The Muslim's Way of Life A Book on Creed, Etiquettes, Good Conduct, Acts of Worship and Dealings W ritten by

Shaikh Abu Bakr Jaber AI - Jaza'eri Translated by

Prof. Omar Abdullah Bagabas

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IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MERCIFUL, THE MERCY-GIVING

The Muslim's Way of Life A Book on Creed, Etiquettes, Good Conduct, Acts of Worship and Dealings W ri tte n by

Shaikh Abu Bakr Jaber AI - Jaza'eri Translated by

Prof . Omar Abdullah Bagabas

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Scientific Publishing Ce ntre King Abd ulaziz University P.O . Bo x 80200, Jcddah 2 1589 Sa udi Arab ia

© King Abdulaziz University 1427 A.H. (2006 A.D.) All rights reserved. 1st Edition : 1427 A.H. (2006 A.D.)

This is an authorized translation of "Minhaj-al-Muslim", 12th edition by : Abu Bakr Jaber Al-Jaza'eri. © 1994, Dar- al-Shuruq.

King Fahd National Library Cataloguing-in-Publishing Data Al-Jaza'eri, Abu Bakr The Muslim’s way of life : a book on creed, Etiquettes, good conduct, acts of worship and Dealings. / Abu Bakr Al-Jazae'ri : Omar Abdullah Bagabas (translator) - Jeddah , 2006

.. p ; . . cm ISBN : 9960-06-463-8

1 - Conduct of life 2 - Islamic ethics 3 - Worship (Islam) I - Omar Abdullah Bagabas (translator) II - Title 212 dc

1427 / 3462

L.D. no 1427 | 3462 ISBN : 9960-06-463-8

Printed at King Abdulaziz University Press

Contents Volume I Acknowledgement ................................................................................................. Preface .................................................................................................................... Translator’s Introduction ..................................................................................... Translator’s Methodology .................................................................................... Author s Introduction to the First Edition ....................................................... Author s Introduction to the Fourth Edition ..................................................... Section One: Creed ................................................................................................ Chapter I: Belief in the Oneness of Allah ......................................................... Chapter II: Belief that Allah is the True Lord of His Entire Creation ............... Chapter III: Belief that Allah is the Ilah of the First and the Last (i.e., The One Who Deserves Worship ....................................................................... Chapter IV: Belief in the Names and Attributes of Allah ................................. Chapter V: Belief in the Angles — Peace be upon them .................................... Chapter VI: Belief in Allah’s Books .................................................................. Chapter VII: Belief in the Noble Qur’an ............................................................ Chapter VIII: Belief in Allah’s Messengers — Peace be upon them ................... Chapter IX: Belief in Muhammad’s Mission .................................................... Chapter X: Belief in Judgment Day ................................................................... Chapter XI: Punishment and Delight in the Grave ............................................ Chapter XII: Belief in Destiny and Divine Decree ............................................ Chapter XIII: Maintaining the Unity of Worship .............................................. Chapter XIV: Seeking Means of Nearness to Allah .......................................... Chapter XV: The Party of Allah and their Karamat and the Party of Satan and their Misguidances ................................................................................ Chapter XVI: Belief in the Obligatoriness of Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil and their Etiquettes ............................................................................... Chapter XVII: Belief in the Obligatoriness of Loving the Companions of Prophet Muhammad & their Merits and Giving Due Respect to the Scholars of Islam and Obedience to Muslim Rulers ................................... xxxxiii

Page v vii xi xv xxxvi xxxxii 1 3 13 23 27 35 41 47 55 63 79 91 97 105 111 119 135

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Section Two: Etiquettes (A’adab) ........................................................................ Chapter I: Purity of Intention ............................................................................. Chapter II: Love and Fear of Allah (Servitude to Allah) ................................... Chapter III: Etiquettes with Respect to the Book of Allah, the Noble Qur’an .. Chapter IV: Love of and Respect for Allah’s Messenger .................................. Chapter V: Disciplining the Self ........................................................................ Chapter VI: Etiquettes toward People ............................................................... Chapter VII: Loving and Hating for the Sake of Allah ..................................... Chapter VIII: Taking Seats in Gatherings ......................................................... Chapter IX: Eating & Drinking ......................................................................... Chapter X: Hospitality (Honouring the Guest) .................................................. Chapter XI: Travelling ....................................................................................... Chapter XII: Dress ............................................................................................. Chapter XIII: Characteristics of Fitrah (Natural Acts of Cleanliness) .............. Chapter XIV: Going to Bed ...............................................................................

