The implications for the ATM Surveillance System – NextGen Surveillance April 21, 2009
Dr. Werner Langhans Director EMEA
[email protected] +43 664 6100395
An SRA International Business
Agenda • SESAR Surveillance Requirements • Trends in next generation surveillance • Some worldwide examples • • • •
Confidential
Namibia country-wide multilateration Fiji ADSB and multilateration Thailand country wide ADSB Czech national multilateration
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SESAR Requirements on Surveillance Surveillance is the Feedback Loop for the ATM Business Trajectory concept! •
High accuracy in 4D position measurement and other data
•
High reliability and integrity requirement
•
High flexibility to adapt to new airspace requirements
•
High flexibility to adapt to fleet mix
•
Resistivity against EMI (windmills, cell-phones, multipathing, spoofing)
•
Low total cost of ownership
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Multilateration Does Radar fulfill does that ! ?
Replace Radar by Multilateration traffic awareness surveillance performance Confidential
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Heritage A Long Tradition of Delivering Innovative & High Quality Products
Research Grants, Studies & Standards 1980’s and 1990’s
KOPAC 1963
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RAMONA 1979
PATENTS 1998-2006
TAMARA 1987
WAMLAT 2001
MLAT 1995
AFTMS 2001
BORAP 1996
VERA 1998
AirScene 2002
HMU 2001
B&K ANM 2005
ASMGCS 2001
TAMIS/eTAMIS 2006
PCL 2002
AirScene.com NOMS 2007
PCL/VERA 2006
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ERA’s Customers – Worldwide Deployment
North Sea (Dutch) Norway Denmark Netherlands
Canada
Scotland United Kingdom Ireland Austria
Germany Poland
Estonia Latvia
Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Mongolia
Armenia
United States
Japan
Spain
China Egypt
Taiwan
Turkey
Thailand
Pakistan
Singapore
India
Indonesia
Namibia
Malaysia
Fiji
South Africa
Chile
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New Zealand
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Today’s surveillance challenges… • Primary & Secondary Radar • High Cost to Finance and Deploy, Maintain, Operate • Performance Limitations due to line of sight (shielding) and huge azimuth errors • Single point of failure with rotating elements • Cone of Silence • Long update intervals Æ limits ATM APP efficiency
• Do more with less, but never threaten safety… • Need new solutions • Better performance at lower cost
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Eurocontrol Surveillance Strategy EUROCONTROL and SESAR Surveillance Strategy has specified four main pillars Primary radar (only for MAJOR TMA) Secondary radar ADS-B Multilateration
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ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast
•
Low cost receivers • Affordable coverage & redundancy • Up to 250 NM range • Existing 1090Mhz standards
•
Extremely Accurate
•
More Information
• Independent of distance • 1 second update rate • Identity of the aircraft • Heading, speed and other data • Input to alert processing
•
Two-way infrastructure • Cockpit display > Self separation
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ADS-B Deployment Challenges Issue 1
Issue 2
How do we bridge the equipage gap?
How do we validate ADS-B self-reported position?
ADS – B
SSR – Mode S
SSR – Mode C
Primary Radar
SSR – Mode A
Price/Performance
Yesterday
“ADS-X” Combination of ADS-B with Multilateration Price and Performance Drivers
Today
Tomorrow
The use of multilateration as an independent means of surveillance for backup or verification of ADSB should be further considered. This is specifically to identify credible errors in ADS-B position. Source: NATS, UK
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MLAT Compared to Radar Expected Accuracy in Feet Wide Area Multilateration
Monopulse SSR
•
“Where coverage exists a WAM system will generally outperform MSSR for accuracy”
•
“The hardware costs of a WAM system are (very roughly) around 50 % of those of an SSR system”
•
“The maintenance cost of WAM systems will be much lower than MSSR as there are no rotating mechanical parts. A 6 monthly maintenance check at each site to maintain ancillary equipment such as UPS systems may be required; otherwise there is very little to do.”
