SUB Hamburg
A/542454
The Native American Mascot Controversy A Handbook
Edited by C. Richard King
THE SCARECROW PRESS, INC.
Lanham • Toronto • Plymouth, UK 2010
Contents
Preface Acknowledgments
xi xiii
PARTI BACKGROUND
1
1 Chiefs, Braves, and Tomahawks: The Use of American Indians as University Mascots Robert Longwell-Grice and Hope Longwell-Grice
3
2 Teach Them Respect Not Racism: Common Themes and Questions about the Use of "Indian" Logos Barbara E. Munson
13
3 Native Americans as Sports Mascots Sharon Pray Muir
19
4 The Problems with Native American Mascots Laurel R. Davis
23
5 What the "Fighting Sioux" Tells Us about White People Robert Jensen
33
6 Gendered Discourse: Higher Education, Mascots, and Race Jennifer Guiliano
41
vi
Contents
PART II EDUCATIONAL ISSUES 7 A Letter from the Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign to the University of Illinois Board of Trustees Regarding the Use of Chief Illiniwek 8 On the Use of American Indian Mascots: A Presentation to the NCAA Minority Opportunities and Interests Committee Roy H. Saigo
47
49
57
9 American Indian Imagery and the Miseducation of America Ellen J. Staurowsky
63
10 Native Images in Schools and the Racially Hostile Environment Lawrence R. Baca
79
11 Native Mascots and Ethnic Fraud in Higher Education: Using Tribal Critical Race Theory and the Interest Convergence Principle as an Analytic Tool Angelina E. Castagno and Stacey J. Lee 12 Mascots and Meaning: How One District Worked Through the Emotional Issue of Changing Team Logos Terry Grier
89
111
13 Strategies for Making Team Identity Change David Carl Wahlberg
117
14 Native American Mascots and Alumni Giving Patrick J. McEwan and Clive R. Belfield
127
PART III REFORM AND RESISTANCE
143
15 Defensive Dialogues: Native American Mascots, Anti-Indianism, and Educational Institutions C. Richard King
145
16 Putting the Moccasin on the Other Foot: A Media History of the "Fighting Whities" Bruce E. Johansen
163
Contents
17 Note to Congress: Stop Shielding "Indian" Mascots and Start Defending Indian People Suzan Shown Harjo
vii
179
18 The Resurrection of the Chief Dave Zirin
183
19 Tribe Approval of Mascots Not Enough Daily Cardinal Editorial Board, University of Wisconsin
187
PART IV DOCUMENTS: POLICIES, RESOLUTIONS, AND LEGISLATION
189
20 Statement on the Use of Native American Images and Nicknames as Sports Symbols (2001) U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
191
21 The Five Civilized Tribes Intertribal Council Mascot Resolution (July 14, 2001) Five Civilized Tribes Intertribal Council
195
22 Opposition to the University of North Dakota's Use of the Fighting Sioux Name and Logo (2002) Governing Body of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation 23 Denouncement of the Use of Any American Indian Name or Artifice Associated with Team Mascots by Any Professional/ Nonprofessional Sport Teams (1993) National Congress of American Indians
197
199
24 Resolution in Opposition to Native American Mascots (1999) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
201
25 Statement on Team Names (1993) American Jewish Committee
203
26 Statement on the Use of American Indian Sports Mascots (January 27, 1999) Society of Indian Psychologists
205
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27 Resolution Recommending the Immediate Retirement of American Indian Mascots, Symbols, Images, and Personalities by Schools, Colleges, Universities, Athletic Teams, and Organizations (2005) A merican Psychological Association
209
28 Native American Imagery Resolution (2005) North American Society for the Sociology of Sport
217
29 Policy on Native American Logos and Names (1993) University of Wisconsin Athletic Department
219
30 Competition and Anti-Discrimination Policy (2002) Advisory Committee on Athletics, University of Minnesota
221
31 Guideline for Use of Native American Mascots (2005) National Collegiate Athletic Association
223
32 Resolution on the Elimination of American Indian Mascots (1997) Los Angeles City Board of Education
225
33 Resolution Condemning Use of Derogatory Sports Team Names, Mascots, and Symbols (1999) Hutchinson Human Relations Commission
227
34 Resolution on Native American Mascots (1998) Governors' Interstate Indian Council
229
35 Resolution on Native American Mascots (2002) New Hampshire State Board of Education
231
36 Resolution of the Nebraska Commission on Indian Affairs (1999) Nebraska Commission on Indian Affairs
233
37 Report on Use of Nicknames, Logos, and Mascots Depicting Native American People in Michigan Education Institutions (1988) Michigan Civil Rights Commission
237
38 California Racial Mascots Act AB 858 (2004) State of California
239
Contents
ix
39 Oklahoma Racial Mascots Act, Senate Bill 567 (2005) Bill Introduced in the Oklahoma State Senate
241
40 Tennessee Mascot Act (2007) State of Tennessee
245
41 U.S. House Resolution 1933 (2005) 109th Congress, U.S. House of Representatives
247
42 Protection of University Governance Act of 2006 Bill Introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives
251
PART V ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
253
43 Organizations Advocating Change
255
44 American Indian Mascot and Nickname Changes: A Chronology
259
References
265
Index
271
About the Editor
275