The Little, Brown Reader Eleventh Edition

Marcia Stubbs Wellesley College Sylvan Barnet Tufts University

William E. Cain Weliesley College

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Brief Contents

Detailed Contents vii Rhetorical Contents xxv Preface xxxi

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

A Writer Reads 1 A Reader Writes 21 Academic Writing 43 Writing an Argument 79 Reading and Writing about Pictures 121 All in the Family 143 Identities 195 Immigrant Nation 257 Teaching and Learning 283 Work and Play 377 Messages 427 Law and Order 501 Consuming Desires 557 Body and Soul 603

Appendix: A Writer's Glossary 649 Photo Acknowledgments 659 Index 661

Detailed Contents

Rhetorical Contents xxv Preface xxxi

1

A Writer Reads

1

Previewing 2 Skimming 3 J. H. Plumb

The Dying Family

6

Highlighting, Underlining, Annotating 10 Summarizing 13 Critical Thinking: Analyzing the Text 14 Tone and Persona 16 Daniel Gilbert

2

Does Fatherhood Make You Happy?

17

/ A CHECKLIST: ANALYZING AND EVALUATING AN ESSAY

20

A Reader Writes C. S. Lewis

21

We Have No "Right to Happiness"

22

Responding to an Essay 26 The Writing Process 27 Keeping a Journal 28 Questioning the Text Again 29 Summaries, Jottings, Outlines, and Lists 30 / A CHECKLIST: GETTING STARTED

Getting Ready to Write a Draft

32

32 vii

viii

Detailed Contents Draft of an Essay: On "We Have No 'Right to Happiness'" 32 Revising and Editing a Draft 34 ; A Revised Draft: Persuasive Strategies in C. S. Lewis's ,\ "We Have No 'Right to Happiness'" 35 Rethinking the Thesis: Preliminary Notes 37 The Final Version: Style and Argument: An Examination of C. S. Lewis's "We Have No 'Right to Happiness'" 38 A Brief Overview of the Final Version 41 / A CHECKLIST: ANALYZING YOUR ANALYSIS

3

42

Academic Writing 43 Kinds of Prose 44 A Note on Writing a Summary 45 More about Critical Thinking: Analysis and Evaluation 46 / A CHECKLIST: CRITICAL THINKING 50

Joining the Conversation: Writing about Differing Views 51 Writing about Essays Less Directly Related: A Student's Notes and Journal Entries 52 The Student's Final Version: Two Ways of Thinking,about Today's Families 54 Interviewing 57 Guidelines for Conducting the Interview and Writing the Essay 58 Topics for Writing 61 Using Quotations 61 Avoiding Plagiarism 63 Acknowledging Sources 63 Fair Use of Common Knowledge 66 "But How Else Can I Put It?" 67 / A CHECKLIST: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM 68 / A CHECKLIST: THIRTEEN QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF WHEN EDITING 68

A Student's Documented Essay 69 Jason Green Did Dorothea Lange Pose Her Subject for Migrant Mother? 69

Detailed Contents

4

Writing an Argument

79

The Aims of an Argumentative Essay 81 Negotiating Agreements: The Approach of Carl R. Rogers 81 / A CHECKLIST: ROGERIAN ARGUMENT

86

Some Ways of Arguing: Appeals to Reason and Appeals to Emotions 87 Appeals to Reason: Deduction and Induction 87 Appeals to Emotions 88 Three Kinds of Evidence: Examples, Testimony, Statistics 89 Examples 90 Testimony 91 Statistics 92 How Much Evidence Is Enough? 93 Avoiding Fallacies 93 Drafting an Argument 97 Imagining an Audience 97 Getting Started 97 Writing a Draft 98 Revising a Draft 98 Organizing an Argument 99 Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs 100 Introductory Paragraphs 100 Concluding Paragraphs 102 / A CHECKLIST: REVISING PARAGRAPHS

103

Persona and Style 103 An Overview: An Examination of an Argument 105 Richard Rhodes

Hollow Claims about Fantasy Violence 105

The Analysis Analyzed 107 Two Debates (Four Arguments) for Analysis 111 A Debate: Should Laptops Be Banned from the Classroom? Ill Andrew Goldstein (student) Keep Online Poker Out of the Classroom: Why Professors Should Ban Laptops 111 Elena Choy

