“The EnLight Project ‐ Example of a Digital LED Lighting System” Thomas Noll Senior Director
LpS, Bregenz, 2013
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 1
Content Introduction o Technological trends o EnLight objectives
System architecture key concepts o Decentralized intelligence (LCN) o Modular Intra-Luminaire architecture (ILB)
Intermediate results o EnLight building blocks o OSRAM luminaires
Demonstrators o Demo hospitality o Validation and energy budget
Outlook and summary
Official web page: http://www.enlight‐project.eu/
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 2
Technological “Trend-Setters” Broadcasting Standards & Alliances
Lighting: Standards & Alliances
Legislation: EU and USA
… and more recently:
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 3
Technological trends: “The bulb” Legal boundary conditions
Market penetration
??? “EnLight = beyond retrofit”
Up to here: Just evolution
???
???
Disruptive approach: “The liberation of Light”
Form factor leads to performance problems like maintenance, life time, efficiency (Tj), … and limits control capabilities Similar curve for User Interfaces LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 4
Time
The EnLight project Project aim To exploit the full potential of solid-state lighting through breakthrough innovations on • non-conventional, • energy efficient, • intelligent lighting systems, • beyond LED retrofit applications, with the aim of 40% additional energy reduction compared to LED retrofit systems. Main drivers: Haitz’ and Moore
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 5
The EnLight project Energy saving challenge •
Energy efficient light source: -20% Electrical efficiency
– Integrated drivers – Power supply – Communication & control – Optical efficiency – Higher LOR – Thermal efficiency – Lower Tj
•
Intelligent control: -20%: – – – –
The right light, at the right amount at the right place at the right time
Applications & energy saving strategies:
Control system
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 6
The EnLight project Technology objectives Objective
Objective
Objective Optimal LED lighting modules Challenges: • Optical design • Thermal management • Electrical integration (drivers, communication) • Reliability
Intelligent lighting systems
Future, nonconventional luminaires Challenges: • Freedom of design • Novel features • Architectural flexibility and serviceability
Challenges: • Data mining, algorithms • Smart sensors and sensor fusion • Architecture • Interfacing with BMS
EnLight = Beyond
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 7
The EnLight project Application Domains A. Hospitality Developing intelligent energy-saving functionalities to enhance comfort
B. Office Seamlessly integrating lighting to facilitate the offices of the future, using data on perception, psychology, design, and human factors
C. Power Grid Effects Validation and evaluation of the impacts of new EnLight devices and lighting systems on the electric distribution grid (i.e. PF) LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 8
The EnLight project: Consortium
26 remaining partners 3 Years, Jun 2011‐May 2014 Covering hole value chain LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 9
Content Introduction o Technological trends o EnLight objectives
System architecture key concepts o Decentralized intelligence (LCN) o Modular Intra-Luminaire architecture (ILB)
Intermediate results o EnLight building blocks o OSRAM luminaires
Demonstrators o Demo hospitality o Validation and energy budget
Outlook and summary
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 10
Decentralized intelligence Lighting Control Network (LCN)
Wired (IP), Wireless (Zigbee)
‘Internet of Things’ design pattern: • Nodes autonomously react to events raised by sensors in the network • All decision processes take place locally at each node LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 11
Decentralized intelligence Main advantages ‘Internet of Things’ design pattern: • No central node & no global knowledge of network topology is required • All decision processes take place locally at each node and no global knowledge of the network is required a priori Intelligent luminaire + embedded controller is cornerstone building block: • Autonomously controls brightness, CCT, color, beam shape, … • Reacts to events instead of being instructed by e.g. a central controller • All nodes in the network can raise events using a new ZigBee profile • Connection to Building Control Network via area controller “Intelligence by configuration”: • Rules based behavior, configured during commissioning phase • Flexible: Ability to adapt/change behavior per node • Self learning: Ability to adapt behavior as result of global data analysis and data mining LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 12
Modular Intra-Luminaire architecture
Two step power conversion (SELV inside luminaire)
(Fully digital) Intra-Luminaire communication Bus interface (ILB): • Allows to decouple lifecycles of independent technologies • Enables market players to contribute, differentiate and compete • Additional advantages in case of DC grids (Emerge Alliance) LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 13
Why decentralized architecture? •
Robustness: – No single point of failure but graceful degradation when node fails
•
Scalability: – Investments, complexity and intelligence grow linear with number of nodes – Low entry level – Combines smoothly with today’s systems (i.e. non-intelligent luminaires)
•
Modularity and expandability: – Nodes can be easily added, changed and (re-)configured – Enables luminaire differentiation in functionality and performance – Feature up during luminaire lifetime.
•
Effectiveness and reduced complexity: – Less complex commissioning when using local embedded sensors – Built-in presence detectors increase overall energy efficiency compared to centrally placed external sensors.
