The Ocean of Tomorrow Prof. Dr. Phoebe Koundouri Director, ReSEES: Research Unit on Socio-Economic and Environmental Sustainability ATHENS UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS http://www.aueb.gr/users/koundouri/resees 1

The Ocean of Tomorrow European Strategy for Marine and Maritime Research COM (2008) 534 Call FP7-OCEAN-2011: Joining research forces to meet challenges in ocean management

Topic 1: Multi-use offshore platforms (15 million EUR, 3 projects) (Energy, Environment, Food-Agric.-Fisheries-Biotech., Transport) … to develop novel innovative designs for multi-use offshore platforms … assess the technical, economical and environmental feasibility of constructing, installing, operating, servicing, maintaining and decommissioning, together with the related transport aspects. … shall target ocean renewable energy, and in particular offshore wind, aquaculture and the related transport maritime services. Policy: Marine Strategy Framework Directive Initiatives: Blue Growth, Energy 2020

3 funded projects

OCEAN.2011-1: Multi-use offshore platforms

Development of a wind- wave power open-sea platform equipped for hydrogen generation with support for multiple users of energy

http://www.h2ocean-project.eu/

Innovative multi-purpose offshore platforms: planning, design and operation

http://www.mermaidproject.eu/

Modular multi-use deep water offshore platform harnessing and servicing Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical marine resources

http://www.troposplatform.eu/

DEVELOPMENT OF A WIND-WAVE POWER OPEN-SEA PLATFORM EQUIPPED FOR HYDROGEN GENERATION WITH SUPPORT FOR MULTIPLE USERS OF ENERGY

www.h2ocean-project.eu Armando J Palomar, Coordinator [email protected]

The research and activities performed in the frame of the H2OCEAN project have received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement nº 288145.

Basic data TITLE: Development of a wind-wave power open-sea platform equipped for hydrogen generation with support for multiple users of energy OBJECTIVE: To arrive at a proof-of-concept design for a new fully integrated multipurpose platform to make the most of the sea resources, fostering activities such as renewable power harvesting + aquaculture + environmental monitoring, and to assess the impact of such platform at environmental and economical levels. COST: EUR 6,05 million (EUR 4,53 million EC contribution: 74,9%) DURATION: 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2014 (3 years, 36 months)

Consortium Organizations (17):

DK (2), ES (6*), GE (2), IT (2), UK (5) SME (10), RTD (6), Large Enterprise (1) Renewables 5 SME, 1 RTD Rev. Osmosis 1 SME, 2 RTD Hydrogen 1 RTD Aquaculture 3 SME Maritime 1 LE, 1 RTD

18 FLOATING POWER PLANT A/S

ICT 1 SME, 1 RTD

Consortium WP8

WP7

WP6

WP5

WP10

WP4

Concept (initial)

H2OCEAN concept ©2011 VirtualPiE Ltd

Process diagram (initial) INPUT

Surveillance and security

Radar + monitoring

wind power

sea water

Energy harvesting

Reverse osmosis

O

Electrolysis

H

fish

Platform management

Shipping operations H

H2OCEAN Process Diagram

2

2

H2 generatio - Energy storage n

H O (Fresh water) 2

Logistics and safety

Multi - trophic

electricity/hydraulic power H O 2

feed

Aquaculture electricity

VAWT + WEC

Desalination

OUTPUT

fish eggs

wave power

2

fish

Work packages WP1 Project Management WP2 Technical and Scientific Coordination

WP10 Technology integration into platform design WP9 Impact Assessment WP8 Logistics, Operations and Safety

WP3 Analysis of requirements & development of tools for optimal location WP4 Combined harvesting of open sea renewable energy

WP5 Offshore hydrogen generation WP6 Energy storage and transport systems WP7 Autonomous offshore aquaculture system WP11 Communication, Dissemination and Exploitation

Sites selection BASIC ASSUMPTIONS Distance offshore (operation, maintenance and installation costs): a minimum of 25 km and a maximum of 100 km offshore Depth (practical, proven and economically feasible mooring solution): a maximum site depth of 100 m

1) An Atlantic site, off the West coast of Portugal offering an energetic wave resource. 2) A North Sea site, off the East coast of Scotland offering an excellent wind resource and infrastructure, with a contrasting aquaculture solution to the other sites. 3) A Mediterranean site, off the West coast of Sardinia with relatively benign wind and wave energy, offering a different multi-trophic solution to the other sites. A potential fourth tropical site (most likely in the Caribbean) could be considered.

