THE GROWTH OF INTERPERSONAL UNDERSTANDING Developmental and Clinical Analyses
Robert L. Selman Graduate School of Education Harvard University Cambri...
ACADEMIC PRESS 1980 A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers New York London Toronto Sydney San Francisco
Contents
Preface
xi
Acknowledgments
xv
1 Introduction
1
I BACKGROUND
2 The Foundation: Social Perspective Taking
11
The General Framework The Theoretical and Empirical Background: Structural Development and Studies of Social Reasoning Social Perspective Taking: Our Theory and Research Conclusion
13 23 35 46 vii
viii
Contents
3 An Analysis of "Pure" Perspective Taking: Games and the Delights of Deception Problems of Task Demands: The Skills of the Game Development of a Task: Decoy and Defender Method and Scoring {;^ • Results and Discussion " Conclusion .
49 52 55 57 62 64
II INTERPERSONAL UNDERSTANDINGPHASE 1: DESCRIPTIVE MODEL BUILDING
4 Constructing a Model of Interpersonal Understanding The Child's Search for Order and Stability: Developmental Aspects of the Growth of Interpersonal Understanding Stage-Developmental Structures: Four First-Order Concerns Construction of a Social-Cognitive Map of Interpersonal Understanding
71 73 76 82
5 Four Strands from the Fabric: A Developmental Description of Four Issues Concepts of Individuals: The Human Capacity for Self-Awareness Concepts of Friendship: The Resolution of Discord and Conflict between Two Individuals Concepts of Peer Groups: The Role and Function of Leadership Concepts of Parent-Child Relations: Children's Rationales for Punishment
Four Domains, Five Stages: A Summary Portrait of Interpersonal Understanding Summary Description of Stages in Conceptions of Individuals Summary Description of Stages in Conceptions of Friendship Summary Description of Stages in Conceptions of Peer Groups Summary Description of Stages in Conceptions of Parent-Child Relations Some Directions and Difficulties
93 94 106 114 120
131 132 136 142 147 151
Contents
III INTERPERSONAL UNDERSTANDINGPHASE 2: CONSTRUCT VALIDATION
A Developmental Analysfeof Interpersonal Understanding: The Measures, Their Reliability, and the Design The Assessment of Interpersonal Conceptions: Psychological Test, Clinical Interview, or Both Procedures for Assigning and Computing Stage Scores for Interpersonal Conceptions Reliability of Scoring Procedures Validation Analyses: Samples and Measures
159 162 164 166 171
8 The Development of Interpersonal Understanding: Five Analyses of Validity Analysis 1: Structured Wholeness and Variability— Cross-Sectional Correlations, Cross-Tabulations, and Factor Analyses Analysis 2: The Uses of Demographic Data Analysis 3: Longitudinal Data Analysis Analysis 4: Clinical-Comparative Analysis Analysis 5: Relating Interpersonal Understanding and Behavior Ratings An Interim Summary
175 175 183 189 193 200 204
IV INTERPERSONAL UNDERSTANDINGPHASE 3: APPLICATION
A Case Study of Social-Cognitive Development in a Naturalistic Setting
215
Daniel S. Jaquette Background Method Results Discussion and Conclusions
215 221 233 237
x
Contents
1O Application of a Formal Model to Functional Analysis: Case Studies in the Growth of Interpersonal Understanding Cognitive and Affective Components of Development: Contrast and Complement, _ Child Psychotherapy as a Natural Setting for Developmental Research with Gregory Jurkovic
Three Clinical Examples Three Examples from Normal Settings A Final Observational Example Conclusion
243 244 247
'
262 269 277 279
11 Summary and Conclusions: Practical and Theoretical Concerns Some Practical Concerns Some Theoretical Concerns A Final Word on the Validity of Research Using a Stage Model of Interpersonal Understanding
APPENDIX Illustrations of Suggested Methods for Interpersonal Understanding Interview Individuals Domain Interview Friendship Domain Interview