Laptops in the Classroom? No Problem

113

A Second Debate: Do Credit Companies Market Too Aggressively to Youths? 116

ix

Detailed Contents Travis B. Plunkett Yes, Credit Companies Market Too Aggressively to Youths 116 Louis J. Freeh No, Credit Companies Do Not Market Too Aggressively to Youths 118 / A CHECKLIST: REVISING DRAFTS OF ARGUMENTS

5

120

Reading and Writing about Pictures 121 The Language of Pictures 122 Writing about Art 123 Writing about an Advertisement

124

/ A CHECKLIST: ANALYZING ADVERTISEMENTS

125

Writing about a Political Cartoon 126 / A CHECKLIST: ANALYZING POLITICAL CARTOONS

127

Lou Jacobs Jr. What Qualities Does a Good Photograph Have? 127

A little honest controversy about the visual success of a print or slide can be a healthy thing. Sample Analyses of Pictures 132 A Sample Essay by a Student 132 Zoe Morales

Dancing at Durango

132

A Sample Essay by an Art Historian 137 Thomas Hoving

So, Does It Speak to You?

137

A museum director analyzes Gant Wood's most famous painting, American Gothic

6

All in the Family 143 ILLUSTRATIONS

Pablo Picasso, 1905 The Acrobat's Family with a Monkey Joanne Leonard Sonia 145 SHORT VIEWS

144

146

Anonymous (William James?), Marcel Proust, Leo Tolstoy, Jessie Bernard, Jane Austen , Lewis Coser The Family 147 A sociologist defines the family and, in fewer than five hundred words, gives an idea of its variety.

Detailed Contents

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Joan Didion On Going Home 148 Is going home—is leaving home—possible? Sam Schulman Letting Go 151 : "Yes, parents impart values. But values come from other , useful sources, too. Hovering parents undermine the influence not only of other institutions like schools and churches but of peers." Stephanie Coontz

The Heterosexual Revolution

154

Traditional marriage started unraveling 200 years ago. Gabrielle Glaser

Scenes from an Intermarriage

156

The author of a book on interfaith marriage believes that although the future always looks bright, down the road someone usually loses. Anonymous

Confessions of an Erstwhile Child

161

Should children have the legal right to escape impossible families? A victim argues that a closely bound family structure compounds craziness. Arlie Hochschild The Second Shift: Employed Women Are Putting in Another Day of Work at Home 166

There's a "leisure gap" between men and women at home. A Debate (Two Arguments) for Analysis 172 Andrew Sullivan versus William J. Bennett 172 Andrew Sullivan Here Comes the Groom: A (Conservative) Case for Gay Marriage 172

"But gay marriage is not a radical step. It avoids the mess of domestic partnership; it is humane; it is conservative in the best sense of the word." William J. Bennett

Gay Marriage: Not a Very Good Idea 176

A conservative public servant—Bennett served under the first President Bush—concludes that "it is exceedingly imprudent to conduct a radical, untested and inherently flawed social experiment on an institution that is the keystone in the arch of civilization." Judy Brady

J Want a Wife 179

A wife looks at the services she performs and decides that she'd like a wife. Black Elk

High Horse's Courting

182

An Oglala Sioux holy man tells us what a hard time, in the old days, a young man had getting the girl he wanted.

xii

Detailed Contents Celia E. Rothenberg Child of Divorce 186 An undergraduate reflects on the impact of divorce on her, her brother, and her parents. Jamaica Kincaid Girl (story) 192 ,\ "Try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming." Robert Hayden Those Winter Sundays (poem) 193 "No one ever thanked him."

Identities 195 ILLUSTRATIONS

Dorothea Lange Grandfather and Grandchildren Awaiting Evacuation Bus, Hayward, California 196 Marion Post Wolcott Behind the Bar, Birney, Montana 197 SHORT VIEWS

198

Margaret Mead, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Simone de Beauvoir, Israel Zangwill, Vladimir I. Lenin, Joyce Carol Oates, Martin Luther King Jr., Shirley Chisholm Rogelio R. Gomez Foul Shots 200 A Mexican-American remembers the shame he felt in the presence of Anglos. Marianne J. Legato The Weaker Sex 203 When it comes to health, men are delicate creatures. Zora Neale Hurston How It Feels to Be Colored Me 205 "At certain times I have no race, I am me." Stephen Jay Gould Women's Brains 209 On the "irrelevant and highly injurious" biological labeling of women and other disadvantaged groups. Katha Pollitt Why Boys Don't Play with Dolls 215 Social conditioning, not biology, is the answer, this author says. Paul Theroux The Male Myth 218 "It is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that does not belittle women." Emily Tsao Thoughts of an Oriental Girl 221