Impact

ENERGY WAVE

Fish

Seaweed

HYDROGEN

Mollusc

Urchin

Food security

WIND

AQUACULTURE

Multi-Trophic System

Renewable energy consumption & Low carbon economy Growth of aquaculture industry & Food security Development of other emerging green technologies Achievement of European Maritime Policy objectives

DEVELOPMENT OF A WIND-WAVE POWER OPEN-SEA PLATFORM EQUIPPED FOR HYDROGEN GENERATION WITH SUPPORT FOR MULTIPLE USERS OF ENERGY

www.h2ocean-project.eu Armando J Palomar, Coordinator [email protected]

The research and activities performed in the frame of the H2OCEAN project have received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement nº 288145.

MERMAID: Innovative multi-purpose offshore platforms: planning, Design and operation (2012-2015) http://www.mermaidproject.eu/ FP7-OCEAN-2011, OCEAN.2011-1: Multi-use offshore platforms

Total budget is 7.4 million Euro EC contribution is 5.5 million Euro Project Coordinator: Prof. Damgaard Christensen, Erik www.mek.dtu.dk/English/Service/Phonebook.aspx?lg=showcommon &id=349&type=person, MERMAID

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Focus on specific challenges in: • Baltic Sea, representing a typical estuarine area with fresh water from rivers and salt water from the North Sea; • Trans-boundary area of the North Sea-Wadden Sea, representing a typical active morphology site; • Atlantic Ocean, representing a typical deep water site; • Mediterranean Sea, representing a typical sheltered deep water site.

MERMAID

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Objectives Effective Management Procedures: - Addressing variations in legislation and policies: Institutional Acceptance -Attraction of developers and investors: Financial Feasibility - Stakeholder involvement: Socio-economic and Ecological Acceptance Innovative Technology and Design: - Integrated concepts for extraction of renewable ocean energy - Offshore aquaculture technology - Large scale platform design concepts - Integration of technologies and services

Sustainable Integration: - Dynamic and Spatial Environmental and Ecological Sustainability of MUP - Socio-economic viability of MUP compared to single use Integration of Management, Technology, Social-economics at 4 contrasting Test Sites: - Suitable for immediate use. - Provide tools, techniques and decision support systems that may be applied, tested and validated. MERMAID are of real value, practicable and usable. 16 - Use test sites to ensure that MERMAID deliverables

Work-package structure •

WP1: Project management

WP1 Project management (DTU, Denmark)

WP3 Renewable Energy (UC, Spain)

•

WP4 Aquaculture (DHI, Denmark)

•

WP5 Physical conditions (Deltares, Netherlands)

•

WP6 Optimisation of operation and transport related activities.(STATOIL, Norway)

•

WP7 Platform plan, design and integration (UniBo, Italy)

•

WP8 Feasability of MUP (AUEB, Greece)

•

WP9 Dissimination and outreach (VLIZ, Belgium)

Active Morphology

Open deep water

Sheltered deep water

WP6: Transport and optimization of installation, operation, and decom.

