63 39.19 44.65 46.37 37.76 36.12 49.63 46.66 39.78 39.05 45.26 49.39 40.80 42.74 35.58 39.62

Cheese (d./lb.)

2.49 4.08 1.65 1.98 1.96 2.22 2.45 2.45 2.27 2.60 2.22 2.30 2.12 2.59 2.59 2.33 2.49 3.21 2.57 2.15 2.92 2.33 2.37 2.40 2.76 2.70 2.92 2.08 2.26 2.20 2.04 2.04 1.76 1.98 1.89 2.03 1.75 1.87 1.75 2.06

Butter (d./lb.)

7.74 6.26 5.98 5.53 5.60 4.97 5.85 6.11 6.52 6.91 6.14 5.99 5.83 5.77 6.00 6.36 6.26 6.25 6.49 6.20 6.23 6.04 5.95 6.01 6.23 6.19 5.84 5.90 5.96 6.04 6.01 5.91 6.00 5.86 5.37 6.02 5.41 5.44 5.84 5.63

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

5.25 3.13 5.65

5.19 5.19 5.40 5.24 5.74 4.69 5.19 5.41 4.94 4.71 5.06 5.21 5.64 5.94 6.17 5.64

5.65

8.47 8.47 8.47 5.64 5.64 6.46 5.64

3.31 2.83 2.80 2.84 2.56 2.42 2.43 2.67 2.74 3.03 3.04 2.91 2.93 2.93 2.98 3.09 2.84 2.77 2.72 2.65 2.76 2.72 2.70 2.82 2.76 2.91 2.75 2.78 2.81 2.86 2.73 2.88 2.92 2.70 2.92 2.97 2.76 2.76 2.83 2.74

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

3.80 4.09 3.86 3.41 3.17 2.97 2.97 2.97 3.32 3.20 3.26 3.26 3.09 3.09 3.23 3.41 3.15 3.29 3.32 3.15 3.23 3.06 3.06 2.91 3.20 3.06 3.12 3.12 3.12 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.12 3.23 3.41 3.26 3.00 2.97 2.97

Bacon (d./lb.)

3.11

1.88 1.88 1.92 3.01 3.24 3.24 2.92 2.64 3.41 2.45 3.00 3.00

12.00 12.00 10.67 10.00 10.73 10.00 10.00 10.00

2.51 2.51 2.51 2.51 2.51 2.51

9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00

2.51 2.85 2.51 2.75 2.51 2.64 2.51 2.63 2.89 2.95 2.52 2.47 2.60

9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 10.00 10.00 8.50 8.50

Tallow (d./lb.)

8.70 8.47 9.02 8.84 7.21 6.91 6.97 7.43 8.42 8.34 8.70 9.09 8.86 9.71 8.89 8.92 8.93 8.57 7.69 6.55 7.59 7.54 6.72 8.15 8.03 7.85 7.41 8.05 8.01 7.28 7.28 7.63 7.44 7.32 7.41 8.12 7.95 6.68 6.98 7.47

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

12.97 11.88 8.46

8.92 9.10 9.18 8.55 7.57 10.71 9.99 12.06 10.09 8.01

8.01 13.95 8.37 15.04 8.64 7.39 7.74 6.57 12.97 5.31 7.02 10.09 8.28

8.10

6.04

3.52 3.52 3.29

2.85 3.49 3.24 3.57 3.55 4.08 3.32 3.53 3.52 3.75 3.87 3.70 3.24 3.44 3.70 3.82 3.57 3.76 3.49 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.87 3.54 4.58 4.18 4.26 4.26 4.06 4.36

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729

Hay (s/ton)

41.45 43.58 44.01 38.98 35.13 42.31 47.31 43.67 44.79 46.47 46.03 44.58 45.92 48.54 35.42 38.25 40.88 44.94 38.64 35.38 35.59 38.69 38.16 48.08 45.31 41.53 52.73 39.14 42.98 46.55 51.30 40.72 32.75 36.68 46.00 45.09 40.08 40.41 44.20 40.83

Cheese (d./lb.)

2.18 2.28 2.13 2.25 2.32 2.29 2.27 2.27 2.49 2.46 1.75 1.80 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.68 1.98 1.82 1.74 1.87 2.07 2.77 2.00 1.83 1.76 1.70 1.85 1.79 1.76 1.82 1.86 1.96 1.92 1.82 1.81 1.97 1.92 1.96 1.90 2.09

Butter (d./lb.)

5.27 5.45 5.67 6.18 6.24 6.11 6.25 6.08 6.10 5.99 5.65 5.61 5.88 5.74 5.12 4.91 5.90 5.37 5.07 5.43 5.65 7.12 5.65 5.32 4.70 4.24 4.77 4.65 4.89 4.83 4.96 5.04 5.01 4.85 5.06 5.42 5.53 5.66 5.47 5.89

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

5.64 5.64 5.64 5.64 5.64 5.64 5.19 5.19 5.64 5.64 5.64 6.46 5.04 5.04 5.31 5.04 5.04 4.87 4.87 5.04 5.04 4.87 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.27 5.51 5.51 5.51 5.51 5.56 5.49 5.48 5.49 5.46 5.48

2.65 2.66 2.63 2.90 2.85 3.03 3.02 2.97 3.00 2.97 2.82 2.94 2.88 2.84 2.72 2.72 2.74 2.70 2.77 2.78 2.81 2.88 2.88 2.93 2.95 2.96 2.94 3.05 2.90 2.83 3.11 2.81 2.67 2.62 2.86 2.80 2.89 2.83 2.92 3.11

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

2.91 2.85 2.88 3.15 3.17 3.41 3.35 2.97 3.15 3.15 3.03 3.06 3.09 2.79 2.76 2.64 2.61 2.49 2.64 2.64 2.76 2.94 2.91 2.73 2.55 2.79 2.79 3.00 2.94 2.82 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.70 2.76 2.79 2.91 2.85 3.03 3.03

2.87 2.62 2.59 2.83 3.29 3.45 3.34 3.41 3.62 3.60 3.66 3.54 3.35 3.03 2.85 2.90 2.83 2.77 2.96 3.32 4.35 4.29 3.26 3.18 2.90 2.93 3.11 3.08 3.07 2.91 3.27 3.55 2.93 2.55 2.53 3.49 3.49 3.22 3.08 3.70

Bacon (d./lb.)

9.00 10.00 9.73 10.00 12.00 12.00 12.00

10.00 10.00 9.78 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75

Tallow (d./lb.)

7.41 6.99 7.37 7.61 8.30 8.56 8.24 6.95 7.91 7.75 8.18 8.16 8.51 7.67 7.28 7.48 7.50 7.30 6.83 7.42 7.85 7.82 7.29 7.92 7.28 7.35 7.75 8.28 8.15 7.99 7.70 7.88 8.18 7.47 7.69 6.97 7.34 7.64 7.70 7.64

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

5.94 7.21 7.92 8.24 8.24 9.09 11.32 9.90 10.89 10.27 9.45 9.72 9.81 8.55 9.81 7.89 6.88 6.66 5.67 6.39 5.58 6.06 7.11 7.59 7.29 7.21 8.53 10.20 9.53 8.70 8.22 7.28 7.26 6.61 6.10 6.51 6.43 6.81 7.32

3.06 4.13 4.13 3.91 4.44 4.86 4.25 4.27 5.30 5.30 5.30 4.56 4.46 4.07 4.01 4.24 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.25 4.25 5.56 4.42 4.37 3.93 4.55 4.88 4.73 4.86 4.71 4.82 4.61 4.61 4.61 4.61 4.54 4.54 4.54 4.54 4.54

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769

Hay (s/ton)

35.01 46.72 58.14 49.39 37.90 38.27 39.89 45.97 49.29 42.56 66.21 51.54 66.21 47.29 44.34 41.38 39.41 39.51 35.49 40.39 48.33 40.98 40.98 50.40 60.74 48.04 39.41 48.00 54.42 48.73 51.67 47.43 48.25 51.49 51.33 53.24 55.48 43.75 43.08 45.09

Cheese (d./lb.)

1.99 1.80 1.79 1.71 1.69 1.67 1.69 1.81 1.77 1.87 1.88 2.20 2.26 1.84 1.73 1.62 1.82 1.90 1.94 1.98 1.91 1.81 1.82 1.89 1.87 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.94 2.03 1.93 1.90 1.90 1.92 1.88 2.03 2.00 2.06 1.98 2.03

Butter (d./lb.)

5.95 5.92 5.65 5.32 5.33 5.39 5.37 5.68 5.63 5.50 5.80 6.87 6.92 6.20 5.61 5.65 6.17 6.68 6.51 6.63 6.39 6.09 6.26 6.36 6.90 6.95 6.82 6.94 7.11 7.03 6.78 6.95 6.89 6.73 6.54 6.91 6.71 6.74 6.65 6.68

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

5.46 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.18 5.06 4.96 4.91 4.98 5.44 5.21 4.96 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.07 5.26 5.06 5.06 5.06 4.84 5.16 5.65 5.65 5.65

3.10 2.98 2.92 2.68 2.61 2.54 2.80 2.74 2.79 2.81 3.03 3.42 3.28 3.06 2.84 2.73 2.80 2.96 3.06 2.89 2.85 2.93 2.93 2.91 3.13 3.06 3.06 3.15 3.17 3.15 3.00 3.03 2.99 2.95 3.09 3.03 3.33 3.69 3.68 3.59

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

3.06 3.00 2.79 2.64 2.52 2.49 2.67 2.64 2.67 2.64 2.79 2.97 2.88 2.85 2.73 2.70 2.73 2.67 2.76 2.73 2.52 2.62 2.62 2.59 2.96 2.70 2.73 2.90 3.24 3.18 2.93 2.90 2.76 2.84 3.07 3.18 3.36 3.69 3.47 3.36

3.06 2.85 2.52 2.62 2.50 2.41 2.58 2.66 2.96 2.88 3.07 3.54 3.51 2.98 2.68 2.63 2.74 2.83 2.82 2.92 2.78 2.97 3.04 2.91 3.15 3.39 3.30 3.46 3.71 3.74 3.09 3.33 3.58 3.58 3.58 3.93 4.02 3.95 4.31 3.87

Bacon (d./lb.)

9.00 9.00 9.00 9.23 8.27 9.41 9.16 9.23 9.00 8.43 8.63 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 7.99 8.63 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.63 9.23 9.79 9.79 8.63 7.54 8.14 8.39 9.23 9.78 10.32 10.13 10.13

Tallow (d./lb.)

8.25 8.32 8.05 7.79 6.24 7.04 7.05 8.32 6.35 7.51 7.43 7.96 8.16 7.88 8.02 7.88 7.57 7.60 7.64 7.57 7.69 7.10 6.59 7.01 7.66 7.98 7.95 7.92 7.70 7.80 8.06 8.16 7.44 7.28 7.39 7.43 7.72 7.91 7.77 7.77

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

7.05 7.79 7.48 7.56 6.95 6.38 5.75 5.88 5.52 5.32 5.53 5.48 5.81 7.29 7.82 7.18 7.12 6.99 7.24 7.66 8.02 8.26 8.85 6.17 6.46 6.22 6.27 7.88 8.85 8.03 7.75 6.70 6.55 7.77 8.03 7.85 8.35 7.69 6.53 6.32

4.61 4.61 4.72 4.72 4.72 4.72 4.72 4.72 4.54 4.32 4.32 4.46 4.46 4.27 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.37 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.05 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.61 4.82 4.38 4.61 4.72 4.72 5.11 5.11 5.05

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809

Hay (s/ton)

47.67 49.49 65.78 72.60 57.44 57.59 74.20 72.55 58.93 52.92 59.31 63.27 63.01 70.19 78.37 84.25 80.10 60.84 66.00 73.67 63.47 57.30 72.04 80.03 81.11 84.02 99.87 84.30 60.91 78.94 106.03 105.10 91.24 104.03 97.23 87.20 82.91 91.23 104.40 104.35

Cheese (d./lb.)

