The Growing Global Importance of Recycled Water
Water Conservation Showcase San Francisco, California March 24, 2009
Presentation Overview • Global Water Supply • International Water Recycling • Water Recycling in the United States • Major Recycled Water Projects in California • EBMUD Water Recycling • Q&A 2
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The World’s Water Supply Fresh Water 2.50%
World's Total Water Supply
0.80%
Fresh Water 2.5% 0.40%
30.10% Glaciers Groundwater Salt Water
Permafrost
Fresh Water
Surface and atmospheric water
Salt Water 97.50%
68.70%
1.61%
0.40%
Surface and Atmospheric Water .4%
8.53%
Freshwater lakes 9.54%
Soil moisture Atmosphere Wetlands
12.25%
Rivers Biota 67.67%
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Supply vs. Demand
Supply/ Demand
Population & Demand Available Water
Time 4
2
Global Water Use
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Areas of Water Stress in 2020
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3
India
Africa
7
Australia
8
4
Singapore
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Water Recycling Drivers in the United States • • • • • • • • • •
Drought-resistant or drought-proof supply Reliable water supply enhances economy Population growth/increasing demand for water Preserving limited drinking water supplies Ecosystem and environmental protection Wastewater disposal issues Economically feasible Well-established technology Sound public policy Integrated water planning 10
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Population Growth in the U.S.A.
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Projected Water Recycling Growth in U.S.A. Projected Water Reuse 2001 to 2015
Billions of Gallons per Day
13.2
2015
11.9 11.9billion billiongallons/day gallons/day
11.8 10.5 9.2 7.9 6.6 5.3 3.9 2.6 1.3 0
2001
2007
Year
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Potential for Water Recycling Approximately 9.8% of municipal wastewater effluent in the U.S.A. is currently recycled
9.8% Recycled
Municipal effluent in the U.S. = about 35 billion gallons/day 13
90% of Water Reuse Occurs in Four States Washington Montana
Vermont
North Dakota
Maine
Minnesota
Oregon Idaho
Wisconsin
South Dakota
Michigan
Wyoming Nebraska
Nevada Utah California
Arizona
Iowa
Pennsylvania Illinois Indiana
Ohio
Colorado Kansas
New Mexico
Oklahoma
New York
Missouri
West Virginia
Kentucky
New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut
New Jersey Delaware Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
Tennessee
South Carolina
Arkansas Mississippi
Alabama Texas Hawaii
Georgia
Louisiana Florida
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However, Water Reuse is Growing in Other States Washington Montana
Vermont
North Dakota Minnesota
Oregon Idaho
Massachusetts New Hampshire Wisconsin
South Dakota Wyoming Nebraska
Nevada Utah California
Arizona
Iowa
Pennsylvania Ohio
Colorado
New Mexico
Oklahoma
New York
Michigan
Illinois Indiana Kansas
Maine
Missouri
West Virginia
Kentucky
Rhode Island Connecticut
New Jersey Delaware Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
Tennessee
South Carolina
Arkansas Mississippi
Alabama Texas
Georgia
Louisiana Florida
Hawaii
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Typical Recycled Water Uses • • • •
Landscape irrigation Agricultural irrigation Industrial and commercial Non-potable urban uses (toilet flushing in high-rise offices) • Environmental uses • Groundwater recharge • Potable water supply augmentation 16
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Benefits of Recycled Water • Local, dependable water supply • Sustainable supply • Drought-resistant or drought- proof • Reduces wastewater discharges to surface waters • Reduces need for imported water supplies • Benefits the environment 17
Recycled Water Regulations • Regulations vary across the U.S.A. • No national standards in the U.S.A. • In general, highest treatment required for highest use (human contact potential) • California has the most stringent regulations, as set by the Department of Public Health (“multiple barrier” approach)
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Treatment Technologies for Recycled Water • Conventional treatment Media filtration (e.g., sand, anthracite) Chlorination or ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection
• Advanced treatment Membrane bioreactor (MBR) Microfiltration, ultrafiltration, or reverse osmosis membranes UV light disinfection
• Membranes = technology of choice internationally as best available technology for water purification
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Costs of Recycled Water Projects • Costs for recycled water projects vary across the U.S.A. (from minimal to more than $3,000 per acre foot) • Variable factors:
Proximity of treatment facility to users Retrofit vs. new development Urban vs. suburban Federal and state funding availability Subsidies offered 20