•

WP5: Sinteraction of platform with hydrodynamic conditions and seabed

Estuarine

WP4: Systems for sustainable aquaculture and ecological based design

WP2 Policy,mangement and planning (DLO, Netherlands)

WP7: Innovative Platform plan and design

•

WP3: Renewable energy conversion from wind and waves

WP2: Assessment of policy management and planning strategies

WP8: Economical, technical and environmental feasibility of multi-use platforms

MERMAID

WP9: Project dissemination & outreach activities

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Participants • 28 Participants: • 11 Universities • 8 Research institutes

• 5 Industries • 4 SME’s MERMAID

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The MERMAID MUP assessment tool (MUP.AT) http://www.madgik.di.uoa.gr/mermaid/?q=datasets

AIMS: 1. Select CS-specific MUP design 2. Identify Cost /Benefits of MUP design 3. Integrate Cost/Benefits in CBA ASSESSMENT PROCESS AND CRITERIA: 1. Technical Feasibility Assessment (TFA) 2. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 3. Financial and Economic Assessment (FEA) 4. Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA)

MERMAID

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Baltic Sea TFA • Technically feasible • Potential combined use Risks • New political skepticism on the climate change and benefits from using renewable energies (all) FEA • Enough F&E Information Risks • Sensitivity to changes of output/input prices • Difficulty in time horizon and interest rate definition

EIA • EIA is available (single use, wind farm) • Wind farm aquacultural Risks • No risks identified at this stage SCBA • Some monetary evaluation of externalities (TEEB) Risks • Uncertainty and missing information of external effects and perception formation MERMAID

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North and Wadden Sea TFA • Technically feasible • Potential combined use Risks • Revenues are depended on oil and energy prices • Aquaculture needs market development FEA • Not enough F&E information at this stage Risks • Not risks identified at this stage

EIA • EIA on wind Risks • No risks identified at this stage

SCBA • Not enough information on SCBA Risks • Not risks identified at this stage

MERMAID

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Atlantic Sea TFA • Technically feasible • Potential combined use Risks • Reliability of technique (WA, EC, AQ) • Uncertainty about estimates of costs and revenues (exc. FT) • Impact diffusion (all) • Political uncertainty (exc. EC & FT)

EIA • EIA on sea-energy available Risks • Uncertainty about climate change and other Env. Parameters (all) • Non-linear env. effects (AQ & FT) • Irreversible env. effects (AQ & FT)

FEA • Some F&E Information • Not enough information on efficiency prices for inputs and outputs of the investment Risks • Sensitivity to changes of output/input prices • Difficulty in time horizon and interest rate definition

SCBA • Not enough information on SCBA Risks • Uncertainty and missing information of external effects and perception formation MERMAID

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Mediterranean Sea TFA (Engineers and Economist) • Technically feasible • Potential combined use (except floating wave) Risks • Uncertainty about estimates of costs and revenues • Some uncertainty about reliability of technique • Political uncertainty FEA • Not enough F&E information at this stage Risks • No risks identified at this stage

EIA (Ecologists) • Assessment for some env impacts • Possibility of significant environmental impact Risks • Uncertainty about climate change and other env. parameters • Some non-linear env. effects • Possible irreversible env. effects

SCBA • Not enough information on SCBA Risks • No risks identified at this stage

MERMAID

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MERMAID: Innovative multi-purpose offshore platforms: planning, Design and operation (2012-2015) http://www.mermaidproject.eu/ FP7-OCEAN-2011, OCEAN.2011-1: Multi-use offshore platforms

Total budget is 7.4 million Euro EC contribution is 5.5 million Euro Project Coordinator: Prof. Damgaard Christensen, Erik www.mek.dtu.dk/English/Service/Phonebook.aspx?lg=showcommon &id=349&type=person, MERMAID

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Modular Multi-use Deep Water Offshore Platform Harnessing and Servicing Mediterranean, Subtropical and Tropical Marine and Maritime Resources

TROPOS Project 2nd International Conference on Research Infrastructures Megaron Athens 2nd – 4th April 2014 Joaquín Hernández Brito TROPOS Project Coordinator