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 14
Content Introduction o Technological trends o EnLight objectives
System architecture key concepts o Decentralized intelligence (LCN) o Modular Intra-Luminaire architecture (ILB)
Intermediate results o EnLight building blocks o OSRAM luminaires
Demonstrators o Demo hospitality o Validation and energy budget
Outlook and summary
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 15
EnLight building blocks: Categories Office 1 Office 2 Hospitality
App Champs: Meeting room
Level: System
Meeting room
Open Plan
Corridor
Power bal. dto, Mini
Glow
Spot
Wedge single/panel
Spot
HiQLED
Arktika L+Q
Door
ILB Driver
Module
Zigbee remote User Control 3D camera
ILB dev kit
PIR+Light Level
Area configurator
2 button switch
ILB embedded sensors ILB Embedded Controller
ILB PSU 70W
Table demos only
DLT Adapter
Zigbee Local User Controls
ILB PSU 20W
Driver boost
Component
Area controller
M30 Sensors
DIO PSU
Driver & EC Combi
Grid demonstrator
Area infrastructure
External sensors and controls
Task Flex
Driver buck
Bath‐ room
Corridor
Lounge area
Intelligent luminaires
Fixture
Hotel room
Office room
Power grid
PIR + Light level
Non ILB Controller (embedded)
PIR + cheap camera Research
Ext sensor & LUC dev kit
Communications oftware
Decision/ Fusion engine
Apps for smart phone
Logical luminaire
Antenna design
Mini ITX platform
Research
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 16
General sw support Design for low kWh/y.m2
EnLight building blocks: Examples
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 17
EnLight building blocks Diversity Apps
Switch panels
3D/2D camera Bolometer
Radar sensors PIR/LL, Hum/Temp sensors
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 18
EnLight building blocks Luminaire examples •
Intelligent (mini) PowerBalance: – Recessed luminaire – 4-channel LED strings (CW/WW/Amber/Blue) for tunable white applications – Integrated PIR/light level/temperature sensor
•
Wedge: – Expandable RGBW decorative tile – Independent control per tile
•
Intelligent Glow: – Suspended luminaire – Independent task and ambient light (RGBW) – Integrated PIR/light level/temperature sensor
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 19
EnLight building blocks ILB modules •
LED drivers: Compact 3- and 4-channel based on NXP’s UBA3070 (buck) and UBA3077 (boost), >95% efficiency, expandable
•
Embedded controller based on NXP’s existing Jennic processor family (JN5168)
•
Embedded sensors: Combined PIR, light level and temperature sensors
•
Power-supplies: 20W and 75W with high efficiency up to 94% over dimming range, +24V+5V, galvanic isolation, standby power mode
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 20
EnLight building blocks “Plugfests” Three technical system integration workshops held so far: 1. Eindhoven 6-7 May 2. Traunreut 11 June 3. Eindhoven 27-28 Aug
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 21
EnLight building blocks Some snapshots
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 22
Overview OSRAM luminaires
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 23
Luminaires for demo hospitality Wedge concept (Stand alone version)
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 24
Luminaires for demo hospitality: Expandable wedge tile concept 4-channel concept: 16x Red (625 nm) 16x Blue (439-449nm) 16x Warm White (ww) 16x Mint R
BL
ww
M
1xController
1xSensor
3xPSU
4x Boost with Jennic
16 x wedge 400 x 400 x25 mm square LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 25
12x Boost w/o Jennic
Luminaires for demo hospitality Door concept
12x UBA 3077
• All electronics (drivers, PSU, sensors) integrated in the door frame • Mains feed through on side with hinge • Standard Al profiles as heat sink -> Tj close to room temperature LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 26
Luminaires for demo hospitality HiQLED • • • • • •
Very flat design (10 mm) Integration into building materials (wood) Reflector = heat sink, Tj 90% Ra>90 at 2500 … 3500K Different applications: bed light, table, track light, Troffer 600x600,…
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 27
Luminaires for demo hospitality Spot module (table demo) • Replaceable LLE as enabler for “green values principle” • Direct heat flow from LLE to heat sink as enabler for low pcb temperature and Tj • Heat sink may be part of luminaire, allowing cost saving and new form factors • Small size of LLE (6mm) as enabler for excellent optical properties • High optical efficiency of lens (up to 95%), good color mixing and uniform light pattern • Modularity by use of other modules like HiQLED • Ease of assembly and industrialization
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 28
Content Introduction o Technological trends o EnLight objectives
System architecture key concepts o Decentralized intelligence (LCN) o Modular Intra-Luminaire architecture (ILB)
Intermediate results o EnLight building blocks o OSRAM luminaires
Demonstrators o Demo hospitality o Validation and energy budget
Outlook and summary
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 29
Demonstrators
• Office1 @Philips Lighting, Eindhoven – Areas: Corridor, Open Office, meeting room
• Office2 @VTT, Oulu – Multi-functional area: Office, meeting room, demonstration space
• Hospitality @ hotel, Regensburg – Hotel room: bedroom, bathroom, corridor
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 30
