European Institute of Public Administration The European Commission supports EIPA through the European Union budget

European Institute of Public Administration O.L. Vrouweplein 22 P.O. Box 1229 6201 BE Maastricht The Netherlands http://www.eipa.eu 2007

Table of Contents Foreword

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EIPA, a European Institute – Introduction – Organisation – Staff – EIPA’s Antennae

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EIPA’s International Role – EIPA and the European Union – EIPA and the Partners of the EU across the Globe

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Activities – Training – Research and Consultancy

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Information and Documentation

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Publications – EIPA’s Bulletin

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Contact Addresses

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List of Scientific Staff (http://www.eipa.eu)

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Foreword On the following pages the European Institute of Public Administration (EIPA) will be presented to you and its missions, activities and organisation will be set out. EIPA is a unique establishment, poised between the training needs of the European institutions, the Member States of the European Union and the countries that have applied for accession. It serves public management and public administrations in their adaptation to the European integration process. Established in Maastricht in 1981 and having four Antennae, one in Luxembourg, one in Barcelona, one in Milan and one in Warsaw, EIPA is a European instrument for training public officials. It complements and enriches this primary activity through applied research conducted by its scientific staff, and through consultancy for national and regional administrations. The European dimension is the raison d’être of the Institute in its main objective of providing training to civil services, and this is also strongly reflected in the way the Institute operates. Its Board of Governors is composed of representatives from the EU Member States, and, as associated members, representatives of the third countries that have signed a cooperation agreement with the Institute. The successive enlargements of the European Union, particularly the one in 2004 with the accession of 10 new members, serve to highlight the importance of training for public administrations – without whose full participation the implementation of European rules and policies would be practically impossible – as well as the enormity of this need for training at national and regional level. It is therefore in an environment which has changed profoundly over a period of 25 years that EIPA now has to develop, even though the reasons which led to its creation still apply. Being of an 3

intergovernmental nature, EIPA is ideally placed to respond to the training needs of administrations and even to anticipate them on the basis of European developments. But the fact that it has a permanent and international scientific staff also qualifies it to implement contracts with the European Union, for the training of the latter’s own staff but also for activities for the Member States, the candidate countries and certain third countries. Compared with many other organisations, EIPA has definitely added value as it is in a position to fuel increasingly diversified and specialised training – through its own research potential –, to organise activities in a multinational environment in which participants from all European countries can share their experience and compare their respective approaches, and to take on the task of providing impetus and performing an “early warning function” at European level. By combining this partnership approach with all the characteristics that have made it unique from the beginning, the European Institute of Public Administration will best meet the demand for quality required in the services it supplies.

Prof. Dr Gérard Druesne Director-General of EIPA 4

EIPA, a European Institute Introduction Created in 1981 at the time of the first European Council held in Maastricht, EIPA is unique in that it is supported by the administrations of the Member States of the European Union (EU) and the European Commission, which contribute to its financing (it has for instance a budget line in the annual budget of the EU). Since 1 January 2007, 23 of the 27 Member States form part of EIPA; only Latvia, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia have not yet officially become members. Its principal mission, as stated in its Constitution, is “to support the European Union and its Member States and the countries associated with EIPA by providing relevant and high quality services to develop the capacities of public officials in dealing with EU affairs.” The training activities are complemented and enriched by applied research and consultancy missions which may benefit national and regional public administrations, as well as the European institutions, and contribute to a better knowledge of the European integration process and European policies and strengthen the capacity of public servants to take part in this. Bilateral cooperation agreements confer the status of “country associated with EIPA” on those countries involved in the European integration process that wish to have that status. Such an agreement has so far only been concluded with Norway.

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While the Institute is European on account of its field of activities, it is also European because of the comparative nature of its approach to public administration and management. Whether training deals with instruments for coordination regarding European affairs, with methods of implementing Community policies at national or sub-national level, or with the improvement of managerial practices, the analysis of administrative systems of the Member States is always comparative in its perspective. In this way the participants acquire an overall view, which, by providing contrasts, reflects the European diversity in terms of governance and administration. The topics are presented in a multidisciplinary way – covering law, administrative science, management and economics – which makes it possible to grasp all the aspects, and with the systematic use of case studies and simulation exercises. It is this strongly comparative and multicultural approach that undoubtedly makes EIPA stand out among many other training institutes and that gives it truly European added value. The Institute is situated on the picturesque Onze Lieve Vrouweplein in the historical centre of the city of Maastricht. Organisation The Board of Governors is chaired by Mr Henning Christophersen (DK), former Vice-President of the European Commission and member of the Presidium of the Convention on the Future of Europe. It is composed of representatives from the EU Member States – in principle the person responsible for public administration and the public service – as well as representatives of third countries that have signed a cooperation agreement with EIPA as associated members. Responsibility for the preparation and implementation of the Institute’s policies regarding training and research, as well as for its representation and daily management, lies with the DirectorGeneral, Mr Gérard Druesne (F), University Professor and former 6