167 173 181 189 195 213 271 283 291 303 311 321 329 333

Section Three: Good Conduct .............................................................................. Chapter I: Good Conduct and its Manifestation ................................................ Chapter II: Patience and Endurance of Hardship .............................................. Chapter III: Placing Trust in Allah and then Reliance on the Self .................... Chapter IV: Giving Preference to Others above the Self and the Love of What is Good ......................................................................................................... Chapter V: Justice and Moderation ................................................................... Chapter VI: Mercy ............................................................................................. Chapter VII: Modesty ........................................................................................ Chapter VIII: Doing Good (Perfection) ............................................................. Chapter IX: Truthfulness ................................................................................... Chapter X: Generosity and Hospitality .............................................................. Chapter XI: Humility and Dispraise of Arrogance ............................................ Chapter XII: A Number of Dispraised Qualities: Injustice, Envy, Deception, Showing off, Conceitedness, Weakness and Laziness ................................

343 343 349 357

Section Four: Acts of Worship ............................................................................. Chapter I: Purification ....................................................................................... i: Ruling (hukm) of purification and explanation of its types ...................... ii: Means of attaining the state of purification ............................................. iii: Definition and types of filth (najasah) ................................................... Chapter II: Etiquettes of Relieving Oneself ....................................................... i: What should be done prior to relieving oneself or going to the lavatory ... ii: The use of water or stones (sods) to clean one’s private parts after passing urine or stool ...................................................................................... iii: What should be done after relieving oneself ..........................................

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367 375 383 389 397 403 411 419 427

459 461

Contents Chapter III: Ablution ......................................................................................... i: Legal basis for ablution and its merits ...................................................... ii: Integrals of ablution, its recommended measures and its offensive acts . iii: How to perform ablution ........................................................................ iv: Acts which invalidate ablution ............................................................... Chapter IV: Purificatory Baths .......................................................................... i: Legal basis for ghusl and when it becomes obligatory ............................. ii: Integrals of the purificatory bath, its recommended and offensive acts .. iii: How is ghusl taken ................................................................................. iv: Forbidden acts when someone is in a state of major ritual impurity....... Chapter V: Dry Ablution ................................................................................... i: Tayammum’s legal basis and for whom it is permissible ......................... ii: Integrals of tayammum and its recommended acts .................................. iii: What nullifies tayammum and what may be performed with it ............. iv: How to make tayammum ........................................................................ Chapter VI: Wiping Over Leather Socks and Casts or Plasters ........................ i: Legality of wiping over leather socks and casts ....................................... ii: Conditions of wiping over leather socks ................................................. iii: How to wipe over leathersocks .............................................................. Chapter VII: Menstruation and Puerperium ...................................................... i: Definition of the menstrual period ........................................................... ii: Signs by which a woman determines her purity ...................................... iii: Forbidden and permissible acts during the menstrual period and puerperium .................................................................................................... Chapter VIII: The Prayer ................................................................................... i : The status of the prayer, its rationale and merits ..................................... ii: Categories of prayers: obligatory, supererogatory and voluntary ........... iii: Conditions to be met before offering the prayer .................................... iv: Integrals of the prayer, its recommended and offensive acts, the acts that invalidate it and the permissible acts in it ....................................... v: The prostration for forgetfulness ............................................................. vi: How to offer prayer .......................................................................... vii: The congregational prayer, imamate, and the latecomer to a congregational prayer .......................................................................................... viii: The call to prayer (adhan) and the call to commence prayer (iqama). ix: Shortening & combining prayers, prayer of the sick and prayer of peril . x: The Friday Prayer ................................................................................... xi: Witr prayer (the final prayer at night), two confirmed units before dawn prayer, commendable sunan prayers and unlimited supererogatory prayers ................................................................................... xii: The two Eid Prayers ..............................................................................