2.10 2.14 2.41 2.41 2.36 2.32 2.36 2.38 2.45 2.43 2.32 2.16 2.11 2.25 2.27 2.22 2.26 2.28 2.33 2.26 2.27 2.43 2.40 2.56 2.49 2.47 2.74 3.02 3.17 3.10 3.42 3.98 4.11 3.94 4.10 4.15 4.02 4.08 4.22 4.24

Butter (d./lb.)

6.80 6.95 7.14 7.29 7.14 6.66 6.93 7.32 7.88 7.88 7.32 6.90 6.94 7.06 7.31 7.03 7.34 7.23 6.97 6.66 7.31 7.33 7.38 7.77 8.08 8.63 8.73 9.36 9.18 9.61 11.38 11.78 10.78 11.19 11.43 11.73 11.51 12.37 13.31 13.42

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

5.65 5.50 6.42 6.42 6.70 6.70 6.70 6.97 7.22 7.32 7.42 7.42 7.42 7.26 7.09 7.39 7.83 7.83 7.83 7.83 7.83 7.83 7.83 7.83 7.83 7.83 8.58 10.86 10.86 10.86 10.86 10.86 10.86 10.86 11.57 12.43 13.10 13.74 14.23 14.47

3.52 3.65 3.84 3.78 3.72 3.69 3.70 3.73 3.68 3.77 3.78 3.73 3.73 3.84 3.93 4.20 4.13 4.36 4.40 4.43 4.36 4.45 4.66 4.61 4.58 4.94 5.68 6.48 6.31 6.18 7.05 7.91 8.36 7.88 7.90 7.92 7.97 7.51 7.58 7.89

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

3.47 3.64 3.81 3.87 3.92 3.85 3.69 3.69 3.87 3.87 3.64 3.64 3.29 3.70 3.75 4.09 3.98 4.15 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.21 4.32 4.27 4.38 4.67 5.67 5.69 5.56 6.32 7.20 7.35 7.16 6.83 6.65 6.42 6.77 7.05 6.94

4.09 4.35 4.59 4.82 4.16 4.50 4.41 4.44 4.56 4.06 4.07 3.97 3.96 4.10 4.31 4.52 4.31 4.36 4.90 4.56 5.05 5.61 5.24 5.47 5.58 5.64 7.23 7.45 6.32 5.65 6.93 9.95 8.60 7.45 6.78 6.78 7.24 7.08 7.52 8.49

Bacon (d./lb.)

9.32 10.13 10.87 10.32 10.13 9.74 9.74 9.74 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.50 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.92 10.00 10.00 10.83 11.00 10.33 9.83 11.58 15.21 15.67 13.17 11.92 12.00 12.08 12.00 12.04 13.00

Tallow (d./lb.)

7.71 7.62 7.95 7.84 7.60 7.65 7.78 7.77 7.76 8.65 8.45 8.14 8.16 7.57 8.14 7.61 6.40 8.12 8.37 7.50 7.53 7.37 7.10 7.14 7.16 8.05 9.37 9.47 8.57 8.70 10.22 10.94 11.03 11.25 11.38 10.63 10.78 9.81 12.09 14.45

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

6.27 6.95 6.53 6.83 7.40 7.71 7.58 7.19 6.35 5.76 6.29 5.80 5.21 6.06 6.97 6.46 6.79 8.66 8.68 8.68 9.13 8.95 11.38 8.88 9.16 10.04 10.44 10.13 9.70 12.44 12.28 13.64 14.16 14.07 15.55 17.27 16.05 14.31 13.18 17.52

4.80 5.11 5.25 5.34 5.66 5.36 6.56 5.75 5.56 6.48 6.48 5.94 6.48 5.70 6.01 6.44 5.89 5.89 5.89 5.89 5.89 5.89 5.89 5.89 5.89 6.43 6.19 6.68 6.19 7.17 7.56 8.69 8.79 8.55 7.66 8.60 7.86 8.10 8.87 9.09

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849

Hay (s/ton)

123.30 153.45 116.18 95.92 98.43 100.67 94.22 88.62 112.38 121.98 81.70 66.45 74.08 92.57 118.54 105.97 100.41 114.81 88.78 71.40 71.02 74.40 87.74 70.00 81.80 83.27 80.98 84.13 96.25 87.68 76.53 87.22 75.92 74.54 72.74 91.11 72.98 65.57 64.58 61.53

Cheese (d./lb.)

4.40 4.47 4.67 4.28 4.64 4.45 4.20 3.62 4.04 4.54 4.22 3.83 3.41 3.35 3.64 4.52 4.20 4.02 4.29 3.87 3.51 3.83 4.05 4.03 3.63 3.50 4.02 4.02 4.04 4.01 4.07 4.07 3.87 3.56 3.27 3.35 4.06 4.11 4.05 3.91

Butter (d./lb.)

13.68 15.34 15.43 14.70 15.19 15.66 11.60 11.06 13.97 12.82 11.32 10.92 9.73 9.62 10.76 11.85 11.81 11.22 10.32 9.89 9.91 10.92 9.99 9.54 9.17 9.70 11.10 11.79 11.16 11.60 11.91 11.76 10.93 9.98 10.05 10.72 11.10 11.31 10.38 9.88

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

15.47 16.41 16.65 17.45 16.65 17.04 16.48 16.96 17.73 17.73 17.73 17.73 17.16 16.54 16.54 16.54 16.54 16.54 16.54 16.19 16.19 15.82 14.83 14.83 13.69 13.69 13.69 13.69 13.69 13.69 13.69 13.69 13.69 13.69 13.69 13.69 12.55 12.55 11.41 11.41

8.45 8.70 8.88 9.28 9.56 8.49 7.18 6.41 5.86 7.68 7.96 6.97 5.51 5.23 6.02 6.73 7.15 7.03 6.77 6.52 5.62 6.00 5.39 5.12 5.12 4.72 5.39 5.39 5.65 5.39 5.66 6.20 5.66 4.58 4.58 4.31 5.44 5.90 6.00 5.02

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

7.28 7.50 7.85 8.42 8.87 7.43 6.26 6.14 6.22 7.51 7.47 6.60 4.55 4.66 5.35 6.03 6.60 6.37 6.14 5.63 5.18 5.57 5.68 5.22 5.34 4.43 4.77 5.22 5.22 5.22 5.11 5.68 5.22 4.31 4.31 4.54 5.98 6.26 5.84 4.74

8.88 8.72 8.75 10.75 10.31 8.14 6.20 7.03 7.57 8.67 7.30 5.88 5.24 4.87 6.59 7.69 6.73 6.38 7.12 6.54 5.56 5.40 6.30 6.01 5.03 4.82 5.99 6.44 6.97 6.56 6.22 6.59 5.50 4.46 5.15 5.47 5.62 6.75 6.44 6.33

Bacon (d./lb.)

13.00 13.00 13.00 13.44 17.08 15.73 11.85 12.00 14.27 15.67 14.75 13.00 10.80 10.36 11.80 13.25 14.00 14.00 12.52 13.64 10.54 11.18

12.51 12.18 13.17 11.85

11.85

15.80 14.48 13.60

Tallow (d./lb.)

11.31 10.78 12.09 15.07 15.93 12.83 9.58 9.36 13.19 11.88 11.70 9.80 8.14 8.32 7.89 8.65 8.38 8.74 8.61 8.62 7.92 8.82 8.39 8.67 8.53 8.02 8.12 7.94 8.89 8.60 9.00 8.53 8.42 7.64 7.32 7.09 7.21 8.70 8.54 7.36

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

16.85 12.53 14.23 16.10 20.13 20.80 13.91 16.33 21.72 15.68 15.16 12.77 11.80 12.28 13.13 15.39 9.37 9.18 10.01 8.00 9.64 11.58 12.28 13.33 17.60 16.83 18.39 14.23 15.34 16.37 14.24 11.61 10.63 10.55 12.69 14.36 12.79 11.97 10.98 10.15

8.74 8.79 8.99 13.95 14.24 12.03 10.29 9.58 9.87 11.74 9.87 9.33 7.91 8.25 7.78 8.35 8.99 8.28 7.64 7.96 8.08

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889

Hay (s/ton)

57.49 69.59 51.53 80.07 84.37 86.63 83.53 64.63 63.95 72.21 102.52 97.06 71.35 62.93 65.65 88.95 78.19 76.30 78.80 101.60 80.60 111.79 66.59 62.05 42.79 87.95 83.19 73.57 65.73 67.60 71.36 87.68 62.70 66.13 60.25 67.11 69.80 85.72 75.92

Cheese (d./lb.)

3.77 3.31 3.22 3.50 4.09 3.91 4.30 4.10 4.03 4.09 4.56 3.94 3.82 3.95 3.88 4.18 4.08 3.66 4.03 4.06 4.10 4.04 3.94 4.04 3.63 3.76 3.60 4.09 3.54 3.08 3.87 3.54 3.59 3.70 3.59 3.87 3.16 3.54 3.32 3.21

Butter (d./lb.)

8.95 9.15 9.13 9.83 11.71 11.26 12.13 12.24 11.49 11.46 12.10 11.66 11.37 11.30 11.62 12.32 12.85 12.14 11.65 13.62 13.25 14.05 13.55 13.40 14.20 14.03 14.53 14.57 13.85 12.20 12.34 14.27 13.87 13.67 13.51 12.35 12.27 12.66 12.84 12.84

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

11.41 9.13 7.99 9.13 8.56 11.73 12.12 12.07 11.46 11.16 11.01 12.08 12.23 11.61 11.92 14.63 15.28 14.06 13.40 13.06 11.99 12.17 12.85 13.73 15.35 15.35 15.35 15.71 15.71 15.28 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.84 12.67 12.44 12.00 11.88 11.85 11.28

4.77 4.59 4.71 5.77 6.39 6.62 6.31 6.40 6.16 6.25 6.49 6.37 6.04 6.46 6.82 7.00 7.18 6.80 6.53 7.07 7.22 7.89 7.81 8.73 8.13 8.22 8.16 7.40 7.44 7.00 7.35 7.16 7.60 7.94 7.55 6.89 6.39 6.09 6.11 6.20

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

4.61 4.74 4.74 5.84 5.84 5.78 5.78 5.78 5.50 5.84 6.26 6.26 5.98 5.98 6.39 7.22 6.88 6.26 5.84 6.39 6.53 7.36 7.63 7.84 6.60 7.36 7.22 6.74 6.88 6.53 6.74 7.15 7.49 7.63 6.60 5.84 6.25 5.25 5.88 6.25

5.57 5.04 5.04 5.58 6.14 6.12 6.50 6.78 6.08 6.07 6.79 6.80 6.62 6.34 6.46 7.00 6.74 5.64 5.71 7.11 7.89 6.39 6.62 6.76 6.72 7.34 7.57 6.64 6.54 6.30 6.96 7.38 7.03 6.72 6.18 5.75 5.31 5.03 4.86 5.25

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

13.83

6.83

13.17 13.17

7.53 7.95 7.85 8.95 9.25 9.57 8.65 9.36 9.51 8.71 7.80 6.91 7.69 9.18 9.82 8.69 9.69 9.90 9.47 8.78 7.53 7.32 7.47 8.65 8.39 7.82 6.74 5.95 6.41 7.29 8.12 7.90 6.97 5.82 5.09 4.98 5.48 5.32

15.80 15.80 15.80 15.80 15.80 15.80 15.80 15.80 15.80 15.80 17.12 17.12 17.12 16.46 15.80 15.80

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

11.06 12.50 13.62 16.00 15.50 13.00 16.00 20.50 15.62 18.62 20.12 19.50 20.50 22.62 27.38 25.75 23.50 18.88 17.50 18.12 16.75 21.38 25.62 24.50 20.75 19.75 17.75 16.25 15.00 12.50 15.12 12.38 11.25 10.00 10.00 9.88 10.00 10.50 10.38 11.00

7.89 7.89 8.30 7.47 8.24 8.43 8.44 8.04 8.01 8.21 8.07 7.76 8.26 9.45 8.85 9.37 10.82 11.79 11.86 11.87 11.47 11.55 10.93 9.37 8.34 9.93 8.60 9.23 10.65 9.74 9.08 8.99 9.07 8.66 8.83

Appendix Table 2: Pastoral Product Prices (Cont.) Year

1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914

Hay (s/ton)

57.80 56.82 77.08 111.22 102.04 67.31 63.74 67.61 65.66 63.04 69.84 79.19 84.78 73.47 68.58 67.11 64.03 65.97 60.54 62.09 62.09 77.61 89.26 83.44 60.15

Cheese (d./lb.)