President/Rector of the University of Nancy, former Director of the ERASMUS Bureau of the European Commission and former Director of the Centre des études européennes in Strasbourg. In 2002, a Scientific Advisory Committee was set up to advise the Director-General on scientific matters. The committee members were selected from five areas of expertise, namely: • Community Law and Policies; • Foreign and Security Policy and European Defence Policy; • Justice and Home Affairs; • Public Management; • Comparative Public Administration. At the internal level, EIPA has three units which deal respectively with: • European Decision-Making; • Public Management and Comparative Public Administration; • European Policies. Staff The total number of permanent staff at EIPA is just over 100 (fulltime equivalents). The teaching staff consists of both academics and civil servants, recruited directly or seconded from the various national administrations so as to ensure a balance between the scientific/academic perspective and direct experience in administrative practice. These staff members come from most EU Member States and from the countries associated with the Institute, in order to thus guarantee a wide range of approaches and maintain close and permanent contact with the governments of all the countries. In addition to this permanent teaching staff, there are many experts and practitioners who work at the European institutions and in national and regional administrations, thereby covering all topics relating to the European integration process, even the most specific ones, according to developments in that process. 7

Besides the teaching and scientific staff, the Institute has an experienced administrative staff with a wide variety of skills and competences. EIPA’s two official working languages are English and French but other languages may also be used where there is a need. EIPA’s Antennae Antenna Luxembourg In 1992, EIPA established an Antenna in Luxembourg in cooperation with the Government of the Grand Duchy. Located on the Kirchberg Plateau, close to the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance of the European Communities, the European Centre for Judges and Lawyers offers training programmes in European law to judges, lawyers and legal experts in general, which take place in Luxembourg and in other Member States, as well as in the candidate countries for accession. It organises for instance a programme leading to a Master’s degree in European Legal Studies / Master en études européennes – Spécialité Droit de la construction européenne, in partnership with the University of Nancy and in cooperation with the University of Luxembourg, and contributes to the Master’s programme in European Integration and Regionalism of the University of Bolzano, in which the Barcelona Antenna is also involved.

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Antenna Barcelona Since 1996, EIPA has had an Antenna in Barcelona, the European Centre for the Regions. Supported by the Generalitat de Cataluñya (Government of Catalonia), the centre aims to promote regional cooperation within the EU and to ensure coherence in the implementation of Community policies at sub-national level. It also develops training programmes for the administrations of the associated countries of the Mediterranean Basin in the framework of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (MEDA). Antenna Milan In 2002, the European Training Centre for Social Affairs and Public Health Care was established in Milan. Supported by the Government of the Region of Lombardy, it organises activities relating to the free movement of workers, employment strategies and public health policies.

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Antenna Warsaw In 2006, the European Centre for Public Financial Management was set up in Warsaw further to a proposal of the Polish Government (Office of the Civil Service). Located in the building of the National School of Public Administration (KSAP), it organises activities on budgetary procedures, taxation and control, and the adaptation of public administrations to European requirements and standards for the candidate and potential candidate countries.

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EIPA’s International Role EIPA and the European Union EIPA is primarily concerned with programmes aimed at improving the understanding of EU processes and policies, developing the capacities of the administrations of the Member States to cope with European integration, and assisting the development of cooperation between these administrations. Moreover, the Institute conducts comparative studies for the half-yearly meetings of the Directors-General of the Public Service of the EU Member States in the framework of EPAN (European Public Administration Network). EIPA regularly organises seminars at the request of the institutions of the European Union (particularly the Commission). Similarly, it develops activities for national governments, addressing their specific needs for training. An example of this is the series of seminars on the Presidency, which is aimed at preparing senior officials of national administrations for holding the six-month Presidency of the Council of the European Union. The Institute also organises seminars open to civil servants, judges, lawyers and academics from all EU Member States as well as from third countries. An example of this is the series on European negotiations, where participants analyse and implement the

