LATIN
AMERICAN
PRE-COLOMBIAN
COLONIAL
and HAPSBURG
HISTORY PERIOD
(ends 1700)
Dr. Diana Velez Department of History University of Central Florida
The following are overheads utilized in lectures for Dr. Velez's colonial Latin American history course. There are other handouts provided to the class that appear in the on line syllabus and/or which were handed out in class as hardcopies that do not appear in this file or web site.
The materials here are organized into these broad areas:
1
American indigenous and Iberian civilizations prior to the conquest
2. Maps on the conquest
3. Tables on the conquest as well as on the early Hapsburg colonial period
Another .pdf file will be created for the period encompassing the Bourbon period (starts 1700) to the early republics (ends 1860)
50,000-15,000 BC
Ancestors ofnative-Americans cross the Bering Straits
10,000-8,000 BC
Paleo-lndians
7,000-2,500 BC
ARCHAIC AGE 5,000 BC
Mainland Indians expand to the Caribbean: .Tainos (from Venezuela settle major antilles islands; Puerto Rico and Hispaniola) .Guanahatabeys (from Florida; settle Western Cuiba) .Caribs (from Brazil's Orinoco Valley; expanded to the greater antilles )
2,500 BC- 1 An
PRE-CLASSIC AGE 1500 BC- 700BC 1200 BC-400 BC 900 BC-500 BC
1 An-
1,000
An
of the Ohio and
Mississippi Valleys Olmecs ofVera Cruz and Central Mexico; Mesoamerican Region Chavin of Andean Region
CLASSIC AGE 500 BC-400 BC 1 AD-1290 AD 150 AD-900 AD 900 AD-1200 AD 200 BC-600 AD
1000 An-1535 An
Moundbuilders
Adena- Hopewell moundbuilders Anaszi ofSW U.S. and Arizona Maya in Yucatan Peninsulaand N. Guatemala Toltecs of Central Mexico; Mesoamerican Moche, Parracas, Nazca; pre-Inca civilizations of Andean region
POST-CLASSIC AGE 300
BC-1450
AD
1 000-1500
AD
1200-1521
AD
14308-1535
AD
Hohokam of the SW U.S. Mississippian moundbuilders: 1250 AD Cahokia largest city north of Mexico with 30,000 people Aztecs of Central and Southern Mexico; major city is Tenochitlan Incas; Andean Region
COMP ARA TIVE Latin
American
Colonial
CIVILIZATIONS
TIME-LINE
History
Dr. D. Velez Department
of History , UCF
THE AMERICAS
PERIODS 7000-2500 BC
WESTERN EUROPE
Archaic Age:
Copper and Bronze Age:
Basically tribal and chiefdom systems
Eastern Mediterranean Cultures= Sumerians, Egyptians, Minoans, Phenicjans, Carthiginians, etc.
2500BC-IAD
Pre-Classic Age 1S00-700BC Ohio & Miss. Moundbuilders 1S00-400BC Olmecs (Mex./Guat.) -900-S00B-~Chavin (Andeans)
lAD-lOOOAD
Classic Age:
1-1290AD Anaszi (Arizona, SE) 150-900AD Maya 900-1200AD Toltecs 200BC-600AD Moche, Parracas, and Nazca
Antiquity; Myceneans and the development of a western Mediterranean empire, the Roman Empire (600BC-500AD)
Late Antiquity (lAD-600AD): 1-500AD Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 500-600AD Age of ]ustinian...Christianity and the conversion of western European pagans
Early Middle Ages (500-1000AD): 700-800AD Rise of the Franks 600-1000 Rise of Islam and Islamic Invasions includes that of Spain in 711AD 800-1000AD Charlemagne and the Rise of the Holy Roman Empire
I,OOO-1535AD
Post-Classic Age ..
.. ..