3.10 3.05 2.99 2.89 2.89 2.56 2.18 2.77 2.34 2.89 2.89 2.77 2.94

Butter (d./lb.)

12.10 12.70 12.83 11.95 11.12 10.61 10.71 10.61 10.32 10.90 11.30 11.30 11.23 12.06 12.85 12.32

13.37 13.11 13.11 12.58 13.90 14.16

Milk Beef (d./gal.) (d./lb.)

11.21 11.14 12.17 12.35 12.06 10.89 9.79 9.91 9.74 9.94 10.26 10.92 11.19

8.51 8.84 8.98 9.02 8.88 9.24 9.71 9.70 9.31

6.03 6.67 6.28 6.44 6.08 5.89 5.29 5.51 5.31 5.79 6.22 5.91 6.37 6.04 5.91 5.97 5.91 5.97 5.97 6.24 6.44 6.04 6.98 6.85 7.25

Mutton Pork (d./lb.) (d./lb.)

5.63 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.50 4.88 5.13 4.63 5.13 5.63 5.50 5.50 5.88 6.25 6.38 6.63 6.75 6.50 5.75 6.50 6.13

4.84 4.71 5.59 6.07 5.58 4.50 4.16 5.21 5.46 5.25 5.47 5.38

Bacon (d./lb.)

Tallow (d./lb.)

4.90 4.98 5.16 6.38 5.42 4.84 4.03 3.58 4.05 4.35 5.08 5.61 6.67 5.47 4.91 5.00 5.56 6.42 5.81 5.88 6.54 6.40 6.44 6.53 6.33

Wool Eggs (d./lb.) (d./doz.)

11.00 9.75 8.75 10.25 10.12 12.00 11.50 9.62 8.75 8.25 7.88 6.88 6.25 7.25 10.12 12.38 13.38 12.25 8.50 9.00 9.88 10.00 10.50 12.38 12.62

8.72 9.67 9.20 9.58 9.46 8.94 9.07 8.63 9.08 8.82 9.59 9.68 9.26 9.60 10.02 10.34 11.35 11.28 11.02 11.36 11.23 11.66 12.00 12.21 13.10

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices Year

1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249

Firewood (s./c.)

Timber (s/ft3)

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

0.31

0.40

0.35 1.00 0.49 0.40

0.36

0.43 0.42

0.45 0.51 0.51 0.32

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289

Firewood (s./c.)

Timber (s/ft3)

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

0.38 0.30 0.39 0.30 6.06 4.69

0.31 0.38

0.37 0.39 0.40 0.38 0.34 0.31 7.25 7.06

7.12 7.68 6.04 7.27 10.40 8.07 8.23 5.17 5.24 7.08 7.24 7.06 7.30 7.49

0.72 0.65 0.57 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.61 0.71 0.61 0.61 0.58 0.67 0.61 0.62 0.55 0.58

2.00

1.25 2.00

1.08 1.11 1.22 1.06 0.84

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329

7.29 8.41 8.05 8.88 7.75 7.78 6.70 8.17 7.10 7.62 9.24 8.53 8.07 6.37 9.31 9.60 9.49 9.78 12.30 9.57 10.60 11.04 8.11 9.91 8.47 8.87 10.99 11.08 10.31 6.54 9.63 11.87 11.02 14.47

Timber (s/ft3)

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

0.66 0.69 0.55 0.57 0.54

1.13 1.05 0.95

0.45 0.61 0.62 0.71 0.86 0.80 0.65 0.65 0.60 0.70 0.72 0.70 0.72 0.79

1.82 1.65 1.04

1.20

1.56 1.25 1.27 1.00 1.39

0.71 0.72 0.71 0.83 0.94 0.58 0.71 0.75 0.78 0.84 0.80 0.78

0.72

1.28 2.32 1.30 1.30 1.15 1.11 1.04 1.11 1.28

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369

12.42 10.66 10.37 10.61 11.47 13.69 11.31 11.74 10.60 10.00 11.60 11.02 11.55 11.27 11.02 9.39 12.54 11.02 25.76 7.64 12.73 10.71 7.13 12.77 14.79 11.31 12.36 10.49 11.74 12.97 11.95 13.07 11.68 11.42 12.26 11.20 11.64 13.22 12.20 11.14

Timber (s/ft3)

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

0.90 1.36 0.61 0.42 0.56 0.89 0.58 0.57 0.33 0.58 0.51 0.46 0.62

1.16 1.11 1.32 1.11 1.37

0.42 0.49 0.48 0.56 0.80 0.67 0.63 0.56 0.87 0.59 0.35 0.73 0.61 0.64 0.55 0.52 0.77 1.05 0.53 0.64 0.87

1.15

0.93 2.00 1.56

1.11 1.66 2.04

1.86 1.49 2.23 2.66

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409

13.01 12.71 10.59 10.67 12.66 13.61 12.69 13.59 12.94 10.04 10.97 10.61 12.26 12.67 13.09 14.38 11.57 10.42 11.76 13.34 12.36 12.80 11.47 9.64 10.71 9.61 9.44 9.63 9.59 9.33 8.51 9.59 9.33 9.46 9.73 9.94 9.67 9.64 8.75 9.34

Timber (s/ft3)

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

0.80

1.58

0.59 0.66

2.69 2.00 3.72

0.77 2.69 0.64 2.37 0.74 0.78 0.50 1.86 0.54 0.56 0.59

1.77

0.58

1.86 2.30

0.61

1.67

0.61

2.69 2.53 2.53 2.75 2.31 2.53 2.53 2.04 2.33

0.73 0.73

0.56 0.56 0.44

2.47 2.03 2.17 2.44

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449

9.34 8.48 9.01 8.77 8.79 9.01 9.65 8.54 8.10 8.83 9.22 8.63 9.26 8.88 9.03 9.02 9.75 9.70 9.66 9.83 8.59 8.53 8.98 8.26 8.13 8.07 8.23 8.36 9.83 9.69 9.11 7.97 8.29 8.70 8.54 8.06 8.37 8.98 6.75 9.66

Timber (s/ft3)

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

1.11

2.46 2.27 2.43 1.94 2.04 2.05 2.67 2.22 2.08 1.58

0.54 0.44 0.67

0.56

1.70 1.66

0.56 2.66 1.86 1.78 2.16 2.00 1.77 1.81 2.24 2.03 2.23 1.43

0.89 0.37 0.84

2.22

2.39 2.20 2.31 2.32

0.74

0.67

2.05 1.96 2.14 1.82 1.64 2.02

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489

6.40 8.24 7.89 8.77 8.58 8.25 9.44 7.00 7.67 7.50 8.36 9.44 8.99

7.67 8.22 8.16 7.92 7.65 8.49 7.66 8.12 7.85 7.95 8.48 7.74 8.04 7.14 6.24 6.48 6.62 6.28 7.47 6.43 3.93 4.19 4.25 7.00

Timber (s/ft3)

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

2.38 1.85 1.50 2.15 2.66 2.03 1.81

0.52

1.79

0.44

0.53

0.33 0.84

1.79

0.74 1.00 0.74

1.89 1.79

0.40

0.48

0.89 0.67

1.76 2.32 2.01 2.10 3.00 1.90 1.90 2.36 1.11 2.14 2.19 1.99 1.99 2.66 2.41 3.53 2.56 2.60 2.37 2.30 2.33 2.49 2.44 2.33 2.72

1.47

1.79

2.57 2.58 2.83

1.79 2.25

2.33 2.18

0.56

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529

6.78 5.73 5.43 7.55 6.00 5.49 8.35 7.06 6.34 7.90 7.92 7.82 7.48 8.08 7.45 7.43 7.27 9.71 6.91 6.95 7.14 7.19 8.20 7.87 7.58 7.77 7.38 7.73 7.90 7.84 8.03 7.89 8.02 8.12 7.80 7.96 7.88 8.75 7.65 7.90

Timber (s/ft3)

1.63 1.79 1.68 2.14 1.79

1.79 1.65 1.14 1.37 1.79 1.08 1.41 1.24 1.25 1.47 1.65 1.79 1.58

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

2.41 2.49 2.64 2.54 2.31 2.36 2.34 2.36 1.50 2.66 2.36 2.33

2.46

3.33 2.62 2.73

1.69 1.40 1.47 0.67 1.66 0.75

1.71 1.45

3.33 3.76 3.28 1.79 1.86 3.01 3.23 2.48 1.97

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

Timber (s/ft3)

1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569

7.65 8.83 7.45 7.76 7.51 7.65 7.66 7.57 7.85 8.03 7.81 8.90 8.06 9.45 8.52 8.73 8.41 6.03 8.97 9.96 11.39 9.30 10.49 11.63 12.64 12.84 11.49 10.49 11.04 14.08 12.34 17.30 9.76 11.80 11.87 10.29 13.75 11.84 11.90 16.09

0.95 1.52 0.83

2.62 2.73

0.84 1.34 1.89 2.64 2.36 2.25 2.10 1.98 1.09 2.25 3.60 3.67 3.29

5.16 2.75 1.22 3.12 3.50 3.38 3.53 3.08 3.00 3.33 2.75 3.29

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

2.62 3.47 4.21 3.19 3.13 3.39 2.87 2.60

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

Timber (s/ft3)

1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609

16.94 13.67 14.05 12.90 11.85 12.30 11.81 14.43 14.45 12.81 13.96 14.83 15.21 13.29 14.15 15.45 16.54 15.20 15.68 15.04 15.99 15.49 15.71 15.51 18.47 15.62 18.66 18.21 18.58 18.96 18.62 17.82 20.05 19.89 19.72 21.78 20.97 23.89 23.65 24.21

3.28 3.50 3.53 2.99 2.87 2.91 2.55 4.26 2.58 3.21 2.72 2.78 3.15 2.27 2.89 3.61 2.96 3.26 2.85 1.98 3.40 3.01 3.31 3.06 3.23 3.23 3.31 3.35 2.82 3.09 2.87 4.45 4.04 4.20 4.29 4.73 5.35 6.02 5.94