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strategies and tactics relevant to European negotiations and develop their skills for efficiently conducting such negotiations. As regards the series on comitology, this is designed for civil servants of the Member States who are involved in the Community decisionmaking processes through their involvement in various expert committees and groups of the Commission and Council working groups in which they represent their respective administrations. Officials from the candidate countries are trained either under European programmes or in the framework of bilateral cooperation between certain Member States and these countries, such as e.g. Luxembourg for which the Institute’s Antenna organises seminars in Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania as well as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). Special emphasis is placed on the training of officials from regional and local administrations in order to improve their effectiveness in handling European dossiers that fall within their competence, and to make sure that they benefit as much as possible from the policies that concern them directly. In this respect, EIPA relies particularly on the European Centre for the Regions, its Antenna in Barcelona. Special cooperation has been established with the Foundation for European Studies, the European Institute in Lodz in Poland, where in-house seminars are organised for the Polish administration about such topics as the constraints and methods of incorporating the acquis communautaire and the adaptations this requires from the administrative departments and staff. An important development is the training of officials from the European institutions, representing around 20% of all the participants in the Institute’s training activities in 2005.

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Besides actual training, EIPA also carries out technical assistance and consultancy programmes about the approximation between national laws of candidate countries and Community law. EIPA and the Partners of the EU across the Globe The Institute also develops activities relating to the institutions and policies of the EU for public administrations of countries other than the Member States and those aiming for accession. For instance, through its Antenna in Barcelona, EIPA is carrying out several training programmes for the public administrations of the 10 associated Mediterranean partners in the framework of the EuroMediterranean Partnership and of the creation of an area of free trade between these countries and the EU. This programme deals with industrial cooperation and the internal market, the functioning of the European institutions and decision-making processes, as well as with justice. For the European Commission EIPA coordinates the consortium in charge of the public administration programme between China and Europe, and manages a contract aimed at restructuring the police force in Bosnia-Herzegovina. It also organises, in a bilateral framework, seminars for South Korea as well as for participants from the United States in collaboration with the Brookings Institution in Washington.

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Activities Every year, EIPA runs approximately 600 activities and welcomes nearly 10,000 participants from more than 40 different countries to its 350 training events. These activities are normally held in English or French, although simultaneous interpretation to and from other languages is provided in some seminars. Some programmes organised in the participants’ country take place in their national language. Training EIPA tailors most of its training activities to its target group, i.e. civil servants, judges and managers involved in the formulation and implementation of European policies, European, national or regional politicians, as well as European experts in the field of public administration. Most of the Institute’s activities are organised on the basis of contracts concluded with states, European institutions or other organisations, either further to a tender won by EIPA as coordinator or partner in a consortium, or through direct negotiations. However, the number of “open activities” organised by the Institute on its own initiative and for which participants register individually is steadily increasing: 103 were organised in 2006 and these underline a key dimension of the Institute’s mission. Indeed, EIPA is to play a “proactive” role on the European scene and to take the initiative in opening up new avenues in the training of public administrations, and not only to respond to requests which it receives from different governments and European institutions. EIPA has a growing number of recurrent seminars, thereby increasing its visibility and showing that the Institute is the place where European meetings on certain subjects are organised on a regular basis. Such is the case with activities that deal with committees and comitology, the Presidency and European 14

negotiations, human resource management in public administrations, public procurement, state aid and European information. But whatever its methods, EIPA’s main characteristic is still the same and basically constitutes its added value: as its training courses for the most part bring together participants from many EU Member States and candidate countries, they take place in a multicultural environment where the transfer of knowledge and know-how is successfully combined with exchanges of experience and best practices drawn from profoundly different administrative systems. The training sessions often comprise case studies and simulations of situations experienced within European processes. This is obviously no different in the seminars which aim at the joint learning of techniques for European negotiations or which deal with the participation in the various phases of the Community decision-making process. The same pedagogical approach can be seen in the postgraduate programme leading to a Master’s degree in European legal studies which the Antenna Luxembourg organises in cooperation with the Universities of Nancy and Luxembourg, as well as in its participation in the Master’s in European Public Affairs of the University of Maastricht. As stated earlier, EIPA has its own teaching staff who implement its training activities and conduct the research supporting it. It also has an international network of experts at its disposal in order to be able to meet the highly diverse and specialised needs of public administrations. Research and Consultancy Research is an integral part of EIPA’s mission. It is directly related to the needs of national administrations and the European institutions and is necessary to guarantee the quality of the training provided.