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A sophomore questions the value of describing Asian Americans and other minorities as "people of color." Gloria Naylor A Question of Language 223 What does the word "nigger" mean? Richard Rodriguez, with Scott London Melting Pot 226

A View from the

"In the LA of the future, no one will need say, 'Let's celebrate diversity' Diversity is going to be a fundamental part of our lives." Amy Tan Snapshot: Lost Lives of Women 232 The writer examines "a picture of secrets and tragedies."

A Casebook on Race 236 Columbia Encyclopedia Race 236 An encyclopedia defines race and distinguishes it from racism. Armand Marie Leroi A Family Tree in Every Gene 238 A biologist argues that "races are real." David Fitch, Herbert J. Gans, Mary T. Bassett, Lynn M. Morgan, Martin E. Fuller, John Waldman Letters Responding to Armand Marie Leroi 243 Sharon Begley

Three Is Not Enough 245

"Changing our thinking about race will require a revolution in thought as profound, and profoundly unsettling, as anything science has ever demanded." Shelby Steele Hailing While Black 251 "The real debate over racial profiling is not about stops and searches on the New Jersey Turnpike. It is about the degree of racism in America and the distribution of power it justifies." Brent Staples On Race and the Census: Struggling with Categories That No Longer Apply 253 The "one-drop rule" can't survive in a multiracial society. Countee Cullen Incident (poem) 256 A grown man remembers only one thing from his childhood visit to Baltimore.

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Detailed Contents

Immigrant Nation 257 ILLUSTRATIONS

Christopher J. Morris New U.S. Citizens at a Citizenship Ceremony, Pomona, California 258 Statue of Liberty, New York City 259 SHORT VIEWS

260

Ralph Waldo Emerson, Israel Zangwill, Jack Strong, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Charles Horton Cooley, Bharati Mukherjee, Pat Paulsen, Vine Deloria, Anonymous Mexican American, Jimmy Carter, William Shakespeare, Hebrew Bible Bharati Mukherjee Two Ways to Belong in America 262 A native of India, now a long-time resident and citizen of the United States, compares her responses with those of her sister, also a resident here but not a citizen. Anar Ali The Person Behind the Muslim 265 A Muslim says she is willing to talk about terrorism but she wants to talk about it "as a citizen, not just a Muslim."

A Casebook on Recent Immigrants Barry R. Chiswick

267

The Worker Next Door 267

An economist argues that our society does not need the cheap labor that many immigrants provide. Jeffjacoby What If We Deport Them All? 270 A conservative columnist argues that we need immigrant workers who cross our borders and therefore "we'd all be better off if we let them cross it legally." Victor Davis Hanson Socrates on Illegal Immigration 272 A senior fellow at the Hoover Institution argues that Socrates's behavior in the "Crito"—Socrates acceptance of the court's sentence of death—should guide our actions concerning illegal immigration: We cannot pick and choose which laws we should obey. Cardinal Roger Mahony Called by God to Help 275 A cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church argues that "Denying aid to a fellow human being violates a law with a higher authority than Congress—the law of God."

Detailed Contents

A Casebook of Poems about Immigrants

XV

277

Emma Lazarus The New Colossus (poem) 277 A poet speaks the thoughts of the Statue of Liberty: "Give me your tired, your poor,/Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free." Pat Mora Immigrants (poem) 278 The hopes of immigrant parents. Dudley Randall The Melting Pot (poem) 280 An African American poet wryly observes that immigrants from Europe step into the melting pot and are transformed but the descendants of black slaves are not allowed to step into the pot.