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

Timber (s/ft3)

1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649

24.16 24.33 25.17 20.67 23.11 26.59 22.70 22.50 22.79 22.75 23.53 23.90 24.58 25.29 21.34 24.39 25.11 25.07 28.88 29.19 26.01 27.09 24.09 26.09 27.18 25.65 27.01 26.30 29.95 29.43 31.02 32.33 29.58 29.24 34.67 28.89 28.77 35.90 34.59 31.91

6.69 6.01 5.76 6.92 5.99 5.82 7.05 6.07 6.89 7.31 6.71 4.91 5.81 6.18 6.19 5.96 6.86 6.64 7.75 7.94 3.11 8.00 7.65 5.57 7.45 9.44 7.79 7.96 8.50 8.23 9.03

8.98 8.46 6.85 6.66 8.23

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

Timber (s/ft3)

1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689

20.30 28.48 28.41 27.96 26.97 27.16 31.45 27.12 25.26 29.80 27.00 32.09 32.79 30.73 28.47 34.39 33.05 33.43 35.11 29.16 33.06 34.58 34.69 33.71 36.56 34.19 32.66 35.50 26.63 32.37 34.68 35.57 31.39 33.93 34.18 32.91 35.80 36.11 37.14 33.79

5.28 6.82 6.11 9.39 7.88 9.55 13.65 9.50 10.38 8.92 10.95 11.67 10.68 13.65 10.61 10.72 9.90 11.45 8.60 4.22 4.66 12.27 13.60 11.36 9.89 10.17 9.95 10.24 9.06 9.88 11.67 13.65 12.97 10.17 9.53 8.42

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

Timber (s/ft3)

1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729

34.00 33.03 33.63 33.51 33.76 33.61 35.93 35.21 37.94 34.25 34.00 32.13 33.06 36.19 33.41 34.14 29.58 30.37 32.05 32.20 35.09 33.75 35.07 35.15 34.02 35.72 32.36 31.65 30.75 32.05 31.47 29.37 31.59 31.43 30.88 31.59 33.66 33.44 32.91 33.77

7.14 10.24 11.40 10.80 10.24 10.24 10.24 10.24 10.78 10.24 16.64 10.24 6.93 8.96 7.89 9.50 9.50 10.32 9.50 8.91 12.07 9.29 10.45 10.14 7.98 9.00 8.64 9.12 8.85 7.99 9.69 8.68 8.72 8.57 10.24 7.37 9.23

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

Timber (s/ft3)

1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769

33.43 33.04 32.66 32.06 33.83 29.05 32.91 31.06 31.06 31.06 32.15 32.63 32.63 31.16 29.78 33.22 34.08 29.17 29.53 30.46 31.62 28.20 34.43 32.15 37.58 29.53 26.95 32.71 30.46 29.22 31.65 27.14 26.87 29.38 29.13 37.34 28.49 26.87 32.11 29.38

8.69 8.67 6.44 8.41 8.29 7.78 7.78 7.78 8.26 7.41 8.05 7.41 7.31 7.83 7.31 7.83 7.31 8.02 8.76 7.76 8.55 8.27 9.53 9.77 8.41 9.28 7.90 8.88 9.19 8.97 8.74 8.19 9.42 9.14 9.38 9.32 10.17 10.18 9.06 9.76

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

Timber (s/ft3)

1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809

30.76 29.72 32.17 36.25 36.51 37.48 37.77 37.77 38.50 38.13 29.85 29.85 28.37 29.85 28.38 28.67 30.35 28.67 31.04 28.67 29.45 29.45 27.17 26.84 27.17 27.17 27.17 30.00 30.59 33.17 31.03 31.03 30.59 33.40 34.41 34.81 35.96 36.75 36.64 36.64

10.25 9.67 10.25 10.88 9.10 10.24 10.24 9.69 10.24 8.53 8.53 9.08 12.02 9.87 11.03 9.95 8.75 8.65 9.23 9.16 9.72 10.72 10.10 11.32 11.96 12.98 13.32 13.95 17.27 18.42 17.68 17.80 16.51 20.14 20.22 21.09 22.35 24.38 30.87 30.65

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

Timber (s/ft3)

1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849

37.12 37.17 42.12 44.59 44.59 44.77 42.12 41.13 40.79 39.56 40.79 38.47 37.51 38.09 40.23 40.23 40.23 39.61 40.23 40.23 40.23 40.23

35.91 28.73 26.46 27.67 28.87 24.76 19.63 18.82 23.63 18.62 17.01 18.17 18.52 21.15 17.48 16.76 17.80 14.30 14.82 15.11 13.73 13.53 13.83 13.54 16.63 15.75 15.28 17.30 17.11 18.62 17.43 15.47 14.13 14.37 14.91 13.32 10.91 8.75 7.13 7.82

45.80 40.48 38.95 40.48 38.95 40.48 40.48 40.48 40.48 40.48 40.48 42.07 42.07 40.48 40.48 40.48

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

Appendix Table 3: Firewood, Timber and Miscellaneous Product Prices (cont.) Year

Firewood (s./c.)

Timber (s/ft3)

1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869

40.48 40.48

7.17 7.01 7.59 9.59 11.53 10.34 10.78 9.15 8.50 9.02 9.67 9.94 9.94 9.41 12.59 10.71 7.98 7.58 7.98 8.50

40.48 40.48 40.48 40.48 40.48

Cider (d./gallon)

Honey (d./gallon)

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (1860-9 = 100) Year

1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249

Arable

Meat

Dairy

Wool

Pasture

Wood Index

Farm Index

4.8

6.7

5.9

13.2

7.9

5.7

5.8 4.7

5.9

6.1 6.5

12.8 10.6

7.6 7.1

6.4 5.5

4.3

6.3

12.8

7.8

5.3

5.0 6.9 8.2 8.0 6.1 7.9

5.5

13.7

7.5

5.8 6.3 6.1 5.9

12.5 12.3 13.4 12.3

7.4 7.6 7.8 7.4

5.8 7.2 8.0 8.0 6.7 7.8

6.2 7.7 6.5 6.0

15.0 14.4 13.0 12.8

8.4 9.2 9.2 7.6

4.5 5.7 9.1 8.6 8.3

7.8

6.1 7.1

19.2 19.9

9.4 10.4

8.0 7.7

4.6

7.4 7.7

18.5 18.3

7.4 10.3

6.7 6.5 8.2

6.9 7.5 9.1 6.9 6.3

19.2 20.4 22.0 17.6 15.7

10.1 9.0 10.0 9.0 12.9

5.9 6.8 10.0 9.7 7.5

3.3 4.6 8.8 8.2 8.7

7.2 6.5 5.7 6.0 7.2

4.4 5.8 9.9 10.0 5.6

7.8 8.8

6.3 6.9 7.1 15.6

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289

Arable

6.7 6.1 9.2 5.6 5.2 11.2 12.1 6.7 7.0 7.6 7.4 6.3 7.9 7.2 7.8 6.5 8.9 9.1 11.1 12.5 9.9 11.5 11.7 9.5 12.1 9.3 8.3 9.4 9.0 10.5 11.1 11.2 8.2 9.8 8.4 5.6 6.3

Meat

Dairy

5.7 6.9 6.0 6.7

7.6 6.4 6.8 7.2

6.7 8.1 13.4 5.1 4.5 3.7 3.7

7.2 7.2

9.7 6.8 11.0 7.8 10.4 9.1 11.2 13.0 10.4 12.5 10.9 14.6 10.8 11.0 9.9 11.9 12.1 12.1 13.2 10.2 10.8 9.6 10.9 9.1 9.3

8.5 8.9 8.7 7.6 7.9 9.3 10.8 8.6 8.4 8.7 8.6 7.7 7.6 10.8 9.8 10.0 8.3 8.7 9.0 8.9 8.5 8.2 8.1 8.3 7.6 8.0 8.6 8.0 9.3

Wool

17.4 17.4 14.8 15.7 21.8 17.4 18.1 21.8

28.7 20.9 28.7 20.9 20.7 22.9 23.9 25.5 24.1 23.4 23.2 24.1 27.1 31.8 30.4 37.8 37.1 30.6 32.9 27.6 26.9 26.7 26.7 28.9 29.7 29.9 30.6

Pasture

8.2 8.7 7.9 8.7 11.2 8.8 9.6 13.7 6.1 7.0 7.8 7.1 15.6 11.4 9.9 14.0 10.7 12.5 11.9 13.1 13.6 12.1 14.6 13.7 16.6 13.4 14.5 13.8 14.4 14.7 13.9 14.4 12.6 12.8 12.2 13.6 12.2 12.8

Wood Index

15.4 11.9

18.4 17.9

18.1 19.5 15.3 18.5 26.4 20.5 20.9 13.1 13.3 18.0 18.4 17.9 18.5 19.0

Farm Index

7.9 6.8 8.9 6.4 6.2 9.9 10.1 10.7 12.1 6.6 7.1 7.7 7.4 8.6 9.0 8.0 9.5 7.7 9.8 10.1 11.8 13.0 10.7 12.4 12.2 11.5 12.5 10.6 10.1 11.3 10.8 11.7 11.8 11.2 9.6 10.6 9.9 7.6 8.4

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329

Arable

8.7 10.9 10.0 10.2 12.6 13.8 13.6 9.2 11.3 10.7 9.7 8.7 8.6 7.7 7.5 9.8 9.5 8.6 9.9 11.5 12.9 12.8 9.3 9.2 10.0 11.7 23.0 22.1 12.8 7.7 9.0 11.0 18.4 14.2 10.6 12.8 9.2 7.7 8.2 10.0

Meat

8.9 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.9 11.2 10.2 10.4 9.9 9.7 13.0 11.3 10.4 9.6 8.1 10.2 11.9 10.5 7.7 13.4 14.7 12.9 13.4 11.4 11.4 12.4 14.2 18.0 15.7 13.1 12.6 10.9 13.4 14.9 14.7 14.9 13.6 11.7 12.3 11.5

Dairy

8.3 8.4 8.6 8.3 8.8 9.3 8.3 8.6 8.1 10.5 9.2 10.5 10.6 9.7 9.6 9.5 12.1 10.8 10.8 11.5 12.9 12.7 12.0 12.1 11.4 12.8 15.5 13.9 11.3 11.2 12.4 12.9 13.1 16.1 12.6 12.8 14.2 8.6 11.4 12.9

Wool

32.4 30.4 26.4 28.7 25.8 17.6 23.6 22.7 26.7 34.1 31.1 28.9 25.8 26.0 26.7 30.4 32.9 35.0 36.8 37.5 34.6 29.7 25.5 27.4 31.3 30.8 29.5 31.1 33.9 33.4 40.1 44.1 34.8 34.8 36.2 38.0 32.7 34.3 31.5 28.9

Pasture

12.4 12.5 12.4 12.8 13.2 12.3 12.2 12.4 12.4 13.9 15.3 14.4 13.5 12.6 12.2 13.5 15.8 14.7 12.6 17.2 18.0 16.2 15.7 14.8 15.0 16.1 17.8 19.3 17.8 15.8 16.3 15.4 16.7 19.2 18.0 18.5 18.4 14.7 15.7 15.1

Wood Index

18.5 21.4 20.4 22.6 19.7 19.8 17.0 20.7 18.0 19.4 23.5 21.7 20.5 16.2 23.7 24.4 24.1 24.8 31.2 24.3 26.9 28.0 20.6 25.2 21.5 22.5 27.9 28.1 26.2 16.6 24.5 30.2 28.0 36.7