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Research and consultancy activities are designed to meet the current and future needs of the administrations responsible for formulating and managing European policies. Research leads to publications and helps define training programmes via the preparation of case material and case studies, regular and continuous comparative studies of public policy management and ongoing investigations of administrative capacities required for managing integration. At a more general level, by acting as a thinktank and making proposals, EIPA contributes to the debate on ideas about the development of the European institutions and policies and about the best way for national and regional administrations to support the integration process. Special mention should be made here of the studies conducted for the Directors-General of the Public Service of the EU Member States and of the European Commission. At the request of successive Presidencies of the EU, EIPA is regularly called upon to carry out comparative analyses of topics of common interest, on the basis of detailed questionnaires completed by the Member States and the European Commission. In this way, it provides a periodic general overview of the state of progress of European public administrations in fields such as e-government, human resource management, and modernisation and reform processes in public administrations, or the use of management-by-quality instruments (particularly the Common Assessment Framework – CAF).

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Information and Documentation EIPA’s library houses a collection of some 25,000 volumes on European issues, public administration and public management, political science, law and economics. It also subscribes to approximately 350 periodicals. In 1990, the Institute was granted the status of European Documentation Centre by the Commission, which made it the depository of all official EU documents in English and in many cases also of those in French. EIPA’s library is fully automated and provides access to all EU databases, on-line or on CD-ROM. The library’s catalogue can be accessed through our web site. Furthermore, there are terminals available for visitors to use, which can also be used to surf the Net. The library is open to the public from 08.30 to 17.30, Monday to Friday.

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Publications EIPA publishes and distributes working papers (the complete texts of which can be found free of charge on our web site), proceedings of colloquia or seminars and documents containing the results of research activities (the latter are published in a series called “Current European Issues”). All these can be ordered directly from the Institute. A complete list of current and forthcoming publications can be obtained either directly from the publications department or by consulting our web site (http://www.eipa.eu). EIPA’s Bulletin EIPA’s bulletin, EIPASCOPE, is published three times a year and contains articles in English and French on a wide variety of subjects related to EIPA’s activities, as well as a programme of activities for the coming months and a list of recent and forthcoming publications. EIPASCOPE can be obtained free of charge on request by contacting the Publications Department. It can also be accessed on our web site (http://www.eipa.eu), where all back issues can also be found.

Tripartite Arrangements An Effective Tool for Multilevel Governance?

Decentralisation and Accountability As a Focus of Public Administration Modernisation Challenges and Consequences for Human Resource Management

Edited by

Gracia Vara Arribas Delphine Bourdin

European Centre for the Regions

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Christoph Demmke Gerhard Hammerschmid Renate Meyer

Contact Addresses Headquarters Maastricht European Institute of Public Administration O.L. Vrouweplein 22 P.O. Box 1229 6201 BE Maastricht The Netherlands Tel.: +31 43 329 62 22 Fax: +31 43 329 62 96 E-mail: [email protected] Internet site: http://www.eipa.eu Programme Organisation Mrs Wytske Veenman Tel.: +31 43 329 62 47 Fax: +31 43 329 62 96 E-mail: [email protected] Information, Publications, Documentation and Marketing Services Mr Cosimo Monda Tel.: +31 43 329 62 83 Fax: +31 43 329 62 96 E-mail:[email protected] Antenna Luxembourg European Centre for Judges and Lawyers Mrs Marie-Christine Sindic Circuit de la Foire Internationale 2 1347 Luxembourg Luxembourg Tel.: +352 42 62 301 Fax: +352 42 62 37 E-mail: [email protected]

Antenna Barcelona European Centre for the Regions (ECR) Mr Raymond Pelzer c/Girona, 20 08010 Barcelona Spain Tel.: +34 93 567 24 00 Fax: +34 93 567 23 99 E-mail: [email protected] Antenna Milan European Training Centre for Social Affairs and Public Health Care (CEFASS) Mr Dario Gattinoni Via Copernico 42 20125 Milan Italy Tel.: +39 02 671 00 600 Fax: +39 02 699 82 686 E-mail: [email protected] Antenna Warsaw European Centre for Public Financial Management Mr Piotr Perczynski ul. Wawelska 56 00-922 Warsaw Poland E-mail: [email protected] Representative Office Brussels Rue d’Egmont 11/Egmontstraat 11 1000 Brussels Belgium Tel.: +32 – 2 50 21 006 Fax: +32 – 2 51 16 770 E-mail: [email protected]

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23 Apr 07