9

Teaching and Learning 283 ILLUSTRATIONS

Winslow Homer Ron James

Blackboard 284

The Lesson—Planning a Career 285

SHORT Views

286 Francis Bacon, Paul Goodman, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Emma Goldman, Jesse Jackson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, D. H. Lawrence, Prince Kropotkin, John Ruskin, Confucius, Joseph Wood Krutch, Phyllis Bottome

David Brooks

The Gender Gap at School 289

"Over the past two decades, there has been a steady accumulation of evidence that male and female brains work differently." A Debate (Two Arguments) for Analysis 291 A Debate: Do Video Games Significantly Enhance Literacy? 291 James Paul Gee Pro 291 Howard Gardner Con 293 Plato

The Myth of the Cave 294

A great teacher explains in a metaphor the progress of the mind from opinion to knowledge. Richard Rodriguez

Public and Private Language

301

By age seven, Richard Rodriguez learns "the great lesson of school," that he had a "public identity."

xvi

Detailed Contents Maya Angelou Graduation 306 A dispiriting commencement address and a spontaneous , reaction to it. Neil Postman Order in the Classroom 316 i "School is not a radio station or a television program." Sara Bennett and Nancy Kalish No More Teachers, Lots of Books 323

Summer homework sets students back. Suzy Maroon, Julia Collins, Elizabeth P. Ueland Letters Responding to Sara Bennett and Nancy Kalish 325 Robert Coles On Raising Moral Children 326 A psychiatrist discusses the ways in which adults shape children's behavior. Fan Shen The Classroom and the Wider Culture 331 According to Fan Shen, who migrated from China to Nebraska, "To be truly 'myself,' which I knew was a key to my success in learning English composition, meant not to be my Chinese self at all." David Gelernter Unplugged 341 A professor of computer science offers a surprising comment: "The computer's potential to do good is modestly greater than a book's in some areas. Its potential to do harm is vastly greater, across the board." Amy Tan In the Canon, for All the Wrong Reasons 344 An Asian-American writer is not altogether comfortable now that her book is required reading. Wu-tsu Fa-yen Zen and the Art of Burglary (story) 348 A teacher tells a story to teach what otherwise cannot be taught.

A Casebook on What Colleges Should Teach 349 Stanley Fish Why We Built the Ivory Tower 349 "The practices of responsible citizenship and moral behavior should be encouraged in young adults—but it's not the business of the university to do so, except when the morality in question is the morality that penalizes cheating, plagiarizing, and shoddy teaching." Rachel Milbauer Coercive Thinking 352 A first-year student in a composition course explains why she objects to the instructor requiring her to write about topics that she finds morally offensive.

Detailed Contents

xvii

Dave Eggers Serve or Fail 355 Colleges—except perhaps community colleges, whose students "have considerable family and work demands"— should require students to perform community service. • "Perhaps every 25 hours of service could be traded for one class credit, with a maximum of three credits a year." Patrick Allitt

Should Undergraduates Specialize? 358

A graduate of the British system, where undergraduates specialize, thinks about his daughter's liberal arts education in the United States. Carol Geary Schneider and Ellis M. West Patrick Allitt 361 Caitlin Petre

Letters Responding to

The Lessons I Didn't Learn in College 364

A college graduate finds that life's real tests start when final exams end. Langston Hughes Theme for English B (poem) 366 Responding to the white instructor's assignment to write something that is "true," an African-American student writes, "It's not easy to know what is true for you or me / at twenty-two, my age."

A Casebook on Testing and Grading 368 Paul Goodman

A Proposal to Abolish Grading 368

"Grading hinders teaching and creates a bad spirit." Diane Ravitch

In Defense of Testing 371

"Tests and standards are a necessary fact of life." Joy Alonso

Two Cheers for Examinations

373

"After reading all of the essays I felt pretty good, I felt something of the satisfaction that I hope students felt after they finished writing their examinations."

Work and Play 377 ILLUSTRATIONS

Dorothea Lange Lettuce Cutters, Salinas Valley 378 Helen Levitt Children 379 SHORT VIEWS

380

Mark Twain, Duke of Wellington, Barbara Ehrenreich, Smohalla, Lost Star, John Ruskin, Vince Lombardi,