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xiii: The prayer at the time of solar & lunar eclipse .................................... xiv: The prayer for rain ................................................................................ Chapter IX: Rulings Related to Funerals .......................................................... i: What should be done from the time someone falls sick until his death .... ii: What should be done from the time of death until the burial of the deceased ...................................................................................................... iii: What should be done after burial ........................................................... Chapter X: Paying Zakat ................................................................................... i: Ruling of zakat, wisdom behind it and ruling regarding whoever withholds it ...................................................................................................... ii: Types of goods on which zakat is payable .............................................. iii: Conditions that must be met and the nisab that must be reached by all items before zakat is due and also the due amount as zakat .................. iv: The recipients of zakat ............................................................................ v: Zakat-ul-fitr ............................................................................................. Chapter XI: Fasting ........................................................................................... i: Definition of fasting and when it was prescribed for believers ................ ii: Virtues and benefits of fasting ................................................................. iii: Days on which fasting is recommended, disliked and forbidden............ iv: Obligation to observe fast in Ramadan and its virtues ........................... v: Virtues of good deeds in Ramadan .......................................................... vi: Confirmation that Ramadan has started ................................................. vii: Conditions of observing fast in Ramadan, rulings related to fasting of traveller, sick, elderly, pregnant female and breast-feeding mother ... viii: Pillars of fast, its recommended and offensive acts ............................. ix: Acts that nullify fast, permissible and pardoned acts for a fasting person .......................................................................................................... x: The ransom (kaffarah) and its justification ............................................. Chapter XII: The Hajj (Pilgrimage) and the Umra ........................................... i: Ruling (hukm) of performing Hajj and Umra and their rationale ............ ii: Pre-requisites (conditions) of the Hajj and the Umra ............................. iii: Merits of Hajj and Umra, exhortation to perform them and the admonition against failure to perform them .............................................. iv: The first pillar (rukn) of Hajj and Umra: Entering into a State of Ihram ....................................................................................................... v: The second pillar of Hajj (i.e., circumambulation) or the tawaf ............. vi: The third pillar of Hajj, the sai’ between Safa and Marwah ................ vii: The fourth pillar of Hajj: Presence at the Plain of Arafah and subsequent obligatory acts .......................................................................... viii: Detention (ihsar) .................................................................................. ix: The farewell tawaf ..................................................................................

610 619 625 625 633 649 659 659 663 667 681 689 695 696 696 698 705 707 712 712 716 722 728 731 731 733 735 737 744 752 754 761 762

Contents

xxxxvii

x: The way Hajj and Umra are performed ................................................... Chapter XIII: Visiting Prophet’s Mosque and Greeting When Standing in Front of his Grave ........................................................................................ i: Merits (excellence) of Al-Madinah and its residents and the merits of the Prophet’s Mosque ............................................................................... ii: Visiting the Prophet’s Mosque and extending greetings of peace to the prophet and his two companions ............................................................ iii: Visiting other places of significance in Al-Madinah ............................. Chapter XIV: Sacrifice on Eid Al-Adha and Sacrifice for the Newborn (Aqiqa) ................................................................................................................. i: Sacrifice on Eid Al-Adha: ......................................................................... ii: The aqiqa (the sacrifice for the newborn) ...............................................

763 777 777 783 785 787 787 794

Volume II Section Five: Dealings ........................................................................................... Chapter I: Jihad ................................................................................................. i: Ruling of jihad, its types and justification behind it ................................ ii: Merits of jihad ......................................................................................... iii: Guarding the frontiers of an Islamic state, its ruling and merits ............ iv: Obligatoriness of military preparation for jihad ..................................... v: Pillars of jihad ......................................................................................... vi: Essential rules observed by the mujahed before the battle is launched .. vii: Strategies of jihad .................................................................................. viii: Protection agreement of the dhimmi and relevant rulings .................... ix: Truce, agreement and peace treaty ......................................................... x: Distribution of the spoils of war, the fai’ (property abandoned by the enemy or taken from him without a formal war), kharaj, poll tax (jizyah) and nafl ............................................................................................ Prisoners of war ........................................................................................... Chapter II: Race Contests, Competitions in Marksmanship, Sports and Mental Exercises .................................................................................................. i: Objective of all kinds of sports ................................................................. ii: Sports where bets (rahan) are permissible and other sports where they are forbidden ........................................................................................... iii: The way the bet or the prize money is placed in the race and in marksmanship .................................................................................................. iv: The way the race or archery is run and the conditions observed in the race and marksmanship .......................................................................... v: Games where placing prize money or any other reward is forbidden ..... Chapter III: Transactions ................................................................................... i: Ruling of sale, wisdom behind its permissibility and its pillars (arkan)...