3 funded projects

OCEAN.2011-1: Multi-use offshore platforms

Development of a wind- wave power open-sea platform equipped for hydrogen generation with support for multiple users of energy

http://www.h2ocean-project.eu/

Innovative multi-purpose offshore platforms: planning, design and operation

http://www.mermaidproject.eu/

Modular multi-use deep water offshore platform harnessing and servicing Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical marine resources

http://www.tropospl atform.eu/

Vision

Deep waters Floating device Modular approach Cost efficiency Easy logistics

Customizable TEAL approach

Objectives  Determine ideal locations for multi-use offshore platforms in tropical, subtropical and Mediterranean regions.  Research integration renewable energies (wind), offshore aquaculture, maritime transport and recreational activities.  Develop an innovative design for a Multi-use Offshore Platform that enables the integration of these activities.  Study the new platform’s logistical requirements: security, installation, operation, maintenance, etc.

 Asses the economic feasibility and viability  Develop environmental impact methodology and assessment.

 Configure THREE COMPLETE SOLUTIONS: Mediterranean, Subtropical and Tropical scenarios.

Main Deliverables The main scientific and technological results/deliverables of the project include: • A map of optimal areas of installation drawn from a comprehensive geographic information framework. • A novel design of a modular off-shore platform with integrated technologies and services including: wind and ocean energy, aquaculture, maritime transport, tourism and ocean environmental monitoring.

• A comprehensive viability strategy. • A comprehensive environmental impact methodology and assessment. • Complete Design Specification of 3 systems.

Work Packages WP number

WP title

WP1

Project Management

WP2

Geographic and Module Benchmarking and Decision Methodology

WP3

Conceptual Design of Platform Components and Integration

WP4

Engineering Specification for Chosen Platform Designs

WP5

Strategy: Economics, Infrastructure and Logistics

WP6

Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact, Legal Issues

WP7

Communication, Dissemination and Technology Transfer

WP8

Scientific and Technical Coordination

BACKGROUND –TROPOS Progress WPs

Management stages (based on semesters)

02/04/14

1

2

M1-M6

M7-M12

3

4

5

6

PROGRESS

WP1 WP2 WP3

WP4 WP5

WP6 WP7 WP8 M12-M18 M19-M24

23 sent deliverables

M25-M30 M31-M36

13 deliverables to be sent

TROPOS CONSORTIUM

• • • • • •

1 Public Consortium 1 Association 7 Universities 3 Research Orgs. 4 Enterprises 4 SMEs

TROPOS TEAL COMPONENTS

TROPOS LOCATIONS

GIS Tool to decide TROPOS locations

3 platform configurations combining the TEAL Components (Conceptual Designs)

Green & Blue Concept

Green & Blue Concept • Floating offshore platform infrastructure • Based on Energy and Aquaculture components • To avoid industrial activities which might compromise the water quality

• Two main sub-concepts 1. Fish aquaculture plus floating offshore wind and wave 2. OTEC plus aquaculture, “sea ranching”

(April)

Sustainable Production Concept

Sustainable Production Concept • Modular industrial type of a far offshore infrastructure • Focused on transport and its energy related aspects • Large floating offshore port with dedicated infrastructure  Repair and maintenance of large ships, floating docks  Support the offshore mining industry  Offshore terminal for handling of dangerous goods such as oil and gas  Accommodation for these industries work forces  Fuel supply to ships, fresh water and food

Leisure Island Concept

Leisure Island

Leisure Island Concept • Floating platform moored not very far away from the coast • Not-self propelled platform with catenary mooring • Focused on leisure, looking for synergies with energy, aquaculture and transport

• Formed by 5 modules  Visitors Centre  Food&Beverage  Accomodation  Nautical Activities Marina

 Safety & Security and Environmental Monitoring

Central Unit Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH)

Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull, better known by the acronym SWATH, is a twin-hull design that minimizes hull cross section area at the sea's surface Maximizes a vessel's stability, even in high seas

Central Unit Infography

Central Unit 3D (conceptual design, first simulations tests concluded)

Integration with: Modules (directly connected to Central Unit) Satellites (indirectly connected to Central Unit)