xviii

Detailed Contents George Orwell, Friedrich Nietzsche, Walt Whitman, Ken Burns, Bion Bertrand Russell Work 382 t A philosopher examines the connections between work and happiness. Mike Rose Brains as Well as Brawn 387 In an essay published on Labor Day, a professor talks about "the intelligence of the laborer—the thought, the creativity, the craft it takes to do work, any work, well." Gloria Steinem The Importance of Work 389 Both men and women have the "human right" to a job. "But women have more cause to fight for it," and have better reasons than "weworkbecausewehaveto." Felice N. Schwartz The "Mommy Track" Isn't Anti-Woman 394 A debate on what employees can do to help parents balance careers and family responsibilities. Pat Schroeder, Lois Brenner, Hope Dellon, Anita M. Harris, Peg McAulay Byrd Letters Responding to Felice N. Schwartz 396 Virginia Woolf Professions for Women 401 Women must confront two obstacles on entering new professions. Henry Louis Gates Jr. Delusions of Grandeur 405 How many African-American athletes are at work today? Henry Louis Gates Jr. tells us that "an African-American youngster has about as much chance of becoming a professional athlete as he or she does of winning the lottery." Marie Winn The End of Play 408 Childhood, once a time of play, today is increasingly "purposeful, success-oriented, competitive." What are the causes of this change? And what are the consequences of "the end of childhood"? W. H. Auden The Unknown Citizen (poem) 415 "Was he free, was he happy? The question is absurd."

A Casebook on Poker 416 Jeremy Marks The Power of Poker 416 A first-year student explains how poker has helped him as a student. Lauren Patrizi My College Addiction 419

Detailed Contents

xix

"The appropriate corrective for online gambling addiction is up for debate." Chris Berger

Gen Y: The Poker Generation 423

An undergraduate speaks: "I plan on getting good grades and going to grad school, but for right now I'm going all in on my Jack, nine suited."

Messages 427 ILLUSTRATIONS

Jill Posener

Born Kicking, Graffiti on Billboard, London 428

Anonymous SHORT VIEWS

Sapolio 429

430

Voltaire, Marianne Moore, Derek Walcott, Jane Wagner, Emily Dickinson, Howard Nemerov, Wendell Berry, Anonymous, Rosalie Maggio, Benjamin Cardozo, Gary Snyder, Alan Jacobs, Ann Beattie Abraham Lincoln Address at the Dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery 432

A two-minute speech that shows signs of enduring. Gilbert Highet

The Gettysburg Address

433

A classicist analyzes a speech that we may think we already know well. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Resolutions 439

Declaration of Sentiments

The women at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention adopt a new declaration, accusing men of failures and crimes parallel to those that led Jefferson in 1776 to denounce King George III. Robin Lakoff

You Are What You Say 443

A linguistic double standard turns women into "communicative cripples—damned if we do, and damned if we don't." Barbara Lawrence

Four-Letter Words Can Hurt You 449

The best-known obscene words are sadistic and dehumanizing—and their object is almost always female. Edward T. Hall

Proxemics in the Arab World 452

Why Americans and Arabs find each other pushy, rude, or simply incomprehensible.

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Detailed Contents

Deborah Tannen

The Workings of Conversational Style

459

"Our talk is saying something about our relationship." James B. Twitchell

The Marlboro Man: The Perfect Campaign 471

• How a dangerous legal product was successfully marketed. Eric Schlosser Kid Kustomers 479 How companies get kids to get parents to buy products. Stevie Smith Not Waving but Drowning (poem) 485 What a dead man was trying to say all his life.

A Casebook on Virtual Worlds 486 Brent Staples What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up in Cyberspace 486

Life lessons don't come in a virtual form. Jeremy Rifkin

Virtual Companionship

488

Computers that imitate emotion only make us lonelier. Kay S. Hymowitz

Big Mother Is Watching

491

Parents who use surveillance devices to monitor kids are not doing them any favors. George F. Will

You Bloggin' to Me?

494

For the self-absorbed, their Time has arrived. Bob Nixon

Please Don't E-Mail Me about This Article

496

E-mail is a great convenience but "I just need periods in my life when it is less relentless and less convenient."

Law and Order 501 ILLUSTRATIONS

Bernie Boston

Flower Power

502

Norman Rockwell The Problem We All Live With 503 SHORT VIEWS

504

African Proverb, Niccolo Machiavelli, G. C. Lichtenberg, Andrew Fletcher, Samuel Johnson, William Blake, Anatole France, Louis D. Brandeis, H. L. Mencken, Barack Obama, Mae West Thomas Jeff erson

The Declaration of Independence

"We hold these truths to be self-evident."