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ii: Permissible and forbidden conditions in transactions ............................. iii: Ruling related to the option to keep or cancel a sale at the time of the agreement ................................................................................................ iv: Some types of prohibited transactions .................................................... v: The sale of fruits on the trees ................................................................... vi: Riba (usury) and money exchange ......................................................... vii: As-salam sale ......................................................................................... viii: Shufa’a (pre-emption) and its relevant rulings ..................................... ix: Iqala (termination of the sale contract) .................................................. Chapter IV: Business Contracts ......................................................................... i: Partnership ................................................................................................ ii: Mudaraba (a profit-sharing venture) ....................................................... iii: Musaqa’ah and muzara’ah...................................................................... iv: Ijarah (renting or hiring people’s services) ............................................ v: Al-ju’a’alah (job wages) ........................................................................... vi: Hawalah (transferring the right to collect a debt) .................................. vii: Dhaman (guaranteeing payment), kafalah (guaranteeing another s appearance), rahn (putting up collateral, wakalah (commissioning another person to do something), and sulh (settlement of or resolving a conflict) ............................................................................................. viii: Cultivating a dead land, abundant water, land donation, and closed (protected) pasture ............................................................................. Chapter V: Rulings on Several Issues ............................................................... i: Personal loans (qardh) .............................................................................. ii: Wadi’ah (deposits for safekeeping) ......................................................... iii: A’ariya (lending something for use) ....................................................... iv: Ghasb (usurpation of another’s property) ............................................... v: Lost and found items and the foundling .................................................. vi: Suspension of children and the insane from dealings (hajr) and bankruptcy (taflis) .......................................................................................... vii: Bequests (wasiyyah) .............................................................................. viii: Waqf (endowment)................................................................................ ix: Hibah (donation), umra’a and rughba .................................................... Chapter VI: Marriage, Divorce and Other Family Matters ............................... i: Nikah (marriage) ....................................................................................... ii: Divorce .................................................................................................... iii: Khul’a (wife s release from the husband for payment) .......................... iv: Forswearing one’s wife more than four months (iela’a) ......................... v. Zihar ....................................................................................................... vi: Li’an (i.e., public imprecation) ............................................................... vii: Idda (i.e., woman’s waiting period) ....................................................... viii: Financial support ..................................................................................

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916 939 951 951 954 957 962 966 972 979 988 995 1005 1005 1048 1062 1065 1068 1071 1075 1088

Contents ix: Hadhana (child care and custody) ......................................................... Chapter VII : Laws of Inheritance and their Rulings ........................................ i: Ruling of inheritance ............................................................................... ii: Causes, Preventives and Conditions of Inheritance ................................ iii: Male and female heirs............................................................................ iv: Estate division obligatory shares ........................................................... v: Ta’asib .................................................................................................... vi: Hajb (i.e., elimination) .......................................................................... A: Definition of hajb (i.e., elimination) ................................................. vii: The position and share of the grandfather ............................................ viii: Correction of obligatory shares ............................................................ ix: Estate division ....................................................................................... x: Munasakha .............................................................................................. xi: The share of an heir whose sex has not been fully determined (a hermaphrodite) ............................................................................................ xii: Share of an infant still to be born, share of an heir who has been lost and those who get drowned .................................................................. xiii: Extended family members as possible heirs ....................................... Chapter VIII: Oath and Vows ............................................................................ i: Oaths ......................................................................................................... ii: Vows ....................................................................................................... Chapter IX: Animal Slaughter, Game (Hunting), Permissible Food and Drink i: Animal slaughter ...................................................................................... ii: Game (hunting wild animals) .................................................................. iii: Foods and drinks ................................................................................... Chapter X: Injurious Crimes and their Rulings ................................................. i: An injurious crime committed against an innocent human being............ ii: Rulings related to injurious crimes ......................................................... iii: Injurious crimes on limbs ....................................................................... iv: Indemnity (diyyah) ................................................................................ Chapter XI: Restrictive Ordinances of God ....................................................... i: Prescribed punishment for drinking alcohol (khamr) .............................. ii: Prescribed punishment for slander ......................................................... iii: Zina (fornication) ................................................................................... iv: The prescribed punishment for theft ....................................................... v: Punishment for highway robbery ............................................................ vi: Those who rebel against the Muslim caliph ........................................... vii: Those on whom the death penalty is inflicted ....................................... viii: Ta’azir (disciplinary action) ................................................................. Chapter XII: Rulings Related to Judgeship and Witnessing ............................. i: Judgeship .................................................................................................. ii: Witnessing and testifying ........................................................................

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iii: Acknowledgement ................................................................................. Chapter XIII: Slavery ........................................................................................ i: Slavery....................................................................................................... ii: Rulings related to the slavery .................................................................. Translator s References .......................................................................................

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