1000-1500AD Mississippian Moundbuilders; by 1250AD have built the largest city north ofMexico called Cahokia which boasted a
Late Middle Ages (1000-1400AD);
..
population of30,000 1200-1521 AD Aztecs 1400-1535 AD Incas
1000-1100 AD Nonnan Conquest 1100-1200AD Romanesque Period 1200-1300AD Gothic Age 1300-1400AD Black Death
Renaissance (1400-1500AD): .~
Rise of the Italian
~
Reconquest
~ :. ,
of Spain (1492AD) . Piscovery of the Americas : ;"c, -:'i;, c "
Reformation
~
.~
City-States
and, Unification
(1500-11650AD):
Expansion and conquest of the Americas by Spain and Portugal; appearancein late 1500sofEnglish, French,.and Dutch in the Caribbean Catholic Church's:unity shattered by emergenceof Christian dissidents and the advent of the Protestant movement; leads to a schism in the Church; period provokes religious civil wars in Europe Hapsburg Dynasty is. : establishedin Spain {15)6-
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9/14/00 12:57 PM
EpOCHS
IN
THE
HISTORY
OF THE
IBERIAN
PENINSULA
OLD STONE AGE/ PALEOLITHIC AGE 700,000-200,000 BC
Pithecanthropus
200,000 BC
Neanderthal Man= pyrenees Region
Man
NEW STONE AGE/ NEOLITHIC AGE 35,000 BC Homo Sapiens=. Cantabrian Mts. Cro-Magnon Perigod Man 7,000
BC
pyrenees Man. Azilian Culture Asturian Man= Cantabrian and Atlantic
EARL y CIVILIZA TIONSI BRONZE AGE 3,000 BC
2,500
Eastern Mediterranean people settle Ligurgia, Provence, Catatonia, Valencia and Andalucia= south and eastern peninsula
BC
South's Golden Age under Egyptian like civilization (Andalucia) Crete invaders Early Basques arrive 2,000 BC Emergence of Celtiberians: Cantabrians, Asturians, Lusitanians El Argar civilization 1,200 BC Phonecians invade and establish trading centers: Cadiz 1,000-700 BC Celtics arrive 700 BC Greeks arrive and as allies with Carthage fight Phonecians for control of the peninsula 237 BC Carthage in control of region: family Hamilcar Barca, also known as Hannibal; Carthage's rival, the Roman Empire, will challenge this domination ROMAN
218 BC
IMPERIAL
ERA
(700 "'ears
of Roman
Rule)
Second Punic War: Rome challenges Carthage's dominance over the Mediterranean region -209 BC Hannibal defeated -209 BC-27 BC Romans find great resistance to their rule and are unable to pacify the region, particular the north and west, until 27 BC
DECLJNE OF ROMAN RULE and THE l\GE OF THE "ISIGOTHS 264 AD 409
Gennanic tribes invade Spain: Franks and Suevi Visigothic invasion and the start of Germanic rule in Spain that attempts, under King Leovigild, to expel the remnants of the Roman presence as part of a strategy of unification; unification up to this point had failed repeatedly in the peninsula, even under Roman rule.
AD
6th Centruy AD
Visigoths conquer the Suevi ofNW Spain (Galicia) while Basques, Cantabrians, and Asturians continue to resist the Goths -6th-llth century AD: south and Mediterranean coast of the east known as Betica and will be closely identified with the great empires of the eastern Mediterranean, Rome, and later Islam -587 AD King Recared converts to Catholicism and now Goths and Hispano Romans treated as equals; religion provides a basis for unification ISLAMIC
711 AD-1492
AD
SPAIN/
AD
I r $'7.,. 1519-1545 AD
RECONQUEST
Islamic invasion starts in 711 AD; Moorish penetration of the European continent from the south reaches southern France; in successivewaves the Islamic wave is pushed out and finally remains fairly stable in what is southern SPain. that is Beatica under the Goths; the Moors never establish a continuous and complete control of the peninsula so the center and north remain strongly Gothic; the south, however, will take on the name of Andalucia which describes the inhabitants known as Al-Andaluz 711 AD-756 AD= 756 AD-1031 AD= 1031 AD-1492 AD=
1492-1519
THE
Emirate Caliphat Reinos de Tarifa: marks the declining period of Moorish rule in Spain; the last caliphats are that of Cordoba and Granada; Granada will fall under the assault of the new Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand (Aragon) and lsabela (Castile/Leon)period is known in Spanish history as the Reconque.q
Ferdinand and lsabela, The Catholic Monarchs Discovery and Conquest of the Americas fh1,IJ.c 6 tte< l-
ri>~
Charles I of Spain, also known as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, rules an empire more extensive than that of the Roman Empire: European Empire includes what is today eastern Europe, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, and Portugal; and the American Empire that will stretch from the southern tip of Argentina to North America as far as present day Virginia and California/Oregon; start of the Hap...hurgJlnpi~rial Pel'iod
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