•
Source: Eurocontrol - November 2004
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Update Rates ADS-X versus MSSR SDP tracking result of MSSR position updates
Radar pos. update
Actual flight path SDP tracking result for ADS-X position updates from ERA-MSS
ADS-X pos. update
Distance in metres between position updates
Radar Tracking Error SDP…Surveillance Data Processing, e.g. ARTAS ERA-MSS … the ERA product for Multilateration and ADS-B
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Multilateration Scalability
For illustration only
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Modular Rugged Remote Sensor
4 temperature range: -40degC - +60degC (open air) 4 relative humidity: up to 100% (condensation involved) 4 ingress protection: IP67 - submersion up to 1m, operation in dusty environment 4 corrosive resistance: industrial emissions, salty fog, 4 icing: up to 15mm 4 wind velocity: up to 50m/s (97 knots)
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ADS-X – Simultaneous ADS-B/MLAT
ADS-B
Mode A/C/S
•
Compared to Radar • Lower costs • Higher performance • More flexibility
•
Compared to ADS-B • Requires no new avionics • Requires no big bang mandate
100%
Multilateration Reports
MLAT Cat 20
Total Traffic
ADS-B Cat 21
ADS-X
ADS-B & MLAT Reports
* Optional data fuse and alerts
Now Confidential
Time
10 Years? 16
ATC Solutions Surface Movement • A-SMGCS • Automatic aircraft tagging • Not affected by rain • Better coverage • Vehicle tracking
Precision Runway Monitor • Beijing & Madrid in 2007 • Ensure separation on close parallel runways • Extreme highprecision •Update < 1s •Accuracy < 50m
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Secondary Radar Alternative • Low cost, more accurate • Better coverage, availability • Path to ADS-B and validation of ADS-B • Leap frog conventional radar technology
Height Measurement Unit • 3-D tracking • +/- 25ft at 30,000ft • Supports RVSM • FAA proof of concept • Certified Eurocontrol system in Austria
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Kuala Lumpur Surface •
14 Receivers (two dual)
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6 Receiver/Interrogator
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2 Reference Transponders
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Dual-redundant target processor
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Dual-redundant management server
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Dual-redundant GPS/NTP servers
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Fully compliant solution
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Fully redundant coverage
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Includes LCAT and A380 hanger
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NTZ accuracy to 20nm+
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Same solution as for Singapore, Beijing, Dublin, Oslo, Riga, Hamburg…
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Solution : Precision Runway Monitoring (PRM) •MSS by Era is a proven, low cost, high performance alternative to E-scan radars for Precision Runway Monitoring (PRM)
Benefits of MSS by Era include: • Extreme Cost Savings • Extension of surface system • Higher accuracy and update rate
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Precision Runway Monitor Conventional solution: Electronically Scanned MSSR - Complicated - Expensive - Unalterable
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Proposed solution: Multilat. Surveillance System - Simple - Cost effective - Scalable
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Required PRM Performance to Monitor NTZ ¾ Electronic. scanned MSSR
¾ Multilateration system
¾ Raytheon
¾ MSS of ERA
¾ Electronically scanned beam over 360 degrees ¾ Interrogates Mode A, C transponders; with possible extension to Mode S
¾ Set of 4 (or more) receiving stations deployed around aerodrome area ¾ Interrogates Mode A, C, S transponders
¾ Range coverage greater than 32 nmi, expandable to 200 nmi
¾ Range coverage greater than 32 nmi, expandable to 200 nmi
¾ 1 milliradian over 360o (0.06 degrees)
¾ 0.1 milliradian over 360o (0.006degrees)
¾ More than 40 targets at 1.0-second update rate while searching for new targets
¾ More than 200 targets at 1.0-second update rate while searching for new targets
LL Z
RW Y NT Z = No trans g re s s io n zo ne
LL Z
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RW Y
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3.5.5.1.2 – 40m accuracy @ 95% confidence @3,000ft =3,000ft =20m @95% =40m @95%
KLIA NTZ Zone •17.19nm from 32R threshold •15.66nm from 14L threshold •3500 ft wide •(note: 1mR ~ 40m at 20nm) Confidential
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Fiji – National ADSB and Multilateration •
NextGen ATM System replacement • • • • •
•
ADS-B/MLAT Surveillance data for first time New Adacel fusion and display Airspace redesign and safety cases New charging and billing system Avionics equipage and mandate
11 ADS-B/MLAT stations • ADS-B coverage up to 500nm from Nadi • Multilateration core for higher altitude • Multilateration into main Nadi airport
•
Operational early 2010
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Thailand – National ADSB Network •
National ADS-B en-route network • 22 remote, dual/redundant stations • New national multi-use TCP/IP links
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Era ADS-B Fusion Server • • • •
•
Single fused ASTERIX 21 output Remote management consoles Track and plot display Database for analysis and investigation
Operational in 2009
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Namibia – National Wide Area Multilateration •
New national ATM system • Thales Eurocat fusion and display • Thales radar in Windhoek • Era multilateration for national en-route
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36 ADS-B/MLAT stations • Some very remote, hostile locations • Builds on regional experience in ATNS • Covers 800.000km² of airspace, FL >145 and TMA
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Operational in 2010 for World Cup
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Czech Republic – National Wide Area Multilateration
• Phased introduction since 1999 • • • • • •
Surface Movement in Prague 1999 Approach System in Ostrava 2002 Wide Area System in Prague 2006 Wide Area System in Brno (2009) Ostrava extension + surface (2009) Prague extension (2009)
• • • • •
Cost (purchase & operation) Performance Coverage Flexibility/scalability Redundancy
• Certified for 3nm separation • Integration to ARTAS and Eurocat
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Three Systems at 8,000ft
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Combined at 8,000ft
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Conclusion • Economics and performance is driving a trend towards next generation surveillance. • Different needs and perspectives drive different strategies towards ADS-B and multilateration • Both ADS-B and Wide Area Multilateration are increasingly widely selected, deployed and certified. • At a time when we have to do more with less, these next generation surveillance techniques should be part of every ANSP’s plans. Dr. Dr. Werner Werner Langhans Langhans
[email protected] [email protected] +43 +43 664 664 6100395 6100395
Confidential
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