506

Detailed Contents

xxi

Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolent Resistance 510 "Violence as a way of achieving racial justice is both impractical and immoral." Martin Luther King Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail 515

:, An imprisoned civil rights leader argues that victims of unjust laws have the right to break those laws as long as they use nonviolent tactics. Cathy Booth Thomas A New Scarlet Letter 529 A Texas judge forces sex offenders to broadcast their crimes with house signs and bumper stickers. Chesa Boudin

Making Time Count

532

A young man whose parents have been in prison since he was an infant talks about what was done and might be done to assist such families to maintain healthy relationships. Derek Bok

Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus

538

A university president engages with "the problem of trying to reconcile the rights of free speech with the desire to avoid racial tension." George Orwell

Shooting an Elephant

540

As a young British police officer in Burma, Orwell learns the true nature of imperialism. John (?)

The Woman Taken in Adultery

547

"He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her."

A Casebook on Torture 548 Michael Levin The Case for Torture 548 "I am not advocating torture as p u n i s h m e n t . . . . I am advocating torture as an acceptable measure for preventing future evils." Philip B. Heymann

Torture Should Not Be Authorized

551

"Torture is a prescription for losing a war for support of our beliefs in the hope of reducing the casualties." Alan M. Dershowitz

Yes, It Should Be "On the Books"

553

A professor of law argues that under certain exceptional circumstances—when there is "a ticking bomb"—the appropriate authority should issue a warrant authorizing torture if it may save hundreds of lives.

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Detailed Contents

Consuming Desires 557 ILLUSTRATIONS

', Grant Wood American Gothic 558 Richard Hamilton Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing? 559 SHORT VIEWS

560

Chinese Proverb, Hebrew Bible, William Blake, Marcel Duchamp, Anonymous, George Bernard Shaw, G. C. Lichtenberg, Diane White, Anonymous, Alison Lurie, Rudi Gernreich, Kenneth Clark, Le Corbusier, Ralph Waldo Emerson Michael Ableman Feeding Our Future 562 "How difficult would it be to replace nachos with real corn on the cob?" David Gerard Hogan

Fast Food 565

Despite criticism, "fast food continues its rapid international growth." Janna Malamud Smith My Son, My Compass 568 A mother reports how unsettling it was to "take moral direction" from a son who had become a vegan. "Not only was I being called upon to loosen my protective grip on my charge, I needed to reconsider my position in the universe." Jacob Alexander

Nitrite: Preservative or Carcinogen? 571

An undergraduate's research paper provides food for thought. Donna Maurer Vegetarianism 581 A historian offers reflections on what sorts of people are vegetarians, and why. Paul Goldberger

Quick! Before It Crumbles!

584

An architecture critic looks at cookie architecture. Peter Singer and Jim Mason At What Cost? 587

Wal-Mart: Everyday Low Prices—

A philospher and a farmer raise some questions. Sheldon Richman The Chutzpah of Wal-Mart's Critics 592 An indignant response to the indignant critics of Wal-Mart

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Jonathan Swift A Modest Proposal 594 An eighteenth-century Irish satirist tells his countrymen how they may make children "sound, useful members of the commonwealth." James Wright Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota (poem) 601 A poet looks around, and comes to a surprising conclusion.

14

Body and Soul 603 ILLUSTRATIONS

Henri Cartier-Bresson Place del 'Europe, Paris, 1932 604 Ken Gray Lifted Lotus 605 SHORT VIEWS

606

W B. Yeats, Napoleon, Walt Whitman, Woody Allen, Epictetus, D. H. Lawrence, John Locke, Virginia Woolf, Emily Dickinson, Plato, Samuel Johnson, Frederick Douglass, Ray Charles, Friedrich Nietzsche, Oscar Wilde, Nigerian Proverb, Jesus Anonymous Muddy Road (story) 608 A Zen anecdote about body and mind. Henry David Thoreau Economy 608 "The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation." Natalie Angier The Sandbox: Bully for You—Why Push Comes to Shove 620 "It's hard to see how bullying behavior in schools can be eliminated when bullying behavior among adults is not only common but often applauded—at least if it results in wild success." Robert Santos My Men 625 A veteran of the Vietnam War recalls hunger, killings, and rape: "It was so horrifying. I tried to think of what I would be like if this took place in my hometown. This may have been a turning point in my life." Plato Crito 630 Socrates helps Crito to see that "we ought not to render evil for evil."

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Detailed Contents T. S. Eliot

The Love Song ofj. Alfred Prufrock 642

"In a minute there is time / For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse." Appendix: A Writer's Clossary 649 Photo Acknowledgments Index 661

659