Farm Index

9.9 11.4 10.8 11.2 12.9 13.0 12.8 10.1 11.8 11.8 11.5 10.7 10.4 9.5 9.1 11.1 11.5 10.6 11.0 13.5 14.6 14.1 11.6 11.3 11.9 13.3 20.2 20.5 14.2 10.2 11.5 12.8 17.3 15.3 12.8 14.3 12.0 10.0 10.8 11.9

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369

Arable

10.4 11.9 13.4 9.5 7.8 8.2 8.8 8.0 6.7 5.7 9.4 7.7 8.2 7.9 10.1 7.4 7.8 11.6 11.3 7.0 10.3 14.9 17.4 11.9 10.3 9.6 11.1 12.2 13.0 11.6 11.3 12.1 11.6 13.8 14.8 12.8 11.0 11.6 12.7 12.6

Meat

11.8 12.4 11.5 11.9 11.3 11.2 11.6 10.8 10.3 9.3 10.2 10.7 9.9 10.5 10.6 11.0 10.5 11.9 11.6 12.3 10.9 11.6 11.9 15.0 13.1 12.9 11.9 10.6 11.1 12.9 12.6 13.0 12.6 10.6 11.7 13.5 11.7 12.4 12.4 13.1

Dairy

12.5 10.8 9.6 9.5 10.2 10.6 11.9 9.5 11.2 8.7 11.6 8.2 7.7 7.7 8.5 9.2 12.0 10.1 8.8 8.2 10.7 10.6 10.0 10.2 11.1 12.0 11.6 12.7 11.1 9.9 13.7 13.3 10.3 11.1 10.1 11.9 11.5 11.8 11.9 11.1

Wool

28.3 29.7 28.7 25.3 20.4 21.8 26.7 22.9 17.9 19.7 19.7 19.9 24.1 19.7 25.3 23.6 25.8 23.6 24.1 14.4 18.1 19.0 20.1 18.5 19.2 21.3 19.5 20.9 21.6 16.9 22.5 19.9 22.3 19.5 20.1 26.2 26.2 30.2 29.5 25.5

Pasture

15.4 15.8 14.2 14.0 13.4 13.4 14.5 12.3 11.5 11.3 13.3 12.2 11.9 11.7 12.8 13.3 14.0 13.9 13.2 12.1 12.6 13.0 13.5 14.9 14.3 14.6 13.9 13.5 13.2 13.4 15.1 15.0 14.2 12.8 13.2 15.9 14.7 15.8 15.6 15.0

Wood Index

31.5 27.1 26.3 26.9 29.1 34.8 28.7 29.8 26.9 25.4 29.5 28.0 29.3 28.6 28.0 23.8 31.8 28.0 65.4 19.4 32.3 27.2 18.1 32.4 37.6 28.7 31.4 26.6 29.8 32.9 30.4 33.2 29.7 29.0 31.1 28.4 29.5 33.6 31.0 28.3

Farm Index

12.3 13.4 13.6 11.0 9.9 10.5 11.0 9.7 8.5 7.9 11.0 9.5 10.0 9.6 11.3 9.4 10.1 12.5 13.1 8.8 11.7 14.4 15.4 13.1 12.0 11.6 12.5 13.0 13.4 12.7 13.0 13.7 13.0 14.0 14.5 14.1 12.7 13.5 14.2 13.9

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409

Arable

22.6 13.5 10.8 12.7 10.1 14.0 14.0 9.1 7.9 7.6 9.9 10.3 9.3 9.0 9.8 8.6 9.8 8.1 7.0 6.7 10.0 14.7 9.3 7.0 7.6 8.2 8.6 11.0 11.2 9.3 10.0 11.1 14.0 11.3 9.0 8.3 7.7 7.8 10.0 11.8

Meat

14.2 13.4 11.5 14.6 13.6 13.7 13.3 13.8 11.8 12.1 13.3 13.3 11.7 13.7 11.3 11.1 13.3 13.3 13.8 13.8 13.3 10.5 11.8 12.7 13.8 12.1 8.8 13.8 13.3 14.0 13.5 13.1 13.5 14.5 12.2 11.9 14.2 14.2 13.2 13.7

Dairy

13.0 9.5 11.4 10.3 10.9 11.2 11.1 11.3 11.2 10.0 10.0 9.8 9.0 9.6 10.3 7.6 9.8 10.0 9.8 7.6 9.9 8.7 10.3 10.3 10.3 11.6 10.5 9.8 9.5 10.4 9.4 8.0 9.6 14.4 7.7 9.1 8.2 8.4 10.1 9.9

Wool

29.7 29.2 31.1 32.0 34.6 33.9 33.1 38.0 32.4 31.3 29.9 22.9 22.5 25.8 25.3 28.9 22.0 21.1 19.5 20.1 20.4 16.7 21.6 24.3 23.4 21.1 23.2 22.9 26.2 24.8 23.4 22.9 23.9 25.5 30.8 23.6 23.4 28.7 28.0 26.4

Pasture

17.2 14.9 15.2 16.9 16.7 17.1 16.4 17.3 15.7 15.0 15.7 14.9 13.5 15.4 13.9 13.4 14.4 14.4 14.2 13.6 14.1 11.8 13.6 14.6 15.0 14.2 12.1 14.9 14.8 15.6 14.6 13.9 14.8 17.0 13.9 13.8 14.6 15.5 15.4 15.6

Wood Index

33.0 32.3 26.9 27.1 32.1 34.6 32.2 34.5 32.9 25.5 27.9 26.9 31.1 32.2 33.2 36.5 29.4 26.5 29.9 33.9 31.4 32.5 29.1 24.5 27.2 24.4 24.0 24.5 24.4 23.7 21.6 24.4 23.7 24.0 24.7 25.2 24.6 24.5 22.2 23.7

Farm Index

20.0 14.3 12.4 14.2 12.5 15.7 15.2 12.1 10.7 10.1 12.1 12.2 11.1 11.4 11.6 10.7 11.7 10.3 9.6 9.2 11.7 14.3 11.2 9.4 10.1 10.3 10.1 12.5 12.6 11.5 11.7 12.4 14.4 13.0 10.8 10.3 10.0 10.3 11.8 13.2

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449

Arable

13.7 11.0 9.3 8.7 8.5 9.0 11.4 12.7 10.1 10.4 9.7 10.0 8.5 8.3 8.2 8.8 8.2 7.6 7.5 11.5 11.9 9.3 7.9 10.8 9.6 8.2 8.4 8.5 13.3 17.5 11.8 6.9 7.3 8.3 7.6 6.8 8.6 8.9 8.6 8.2

Meat

14.0 14.4 13.1 14.1 14.3 14.4 14.4 14.0 13.8 14.5 13.4 12.5 13.3 14.0 13.5 14.5 14.4 14.7 13.5 14.2 13.3 14.1 13.7 14.2 15.5 15.9 15.8 11.5 15.3 14.2 12.9 13.2 12.9 11.7 13.9 14.3 11.7 11.6 13.7 13.3

Dairy

9.2 8.6 8.6 10.7 10.4 10.4 10.2 10.0 8.9 8.1 9.6 10.2 9.9 8.9 8.1 8.9 10.7 9.9 9.9 9.8 11.7 6.6 9.1 11.4 10.8 13.7 12.3 11.4 13.7

9.8

11.4 9.1 10.2 10.1 11.4

Wool

32.7 30.4 27.1 30.6 24.8 22.9 24.3 21.6 18.8 19.0 20.4 28.9 21.1 18.3 19.7 22.0 18.8 20.7 20.1 24.5 31.3 25.8 25.1 25.3 19.7 21.8 23.6 19.5 19.2 25.5 23.2 23.4 22.9 19.9 21.3 17.4 19.9 25.3 20.1 20.4

Pasture

16.0 15.7 14.7 16.5 15.6 15.4 15.5 14.9 13.7 14.2 14.2 15.0 14.5 14.1 13.7 14.9 14.9 15.0 14.4 15.5 16.4 14.4 15.0 16.1 15.9 17.0 16.8 13.1 15.7 16.8 14.9 14.9 14.5 13.3 15.6 14.7 13.2 14.3 14.6 14.8

Wood Index

23.7 21.5 22.9 22.3 22.3 22.9 24.5 21.7 20.6 22.4 23.4 21.9 23.5 22.5 22.9 22.9 24.8 24.6 24.5 25.0 21.8 21.6 22.8 21.0 20.6 20.5 20.9 21.2 25.0 24.6 23.1 20.2 21.1 16.7 21.7 20.5 21.2 23.6 17.1 24.5

Farm Index

14.6 12.6 11.1 11.1 10.7 11.1 12.9 13.5 11.4 11.7 11.4 11.6 10.5 10.3 10.2 10.9 10.4 10.0 9.8 13.0 13.3 11.1 10.3 12.5 11.5 10.8 10.8 10.1 14.3 17.0 13.0 9.2 9.6 9.9 10.0 9.2 10.3 10.8 10.4 10.4

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489

Arable

8.4 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.8 7.8 8.8 8.3 9.4 9.2 8.8 11.0 11.4 7.7 6.3 9.5 8.9 9.1 8.6 9.0 9.2 9.9 9.3 7.9 8.4 7.8 8.3 8.8 9.3 9.7 8.8 9.0 12.8 14.1 11.2 9.2 7.7 9.5 8.8 9.7

Meat

12.2 15.2 10.5 13.1 12.4 13.3 12.7 11.7 12.0 11.7 11.8 10.9 12.1 10.3 13.4 12.9 13.6 12.8 13.0 12.9 13.3 12.9 13.6 13.6 12.0 13.7 12.7 12.2 11.4 12.1 10.2 12.1 13.0 7.4 11.0 13.3 18.1 7.8 13.4

Dairy

10.1 9.5 10.2 11.2 11.0 10.3 13.2 6.5 7.5 9.1 10.8 9.1 9.6 5.2 8.8 9.1 8.8 6.5 6.5 10.8 9.4 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.3 8.5 9.1 8.5 8.5 9.0 10.5 11.3 11.2 11.2 12.5 10.8 10.4 11.0

Wool

17.9 16.6 14.5 11.6 15.1 15.0 13.5 15.1 16.0 15.9 14.4 15.0 17.5 18.2 23.2 24.8 23.9 24.2 19.2 16.4 17.7 17.3 16.4 16.7 16.0 14.6 14.1 13.6 18.7 14.7 16.3 20.0 25.8 19.3 25.4 26.0 19.9 18.1 17.1 18.2

Pasture

13.3 14.5 12.0 12.8 13.1 13.6 13.2 11.4 12.0 12.3 12.9 11.8 13.1 10.5 14.1 14.7 13.1 14.2 12.9 12.3 12.3 12.5 12.2 13.2 12.3 12.9 12.3 12.0 13.0 12.5 10.0 13.1 15.1 10.9 13.9 15.4 17.0 12.2 10.2 14.3

Wood Index

16.2 20.9 20.0 22.3 21.8 21.0 22.7 17.8 19.7 19.1 21.2 15.1 22.8

19.5 20.9 20.7 20.1 19.4 21.1 19.8 20.9 20.1 19.9 20.2 21.5 19.7 20.4 18.1 15.8 16.5 16.8 16.2 19.0 16.3 12.6 13.5 13.3 20.0