Central Unit connected with a module

Satellite Unit

THANK YOU! www.troposplatform.eu

H2OCEAN, MERMAID, TROPOS INTEGRATION WRT: 1. Socio-Economic Analysis 2. Environment Impact Assessment 3. Life Cycle Assessment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Integrating Socio-Economic Analysis: 1. Socio-economic methodology 2. Framework for socio-economic data collection 3. Data analysis methodology 4. Stakeholder Methodologies 5. Policy Briefs

Why Social Cost Benefit Analysis? • SCBA is decision support tool to compare in monetary terms benefits and costs of a proposal (project, policy or programme), including: - financial and economic impacts - impacts on environmental resources and services that are not owned or traded in the markets. The methodology applies the standard, best-practice methodology of European Commission CBA: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guide s/cost/guide2008_en.pdf

MERMAID

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ASSESSMENT PROCESS AND CRITERIA: 1. Technical Feasibility Assessment (TFA) 2. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 3. Financial and Economic Assessment (FEA) 4. Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA)

Total Economic Value Structure & Processes

Ecosystem Services

Anthropocentric Values

Human Benefits Use Values

Non-Use Values

Environment Total Economic Value

Use Value

Actual use Value

Direct Use Value

Non-use Value

Option Value

Existence Value

Indirect Use Value

For Others

Bequest Value MERMAID

Altruistic Value 56

The Economics of Ecosystem & Biodiversity TEEB Towards calculating TEV Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005): i. Provisioning services: products obtained by ecosystems. ii. Regulating services: benefits arising from regulation of ecosystem processes such a carbon sequestration, flood protection, erosion control and waste management. iii. Cultural services: use and non-use benefits of ecosystems for individuals such as benefits arising from recreational and educational purposes. iv. Supporting services: services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services. These benefits have an effect on human wellbeing indirectly (through provisioning, regulating or cultural services) and usually occur in the very long-term.

An example on Marine Resources

MERMAID

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Risk Analysis, Uncertainty Analysis Project-Specific Risks : (i) financial and economic (ii) natural – environmental (iii) technological

Sensitivity Analysis: relates proportional changes in the critical variables to NPV/IRR values. Uncertainty Analysis: Computational algorithm based on random sampling and on assigning specific subjective probability distributions to important cash flow variables. The Figure provides a Monte Carlo histogram for NPV, which was obtained after 1000 repetitions. MERMAID

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Forthcoming Book: The Ocean of Tomorrow (Vol. I and II): Socio-economic Methodology and Empirical Applications for Multi-Use Offshore Platforms Investments Springer Academic Publishers: http://www.springer.com/

Contact details: Prof. Dr. Phoebe Koundouri Director of ReSEES, AUEB and LSE Email: [email protected] Webpage: MERMAID http://www.aueb.gr/users/koundouri/resees/

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ReSEES: Research Team on Socio-Economic and Environmental Sustainability Website: http://www.aueb.gr/users/koundouri/resees/ Director: Professor Dr Phoebe Koundouri ReSEES Mission Statement: ReSEES does policy relevant interdisciplinary research on environmental, natural resources and energy issues. The overreaching goal of ReSEES theoretical and empirical research is to support the understanding and implementation of Sustainable Development, as the only nonself-destructive path of socio-economic development. Research tools will include financial analysis, socio-economic and econometric analysis, environmental valuation, political and institutional analysis, integrated environmentaleconomic modeling, life cycle analysis, risk analysis, geographical information systems, multi-stakeholder mediations techniques, game theory, information technology decision making tool development. ReSEES in numbers (1996-2013):

Total research funding attracted: 20 million euro Number of collaborating Universities and Research Institutions: 150 Number of collaborating/employed Researchers: 500 Number of published peer-reviewed research papers and books: 250 Geographical distribution of research funding and research implementation: Europe, US, Latin America, Africa, Asia, Australia. ReSEES output has influenced policy and attracted mass media coverage all over the world.