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California & Recycled Water, 1 • Early municipal use: San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park in 1912 and parks in the City of Pomona starting in 1929 • Major recycled water producers in southern California: Irvine Ranch Water District: 9 Recycled water = 20% of IRWD’s total water supply; ~40% of its delivered water supply; irrigates 80% of all landscaping in service area; 2 treatment plants have collective capacity to produce ~23 million gallons/day (mgd) 9 1991: IRWD 1st water district to get state health department permit to use recycled water for toilet flushing; currently, 40 office buildings constructed with dual plumbing systems Orange County Groundwater Replenishment System: 9 70 mgd > 85 mgd by 2011 9 Seawater intrusion barrier + indirect potable reuse (drinking water from groundwater injection & then extraction) 9 Treatment includes microfiltration, reverse osmosis, 21 hydrogen peroxide & UV light disinfection
California & Recycled Water, 2 • Major recycled water producers in northern California: Delta Diablo Sanitation District’s Recycled Water Facility: 9 Recycled water = 13 mgd treatment plant serves 2 power plants (cooling towers) & 20 acres of landscape irrigation 9 Largest industrial recycled water project in CA (at full operation) South Bay Water Recycling: 9 15 mgd (summer months) to more than 550 customers 9 11 local partner agencies (cities, special districts) 9 Landscape & agricultural irrigation; some industrial use Santa Rosa Subregional Wastewater Disposal System 9 The Geysers Recharge Project: 11 mgd to commercial geothermal field for steam-driven green power production 9 Agricultural & landscape irrigation 9 Driver = reduce wastewater discharges to Russian River 22
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Why EBMUD Recycles Water
! EBMUD’s Pardee Reservoir on March 25, 1977 with 47,000 acre-feet in storage (maximum capacity = 198,000 acre feet)
EBMUD’s Need for Water: 2030 281 million gallons per day (mgd)
Normal
Drought/Emergency Shortage 24
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EBMUD’s Commitment to Recycled Water Water Supply Management Program (WSMP) • Goal for water recycling by 2020: 14 mgd, saving enough of EBMUD’s drinking water to supply the indoor and outdoor needs of approximately 86,000 people per day • Proposed goal for water recycling by 2040*: 20 mgd, saving enough of EBMUD’s drinking water to supply the indoor and outdoor needs of approximately 123,000 people per day (*Pending PEIR completion, review, and EBMUD Board approval in 2009) 25
EBMUD Recycled Water Projects
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EBMUD’s Recycled Water Program:
Existing Users
• EBMUD Wastewater Treatment Plant • Richmond Country Club • Metropolitan Golf Links • Chuck Corica Golf Complex • Harbor Bay Parkway
Chuck Corica Golf Complex
• Chevron Richmond Refinery • San Ramon Valley RWP (Phase 1) • East Bayshore RWP (Phase 1A) Chevron Refinery 27
Recycled Water Truck Program:
Responding to drought!
• No charge for truck program recycled water to date (may change in 2009) • Filling Stations: EBMUD’s Wastewater Treatment Plant North Richmond Water Reclamation Plant
• Partner Agencies: Central Contra Costa Sanitary District Dublin San Ramon Services District West County Wastewater District
• Results as of end of February 2009:
46 permitted EBMUD customers 13 permitted by partner agencies Recycled water supplied: - EBMUD = ~2 million gallons (mg) - Partner agencies = ~3.7 mg - Potable water saved = more than 5.7 mg
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EBMUD’s Recycled Water Program:
Under Construction • San Ramon Valley Recycled Water Project • East Bayshore Recycled Water Project • Richmond Advanced Recycled Expansion (RARE) Water Project (Chevron Refinery)
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EBMUD’s Recycled Water Program:
Proposed Projects
• Rodeo Recycled Water Project (ConocoPhillips Refinery) • Possible satellite treatment plants
ConocoPhillips Refinery
• WSMP 2040: Future projects to be identified 30 Satellite Plants: Potential Golf Course Customers
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Challenges to Increased Water Reuse • Proactive public education & outreach • Funding assistance from federal and state governments • Better and broader economic analyses • Consistent regulations protective of public and environmental health • Additional research, including into endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals & personal care products (PPCPs) 31
Concluding Remarks • Water recycling is growing in the U.S.A. • Water recycling also is increasing in Australia, Southeast Asia, and other regions of the world • Opportunities for water recycling are numerous as population and demand for water increase
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Q&A Lori Steere Community Affairs Representative II East Bay Municipal Utility District Office of Water Recycling www.ebmud.com (510) 287-1631
[email protected] 33
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