Farm Index

10.0 11.1 10.1 10.3 10.5 9.7 10.4 9.5 10.3 10.4 10.3 11.3 12.2 8.9 8.6 11.1 10.5 10.8 10.2 10.4 10.6 11.0 10.5 9.7 9.9 9.6 9.9 10.0 10.7 10.8 9.5 10.3 13.4 12.9 12.1 10.9 10.0 10.3 9.3 11.3

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529

Arable

8.9 9.8 9.8 8.9 7.9 7.8 7.6 9.0 9.0 9.7 8.2 10.6 11.3 10.0 11.1 10.6 9.4 8.8 9.5 7.5 7.3 7.5 9.0 15.1 11.1 9.4 11.7 9.4 11.4 10.7 12.7 15.3 12.1 10.4 10.2 9.7 9.2 12.3 21.5 14.5

Meat

12.5 12.2 10.9 11.2 14.0 10.9 10.8 9.3 13.4 15.0 13.6 11.5 10.4 13.0 13.5 12.1 15.1 14.2 13.7 12.9 10.8 10.1 10.9 11.8 12.3 12.1 13.3 12.1 12.1 12.1 9.4 23.0 23.3 11.4 23.0 23.0 25.8 23.0 16.1 23.0

Dairy

11.0 8.6 10.9 9.8 11.6 15.0 10.9 8.8 8.9 10.3 12.6 8.3 6.7 8.2 10.4 12.4 10.0 8.9 10.2 6.7 6.7 6.7 13.4 10.8 7.2 9.4 9.4 15.3 11.6 13.6 12.3 12.0 8.3 12.1 9.3 12.4 13.8 10.7

Wool

16.8 14.4 18.1 16.0 17.9 15.4 18.4 18.4 14.9 17.7 14.0 16.1 16.7 15.3 17.0 17.2 14.6 14.2 15.9 17.7 18.8 19.1 18.1 19.1 18.8 20.9 23.7 22.6 24.7 19.8 22.1 20.5 18.1 21.4 16.5 16.8 20.9 22.1 19.3 21.3

Pasture

13.5 12.3 12.7 12.2 13.4 12.5 11.8 12.9 13.7 14.5 12.9 12.6 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.6 14.2 14.1 13.7 13.2 12.7 11.4 11.6 12.2 14.5 14.2 13.8 13.9 14.4 15.1 12.9 20.0 19.0 14.0 17.1 18.7 19.7 20.0 16.8 19.1

Wood Index

17.2 14.5 15.2 19.2 16.7 15.4 22.2 18.7 16.1 20.0 20.1 18.9 18.9 17.5 17.7 17.5 19.0 19.5 17.0 16.3 16.7 17.4 19.3 19.5 19.6 19.1 18.8 19.5 19.0 18.4 19.0 24.5 14.6 20.0 16.6 15.1 20.0 22.2 19.4 18.8

Farm Index

10.4 10.6 10.7 10.2 9.6 9.2 9.3 10.4 10.5 11.3 9.8 11.4 11.9 11.0 11.7 11.4 11.0 10.5 10.9 9.2 9.0 9.0 10.1 14.1 12.3 11.0 12.5 10.9 12.5 12.2 12.9 16.6 13.6 11.7 12.1 12.0 12.1 14.4 19.3 15.7

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569

Arable

13.4 14.1 14.3 15.0 12.6 13.3 15.1 13.5 11.3 11.9 12.2 14.2 13.1 14.7 14.1 16.4 23.2 13.5 11.4 16.4 22.6 28.1 23.3 19.5 20.4 26.6 36.9 43.5 17.8 22.2 22.3 25.9 26.2 29.3 29.9 21.7 22.7 23.9 26.7 25.9

Meat

23.0 20.0 15.6 12.3 18.0 10.7 10.8 9.4 11.4

9.4 14.1 12.9 15.5 19.1 21.6 25.2 42.0 33.6 29.4 42.0 24.0 42.0 26.1 23.9 51.9 34.1 23.1 22.6 23.0 25.4 25.1 25.5 26.0 28.3

Dairy

11.4 10.3 10.2 16.0 13.6 11.7 10.9 12.3 13.3 10.8 11.1 12.8 10.2

10.2 15.3 11.9 19.7 19.0 24.3 17.3 20.1 17.2 26.8 27.3 21.7 24.0 28.0 29.8 34.4 30.2 31.3 33.3 33.9 27.8 28.4 25.9 27.4 25.3

Wool

17.9 15.3 20.4 22.9 25.6 23.8 21.3 26.3 20.5 18.9 19.7 33.4 27.2 26.3 24.7 31.6 22.1 21.1 29.4 49.3 47.0 33.7 21.7 29.1 28.0 46.0 47.7 21.9 33.1 26.9 38.6 26.3 30.1 28.0 38.4 47.8 40.5

Pasture

18.7 16.5 16.7 17.6 15.7 17.9 13.4 14.6 12.8 13.7 13.5 19.9 16.4 19.7 13.2 15.7 17.4 16.5 20.2 23.8 26.9 36.7 32.7 30.0 27.5 36.3 25.8 38.8 31.8 25.3 43.1 32.5 29.8 27.2 28.5 27.9 30.3 30.3 32.6 31.9

Wood Index

15.9 25.7 15.0 19.7 19.1 19.4 25.8 25.5 19.9 20.4 19.8 16.9 18.5 20.7 28.7 23.3 23.9 18.4 30.6 24.8 26.6 19.0 26.2 32.9 35.0 34.1 33.0 31.0 35.8 34.1 23.8 40.8 29.0 32.5 33.1 28.7 34.6 32.4 30.5 39.6

Farm Index

14.7 15.1 14.7 15.8 13.6 14.7 14.8 14.2 12.0 12.6 12.8 15.5 14.0 16.1 14.3 16.2 20.8 14.4 14.3 18.5 23.6 28.8 25.4 22.6 22.8 29.1 32.1 39.9 21.9 23.3 26.6 28.1 26.8 28.2 29.0 23.3 25.0 25.6 28.0 27.8

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609

Arable

22.2 19.8 24.7 26.8 35.7 25.8 26.7 30.1 28.1 25.7 25.5 30.9 30.0 28.2 28.0 30.2 40.1 39.0 28.8 30.2 38.7 42.2 30.9 31.8 39.1 54.5 56.7 70.6 57.1 39.5 41.9 48.4 38.5 37.2 38.4 42.1 43.4 44.1 56.1 56.5

Meat

23.0 24.0 23.4 24.1 27.1 25.7 26.4 26.4 25.5 26.6 24.1 25.6 25.0 24.4 27.2 26.4 29.6 32.5 32.9 31.7 31.9 36.0 36.8 34.3 32.3 33.3 34.4 36.5 39.3 37.0 38.8 38.6 34.5 34.1 34.0 36.2 35.7 36.3 37.6 37.7

Dairy

24.1 23.8 26.4 22.3 31.8 27.2 26.3 31.7 28.8 27.5 27.6 29.9 29.5 30.6 28.2 27.0 29.4 33.5 28.6 28.6 35.6 34.7 22.3 29.7 31.4 35.9 31.7 38.2 34.6 35.3 34.7 35.7 36.5 34.5 36.1 32.6 33.7 36.6 37.2 37.1

Wool

40.8 33.2 41.0 34.5 38.4 39.7 41.3 44.0 44.6 46.0 49.1 45.1 41.0 46.4 41.0 37.0 37.5 31.4 32.8 38.1 43.8 54.5 56.5 58.5 60.3 60.7 57.0 56.8 48.9 50.7 48.4 51.9 55.8 64.8 72.2 65.0 63.5 62.4 63.9 58.5

Pasture

28.2 27.3 29.0 27.4 32.0 30.9 31.2 33.0 31.9 32.2 31.6 32.0 31.1 32.1 32.6 30.2 32.5 34.3 33.1 33.5 38.0 41.7 38.2 40.2 39.2 41.8 40.6 43.3 41.8 41.5 42.7 43.7 42.0 42.5 44.1 43.8 43.2 44.5 46.0 45.0

Wood Index

40.9 36.3 37.0 33.1 30.8 31.8 29.6 40.1 34.0 33.7 33.8 35.4 37.6 30.8 34.8 39.7 38.9 38.0 37.1 31.9 39.9 37.5 39.0 37.7 43.2 38.6 43.8 43.3 41.4 43.3 41.7 46.9 49.1 49.5 49.6 52.9 53.3 60.6 62.6 63.3

Farm Index

24.5 22.4 26.1 26.8 33.3 27.0 27.5 30.9 28.9 27.4 27.1 30.8 30.1 28.8 29.1 30.1 36.7 36.5 29.9 30.6 37.6 40.7 32.8 33.8 38.5 47.8 49.0 57.2 49.5 39.4 41.1 45.7 39.3 38.7 39.9 42.4 43.0 44.3 52.0 52.0

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649

Arable

47.9 47.1 57.8 60.7 59.3 56.3 57.7 54.9 52.2 46.9 41.6 46.5 62.1 60.8 52.1 56.1 57.4 45.5 46.5 54.9 69.2 76.4 61.5 61.8 66.7 63.8 63.8 71.8 75.7 56.9 49.3 60.7 55.2 56.1 52.6 54.5 58.2 78.0 93.7 84.2

Meat

36.5 38.0 37.8 38.6 38.2 41.6 42.0 41.2 40.8 42.0 41.2 40.2 38.3 37.1 40.1 41.5 41.2 41.1 41.2 41.2 40.6 41.6 41.3 41.2 42.8 44.5 43.8 44.6 45.4 44.7 43.9 44.3 45.7 43.8 43.0 43.6 43.6 51.2 48.2 50.0

Dairy

37.6 40.3 40.6 40.6 38.2 41.8 39.0 38.0 40.1 39.8 40.9 39.4 39.1 42.3 40.6 37.4 41.4 40.5 38.2 42.7 41.1 38.8 38.9 42.5 43.8 42.7 43.4 45.0 51.6 52.0 37.1 41.4 41.2 39.9 46.6 44.5 47.3 55.6 72.7 64.3

Wool

52.1 47.5 52.6 50.2 54.3 60.3 65.0 73.6 70.2 75.1 70.6 59.2 55.4 46.8 55.4 57.2 66.3 66.1 73.1 71.3 68.9 71.0 71.0 70.3 74.5 75.1 74.4 73.5 70.6 65.0 61.0 62.3 59.6

74.9 87.2 74.9

Pasture

43.0 43.3 44.7 44.4 44.4 49.2 49.5 49.8 49.5 50.8 50.5 47.2 45.4 43.6 46.5 46.5 49.3 48.7 49.4 50.6 50.3 49.3 49.1 50.5 52.6 54.7 53.6 55.2 56.3 54.9 50.0 50.6 51.8 44.0 50.7 44.4 45.5 60.8 65.7 63.4

Wood Index

65.8 63.8 64.3 59.9 61.5 66.9 64.2 60.7 63.9 65.1 64.7 58.9 63.5 66.0 59.0 63.7 68.0 67.2 77.8 79.0 53.5 75.3 68.6 65.1 73.7 76.8 74.5 73.8 82.2 80.4 85.9 86.3 81.3 80.7 90.4 81.7 79.9 86.3 83.4 84.8

Farm Index

46.4 45.9 52.7 53.9 53.2 53.5 54.3 52.4 51.0 48.1 44.6 46.5 55.3 54.1 49.7 52.3 54.3 46.8 48.2 53.8 60.1 65.3 56.6 57.1 61.1 60.3 59.8 64.9 68.0 56.5 50.5 57.7 54.6 52.4 53.1 51.7 54.2 71.2 81.5 75.5

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689

Arable

81.7 66.4 64.7 57.7 43.0 42.4 57.2 64.9 69.6 74.0 67.2 73.1 79.5 65.4 61.4 55.5 50.7 45.6 46.1 56.4 53.6 53.3 49.2 55.6 72.1 65.1 49.0 55.4 59.6 59.6 51.0 58.5 60.1 54.9 57.6 62.8 54.0 49.9 45.3 40.0

Meat

55.5 55.1 53.7 51.5 45.9 39.8 39.9 41.7 49.6 49.8 51.8 51.9 49.5 49.2 52.3 50.4 49.5 49.7 47.8 45.6 46.7 45.6 44.4 45.7 46.8 46.8 46.1 46.6 47.8 45.9 46.1 46.3 47.0 45.4 48.2 50.9 49.2 44.9 45.1 45.9

Dairy

54.6 65.4 36.7 46.3 42.8 43.0 49.0 50.0 49.7 54.8 48.4 48.6 47.5 50.1 52.3 48.2 50.6 55.9 51.0 46.5 52.9 49.0 50.4 51.6 55.4 53.3 63.9 54.3 56.8 56.4 48.1 53.8 50.2 54.0 51.7 55.0 44.1 45.2 47.3 47.1

Wool

60.6 55.5 39.6

41.7 42.5 42.9 40.0 35.4 50.1 46.7 56.4 47.2 37.4

37.4 65.2 39.1 70.3 40.4 34.5 36.2 30.7 60.6 24.8 32.8 47.2 38.7

37.9

28.2

Pasture

57.8 62.5 53.2 51.1 45.6 41.9 45.6 47.0 51.2 51.7 49.9 53.9 51.5 55.3 54.4 50.0 50.8 51.9 48.5 53.2 48.6 48.1 54.9 49.3 48.4 48.4 48.4 55.4 45.2 50.2 46.4 51.9 48.7 49.4 50.5 51.9 47.4 45.9 43.4 43.9

Wood Index

54.1 73.9 71.1 81.2 74.7 81.6 88.3 90.1 76.2 87.6 78.0 93.6 97.0 90.2 93.0 97.1 94.8 93.1 100.9 81.1 69.5 74.0 102.5 104.0 103.4 94.4 93.0 97.7 80.1 92.1 95.0 94.2 89.2 99.3 105.1 100.8 98.3 96.7 94.6 90.2

Farm Index

69.5 64.2 60.0 55.8 44.7 43.5 54.1 59.1 62.4 65.7 60.7 66.4 69.2 62.3 59.7 54.9 52.0 49.0 48.6 55.7 51.9 51.8 52.7 55.0 64.3 59.9 50.1 56.6 54.8 57.2 50.8 57.2 56.8 54.4 56.7 60.1 53.2 50.1 46.3 42.9

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729

Arable

43.6 41.2 55.0 68.2 64.4 56.6 65.2 69.2 79.6 75.4 59.4 47.4 46.2 44.3 51.1 46.1 47.8 46.8 57.0 75.1 79.3 65.3 57.2 57.1 66.3 56.0 58.4 56.2 51.2 51.8 60.5 54.5 47.8 50.8 55.4 58.9 63.1 60.4 74.9 68.2

Meat

45.2 44.7 44.8 48.5 51.3 54.4 53.0 49.6 52.8 52.1 51.3 51.3 50.7 46.9 45.2 45.0 44.9 43.7 45.1 46.6 50.5 52.3 48.3 48.0 45.4 47.2 48.3 50.1 49.0 47.1 49.3 48.7 46.3 43.8 45.5 47.6 49.1 48.0 48.9 51.7

Dairy

52.5 48.3 47.8 50.1 50.8 50.2 50.5 48.6 50.2 51.1 44.7 45.0 49.3 44.7 42.8 41.3 45.5 43.0 41.0 43.0 45.6 54.2 44.6 42.9 40.6 38.8 41.5 40.7 41.2 42.0 43.4 44.3 44.0 42.7 43.3 45.5 45.3 46.1 45.0 47.6

Wool

27.8 33.7 37.0 38.5 38.5 42.5 52.9 46.3 50.9 48.0 44.2 45.4 45.9 40.0 45.9 36.9 32.2 31.1 26.5 29.9 26.1 28.3 33.2 35.5 34.1 33.7 39.9 47.7 44.5 40.7 38.4 34.1 34.0 30.9 28.5 30.4 30.0 31.9 34.2

Pasture

44.6 45.8 46.8 49.3 50.6 53.6 56.2 52.0 55.4 54.6 51.5 51.8 52.8 48.2 47.7 45.6 46.1 43.7 43.2 42.5 46.1 47.4 44.5 46.2 45.0 44.8 46.4 48.3 50.2 48.8 49.5 48.2 45.1 43.8 44.2 44.8 45.9 45.5 46.5 49.0

Wood Index

84.4 93.3 97.9 95.9 94.7 94.4 98.7 97.4 104.2 95.6 111.9 93.9 93.4 87.1 90.0 87.5 84.6 85.5 89.2 92.0 94.8 90.4 102.7 94.2 95.8 98.0 84.8 86.9 84.1 88.0 86.1 79.5 89.0 85.5 84.6 85.4 94.5 84.4 88.8 91.5

Farm Index

45.2 44.3 53.6 62.1 60.3 56.6 62.9 63.7 71.2 68.1 57.5 50.6 50.3 47.2 50.6 47.1 48.0 46.5 51.4 58.7 62.5 57.1 52.8 53.1 56.7 52.1 53.2 53.2 51.4 51.3 55.6 51.8 47.8 48.6 50.8 52.7 55.6 53.7 60.6 59.2

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769

Arable

52.5 50.0 45.7 44.9 51.0 55.2 57.6 55.4 53.0 51.4 66.3 66.9 53.1 45.3 42.0 44.5 49.5 46.1 49.4 54.0 51.1 53.9 58.2 60.4 56.3 50.2 59.8 80.3 68.4 53.1 52.2 48.9 56.3 66.9 67.7 73.7 73.2 78.7 74.0 63.0

Meat

50.5 49.0 46.4 44.6 41.6 41.8 44.6 45.5 44.9 45.5 47.9 52.7 51.7 48.5 46.0 45.0 45.7 46.4 47.6 46.9 45.3 46.0 45.8 45.7 50.0 49.0 49.3 50.9 53.5 53.4 49.6 50.0 49.0 49.0 51.2 52.8 55.9 59.9 59.6 57.2

Dairy

47.0 44.2 43.5 42.0 41.9 42.3 42.4 44.2 43.8 44.2 45.1 50.3 50.7 45.2 42.6 41.6 44.8 48.0 47.2 47.1 46.3 44.8 45.3 46.0 47.1 47.7 47.5 48.0 48.2 48.8 47.4 48.1 47.3 47.2 46.4 47.8 48.1 50.1 49.3 49.7

Wool

32.9 36.4 35.0 35.3 32.5 29.8 26.9 27.5 25.8 24.9 25.8 25.6 27.2 34.1 36.5 33.6 33.3 32.7 33.8 35.8 37.5 38.6 41.4 28.8 30.2 29.1 29.3 36.9 41.4 37.5 36.2 31.3 30.6 36.3 37.6 36.7 39.1 35.9 30.5 29.5

Pasture

47.5 48.0 46.6 45.1 42.1 41.5 41.9 43.2 42.3 42.0 44.7 47.3 48.2 47.3 46.1 44.3 45.1 46.0 46.5 47.1 47.1 47.0 47.8 44.4 47.6 46.3 46.0 50.0 53.0 51.6 48.6 47.5 46.8 48.3 49.5 50.6 53.0 53.5 51.7 50.7

Wood Index

89.1 88.3 79.4 85.7 88.4 78.2 85.0 81.8 83.4 80.5 84.6 83.1 82.8 82.1 77.9 85.7 85.2 79.2 82.2 80.6 85.4 78.2 93.7 90.3 95.3 83.8 74.8 88.5 85.3 82.3 86.1 76.0 79.1 83.1 83.4 98.2 84.4 81.2 88.0 85.0

Farm Index

51.2 50.1 46.8 46.2 48.0 49.1 50.7 50.2 48.8 47.7 55.8 57.2 51.4 47.1 44.6 45.6 48.4 46.8 48.9 51.2 50.1 51.0 54.3 53.5 53.4 49.2 53.0 64.6 60.8 52.8 50.9 48.5 52.0 58.0 59.0 62.6 63.4 66.1 63.2 57.4

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809

Arable

64.0 75.9 82.3 86.1 86.1 83.1 70.1 73.6 69.8 60.4 60.9 70.2 74.8 88.1 88.1 76.2 77.5 75.4 76.0 80.5 82.5 80.9 79.6 88.8 95.9 109.6 119.5 92.4 86.7 110.5 171.4 191.8 107.4 100.5 99.2 137.7 123.3 131.5 131.0 143.0

Meat

57.6 60.2 63.4 63.8 61.8 61.9 61.8 61.6 62.5 62.8 61.6 60.5 59.0 61.0 63.1 66.6 63.3 67.4 68.9 67.0 67.8 69.6 70.2 71.5 71.4 75.4 86.2 96.6 90.9 88.3 102.9 123.0 122.8 115.2 110.6 109.5 109.8 107.8 114.2 121.2

Dairy

50.6 50.8 56.2 56.6 56.6 55.0 56.0 57.9 60.7 60.8 58.7 56.2 55.8 56.9 57.4 57.0 59.3 59.2 58.8 57.4 59.3 60.7 60.6 63.0 63.3 64.5 69.1 79.0 79.8 80.4 87.9 93.5 91.7 91.6 95.5 99.0 99.1 103.6 108.7 109.8

Wool

29.3 32.5 30.5 31.9 34.6 36.1 35.4 33.6 29.7 26.9 29.4 27.1 24.3 28.3 32.6 30.2 31.7 40.5 40.6 40.6 42.7 41.9 53.2 41.5 42.8 47.0 48.8 47.4 45.3 58.2 57.4 63.7 66.2 65.8 72.7 80.7 75.0 66.9 61.6 81.9

Pasture

51.3 53.6 57.4 58.7 57.0 57.1 58.6 58.3 57.1 55.8 56.2 54.8 53.1 56.2 59.2 60.5 59.6 62.1 63.3 62.7 63.1 63.4 67.6 67.0 67.4 70.9 79.1 84.7 79.1 83.1 94.4 106.8 105.4 103.1 102.6 103.4 101.9 101.1 105.5 113.9

Wood Index

89.1 85.4 91.8 101.4 96.0 101.6 102.1 100.2 103.4 96.7 82.1 83.8 89.0 86.2 86.5 84.1 83.8 80.3 86.5 81.9 85.0 87.8 81.6 84.1 86.3 88.7 89.5 97.1 105.6 113.9 107.4 107.7 104.0 117.9 120.4 123.0 128.2 133.9 144.5 144.2

Farm Index

58.2 65.0 70.1 72.7 71.7 70.4 65.0 66.6 64.1 58.6 58.9 62.9 64.3 71.9 73.6 68.7 68.9 69.0 70.0 71.9 73.1 72.5 73.8 78.1 81.6 89.7 98.7 88.7 83.3 97.1 130.1 145.9 106.0 101.6 100.6 120.6 113.0 116.7 118.9 128.9

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849

Arable

156.7 148.4 188.9 174.2 125.4 106.7 118.6 152.5 153.0 132.5 106.5 91.9 81.6 96.1 113.1 124.5 109.3 107.5 104.5 103.1 114.4 108.8 98.4 89.1 85.6 84.4 91.3 99.5 104.1 118.9 111.2 108.8 95.2 92.3 94.1 95.0 96.6 125.2 87.6 88.2

Meat

122.8 124.0 128.5 146.1 151.5 126.8 101.9 99.5 103.8 123.3 118.7 101.7 79.0 77.3 89.4 101.2 103.5 100.9 99.5 94.8 83.4 87.9 89.0 84.7 81.4 73.6 82.3 85.5 89.8 86.6 88.1 94.4 84.7 70.5 72.7 73.2 86.5 96.2 93.2 80.6

Dairy

114.3 121.8 124.4 120.7 123.5 124.0 108.8 102.9 117.1 118.3 110.7 105.9 97.0 95.0 101.3 112.5 109.6 106.2 105.5 99.8 96.7 102.0 98.8 97.1 90.0 90.7 99.3 101.4 99.7 100.7 102.1 101.7 97.6 92.1 89.7 92.4 96.8 97.8 91.6 89.1

Wool

78.8 58.6 66.5 75.3 94.1 97.3 65.0 76.3 101.5 73.3 70.9 59.7 55.2 57.4 61.4 71.9 43.8 42.9 46.8 37.4 45.1 54.2 57.4 62.3 82.3 78.7 86.0 66.5 71.7 76.5 66.6 54.3 49.7 49.3 59.3 67.1 59.8 55.9 51.3 47.5

Pasture

117.0 116.6 118.3 125.7 133.5 122.5 99.1 98.4 110.7 116.7 107.7 93.9 80.5 81.5 92.4 102.2 94.9 94.0 92.0 83.8 79.9 85.9 88.0 84.6 86.2 81.5 89.1 88.3 92.5 91.0 89.0 90.6 82.5 73.7 76.4 80.3 85.3 88.5 84.6 76.6

Wood Index

153.3 142.5 150.6 158.8 161.1 153.5 136.4 132.4 142.0 128.5 127.3 125.1 123.8 130.7 127.3 125.5 128.0 117.8 120.4 121.2 117.4 116.9 120.5 119.7 136.5 123.4 119.1 127.3 123.7 130.5 127.7 122.7 119.0 119.7 121.2 119.7 112.0 101.4 94.7 97.7

Farm Index

137.1 132.8 152.4 150.0 129.0 113.7 109.4 124.9 132.0 124.7 107.0 93.0 81.4 89.5 103.3 113.7 102.6 101.1 98.7 94.1 97.4 97.8 93.7 87.2 86.3 83.4 90.5 94.5 98.8 105.5 100.7 100.2 89.4 83.7 85.9 88.3 91.3 106.6 86.1 82.7

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889

Arable

74.3 76.9 79.9 94.8 114.2 114.5 109.4 104.3 88.7 86.3 102.4 105.2 103.3 89.9 81.5 84.6 99.9 117.3 116.9 99.0 94.6 105.2 106.6 111.8 114.0 97.7 97.1 109.9 98.2 91.9 92.6 91.3 93.2 91.5 83.6 78.9 72.3 71.3 72.9 72.5

Meat

75.9 74.5 75.5 88.2 93.2 95.6 96.0 98.1 91.7 94.7 100.5 99.1 94.5 94.3 99.0 106.9 106.6 96.9 96.1 106.0 109.7 110.0 110.9 116.0 108.7 117.0 117.1 105.8 103.6 97.3 104.7 108.1 111.2 111.6 101.5 91.7 86.8 80.7 82.2 85.9

Dairy

85.2 76.3 72.2 79.6 86.9 93.9 100.4 99.1 94.8 94.3 99.1 96.2 94.8 94.0 95.2 106.6 108.7 100.1 100.3 105.0 101.5 103.5 103.2 106.0 108.3 109.2 108.8 114.5 107.3 97.3 100.9 102.8 102.3 104.0 99.6 98.4 90.7 94.8 93.3 90.7

Wool

51.7 58.4 63.7 74.8 72.5 60.8 74.8 95.8 73.0 87.1 94.1 91.2 95.8 105.8 128.0 120.4 109.9 88.3 81.8 84.7 78.3 100.0 119.8 114.5 97.0 92.3 83.0 76.0 70.1 58.4 70.7 57.9 52.6 46.8 46.8 46.2 46.8 49.1 48.5 51.4

Pasture

74.6 74.2 72.2 85.8 90.5 92.1 95.3 96.1 89.0 93.3 101.9 99.5 94.1 93.5 98.7 108.4 106.4 96.5 95.6 105.2 103.2 109.9 106.7 108.9 99.9 109.0 110.5 104.0 99.2 90.9 97.6 98.4 101.0 96.8 92.0 85.8 83.0 81.8 84.7 84.7

Wood Index

94.9 94.2 79.5 100.4 120.8 108.2 112.9 95.8 89.0 102.5 104.9 105.8 105.8 104.0 131.9 112.2 83.5 79.4 83.5 89.0

Farm Index

74.8 75.9 76.2 90.5 102.1 103.0 102.5 100.3 89.1 90.1 102.5 102.6 98.9 92.1 90.3 96.2 103.1 106.4 105.8 102.2 100.6 108.7 107.0 110.1 104.5 105.5 106.3 106.1 99.1 91.4 96.2 96.3 98.7 95.3 89.4 83.8 79.6 78.5 80.9 80.8

Appendix Table 4: Price Indices (cont.) Year

1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914

Arable

76.4 82.9 74.6 70.8 66.1 60.5 62.9 66.3 73.9 66.9 65.7 67.3 69.6 67.8 65.6 75.4 74.2 73.0 74.2 81.3 74.8 81.5 84.2 76.0 87.9

Meat

80.1 81.4 85.2 90.6 84.7 77.1 69.3 76.0 76.0 73.0 84.2 84.5 87.3 86.2 87.0 88.5 91.3 93.6 91.1 88.7 95.2 90.7 103.0 101.7 106.9

Dairy

87.7 88.5 90.8 88.1 85.3 78.0 71.6 77.6 72.3 79.5 81.3 81.9 84.0 83.0 88.4 84.8 75.6 78.6 85.7 85.0 84.4 84.4 90.9 91.6 94.0

Wool

51.4 45.6 40.9 47.9 47.3 56.1 53.8 45.0 40.9 38.6 36.8 32.2 29.2 33.9 47.3 57.9 62.6 57.3 39.7 42.1 46.2 46.8 49.1 57.9 59.0

Pasture

77.8 77.7 83.2 90.9 85.9 76.0 69.6 74.3 72.0 71.7 78.4 79.5 81.7 80.0 82.9 83.5 82.0 83.8 81.5 80.8 84.2 85.0 94.7 94.5 93.0

Wood Index

Farm Index

77.5 79.5 80.6 84.1 79.2 70.8 67.5 71.8 72.8 70.3 74.3 75.6 77.8 76.1 77.1 81.0 79.6 80.4 79.3 81.2 81.2 84.1 91.5 88.4 91.6

Table 5: The Source of Price Data

Source

Wheat

Archival Sources Beveridge Mss, LSE

Wheat (387), Rye (84), Barley (107), Oats (85), Peas (62), Beans (83), Straw (49), Saffron (53), Hay (258), Fats (918), Milk (85), Butter (92), Cheese (10), Wool (13), Firewood (246), Timber (260), Cider (221), Honey (126)

Cheshire Record Office

Hay (11)

Dorset Record Office

Suet (8), Butter (22), Cheese (7)

Essex Record Office

Hay (46)

Farmer Mss

Wheat (8,501)

Guildhall Library

Firewood (52)

Kings College, Cambridge

Hay (28), Firewood (5), Timber (47)

Lancashire Record Office

Hay (43)

Staffordshire Record Office Hay (19)

Printed Sources Afton and Turner (2000)

Wheat (64), Barley (64), Oats (64), Beans (80), Potatoes (61), Beef (65), Mutton (66), Pork (52), Tallow (60), Eggs (96), Milk (17), Butter (61), Cheese (25), Wool (69)

Atkins (1977)

Hay (60)

Bailey (1953)

Grease (2)

Table 5: The Source of Price Data (cont.)

Source

Wheat

Barmby (1888, 96)

Hay (33), Grease (3), Wool (34)

Beveridge (1929)

Wheat (476)

Beveridge (1939)

Wheat (187), Barley (378), Oats (280), Peas (210), Beans (280), Straw (458), Potatoes (70), Hops (742), Hay (317), Beef (471), Mutton (281), Pork (415), Bacon (210), Fats (645), Eggs (304), Milk (297), Cream (160), Milk (613), Cheese (711), Firewood (392), Timber (116)

Botelho (1999)

Straw (5)

Boulton (2000)

Beef (109), Suet (88), Eggs (90), Cream (63)

Bowden (1967, 1985)

Wool (230)

Burgess (2000)

Wheat (9), Saffron (30)

Campbell et al. (1993)

Wheat (35)

Coleman (1984)

Wheat (19)

Doree (1994)

Grease (11), Timber (4)

Erskine (1981)

Straw (13), Hay (24), Fats (18)

Farmer (1988, 1991b)

Barley (270), Oats (263), Peas (263), Cheese (242), Wool (268)

Finberg (1951)

Butter (74), Cheese (61), Wool (18)

Gayer, Rostow, Schwartz (1953)

Pork (61), Tallow (61)

Gentleman’s Magazine, 1797-1865

Straw (70), Hay (70), Beef (11), Pork (38), Tallow (83)

Gras (1915)

Wheat (84), Barley (11), Oats (3)

Table 5: The Source of Price Data (cont.)

Source

Wheat

Hill (1956, 1966)

Wheat (256), Rye (130), Barley (145), Oats (206), Peas (132), Beans (184)

John (1989)

Wheat (80), Rye (109), Barley (119), Oats (80), Peas (89), Beans (31), Potatoes (50), Beef (162), Butter (70), Cheese (35), Wool (280)

Marsh (1913-39)

Saffron (34), Beef (3), Suet (4), Milk (19), Butter (16), Timber (21)

Maslen (1993)

Straw (4), Fats (2), Butter (7)

Mercer (1928)

Straw (2)

Mitchell and Deane (1971)

Wheat (221), Wool (69)

Mellows (1939)

Barley (6)

Northeast (1982)

Straw (4)

Parliamentary Papers (1903)

Potatoes (48), Hops (104), Beef (83), Mutton (125), Bacon (29), Fats (78), Eggs (41), Milk (132), Butter (230), Cheese (88)

Plomer (1915)

Timber (5)

Rappaport (1989)

Cream (104)

Sauerbeck (1886)

Timber (24)

Stallard (1922)

Straw (2), Grease (2)

Swayne (1896)

Straw (3), Timber (8)

Table 5: The Source of Price Data (cont.)

Source

Wheat

Thorold Rogers (1862, 1882, 1888, 1902)

Wheat (2,321), Rye (108), Barley (699), Oats (421), Peas (441), Beans (484), Straw (642), Potatoes (48), Hops (28), Mustard Seed (207), Saffron (136), Hay (890), Beef (214), Fats (622), Eggs (394), Milk (28), Cream (66), Butter (419), Cheese (58), Wool (161), Firewood (960), Timber (257), Cider (115), Honey (146)

Tooke and Newmarsh

Timber (75)

(1857) Wardle (1923)

Tallow (2), Firewood (22)

Weatherill (1990)

Fats (5)

Weaver and Clark (1925)

Barley (2)

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