Existing installation in bedroom
• Incandescent lamps 25…60W, some MR16 halogen spots 35W • Dark furniture, partially suspended ceiling, big windows • Small room with space eating desk light and bed lamps OSRAM approach: Focus on new form factors & Integrate light into building materials LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 31
Demo Hospitality Bathroom
Bedroom Luminaires in red
Agenda
2: Bathroom door
1
4
3 7
1: Entrance door, room side
6
2 5
3: Shower panel
4: Desk light
5: Wedge Panel 6: Bed lights
6 7: Mirror light
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 32
Demo Hospitality … it’s just picking from building blocks Office 1 Office 2 Hospitality
App Champs: Meeting room
Level: System
Meeting room
Open Plan
Corridor
Power bal. dto, Mini
Glow
Spot
Wedge single/panel
Spot
HiQLED
Arktika L+Q
Door
ILB Driver
Module
Zigbee remote User Control 3D camera
ILB dev kit
PIR+Light Level
Area configurator
2 button switch
ILB embedded sensors ILB Embedded Controller
ILB PSU 70W
Table demos only
DLT Adapter
Zigbee Local User Controls
ILB PSU 20W
Driver boost
Component
Area controller
M30 Sensors
DIO PSU
Driver & EC Combi
Grid demonstrator
Area infrastructure
External sensors and controls
Task Flex
Driver buck
Bath‐ room
Corridor
Lounge area
Intelligent luminaires
Fixture
Hotel room
Office room
Power grid
PIR + Light level
Non ILB Controller (embedded)
PIR + cheap camera Research
Ext sensor & LUC dev kit
Communications oftware
Decision/ Fusion engine
Apps for smart phone
Logical luminaire
Antenna design
Mini ITX platform
Research
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 33
General sw support Design for low kWh/y.m2
Wedge concept (simulation)
Each pixel counts
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 34
New installation: Integration of lighting into building materials (e.g. furniture) • Wedge tiles fixed on bed frame • Rotatable HiQLED for enlarges application range (reading light, wall washer)
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 35
Validation Balance energy efficiency and comfort
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 36
Validation Energy Savings per strategy •
Benchmark results (IES1), average results:
Building Occupancy Daylighting Personal type tuning Office 23% 38% 38%
Institutional Multiple tuning types 38% 42%
… but EnLight enables more advanced energy saving strategies: Variable CRI/CCT, adaptive to task (i.e. Circadian or energy saving mode) Adding localized - luminaire-integrated - sensors and control Enhancing system intelligence through fusion of integrated and external sensor events
1:
http://www.ies.org/leukos/samples/1_Jan12.pdf
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 37
Validation Energy saving strategies Strategy Task tuning Room
Personal control
Occupancy
Time schedule
Daylight harvest
Load shedding
Bedroom
Scene selection
CCT, Task light level
Yes (PIR)
Circadian rhythm
Constant lux
No (no smart meter)
Bathroom
Scene selection
CCT, Task light level
Yes (PIR)
Circadian rhythm, Jetlag
Constant lux
No (no smart meter)
Corridor
Scene selection
People tracking, Task light level
Yes (Camera)
Circadian rhythm, Seasons light
Partially (window area)
No (no smart meter)
Source: Ref.4 [mod.]
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 38
Validation Energy budget: Example wedge
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 39
Validation Energy budget: Summary
• • • • •
All luminaires fulfill EnLight energy saving target (40%) Definition of baseline sometimes critical due to missing comparator Spot is outstanding due to high LOR and low Tc No savings attributed directly to drivers, only indirect via intelligence For Wedge and Door energy saving may be somewhat lower due to the “Rebound effect”
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 40
(Excel)
Content Introduction o Technological trends o EnLight objectives
System architecture key concepts o Decentralized intelligence (LCN) o Modular Intra-Luminaire architecture (ILB)
Intermediate results o EnLight building blocks o OSRAM luminaires
Demonstrators o Demo hospitality o Validation and energy budget
Outlook and summary
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 41
Summary: Outlook Year 3 •
Install demo systems in two offices and hotel
•
Integrate additional modules & fixtures from consortium partners
•
Validate the energy efficiency and lighting comfort
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 42
Summary: Why is EnLight SMART?
= Strategic: Energy saving , beyond retrofit, IoT design pattern Manageable: Reduced complexity, robust, open system Advanced: Real: Tailorable:
architecture (to be standardized) Rules, self learning, sensor fusion, data mining Real life demonstrator Plug & play, scalable, flexible, expandable
„The right light in the right shape at the right time at the right place“ LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 43
Thank you! Questions? LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 44
Technological trends Haitz’ & Moore
Source: Kees van der Klauw, Smart Lighting, May 2013 LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 45
1...10V
Market penetration & technologies
Technological trends Lighting User Interfaces (UIs)
What will be the future?
Time LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 46
Intra-Luminaire Bus How it works Three layer structure: 1.
2. 3.
Application software, invoking a (local or remote) function of the module (e.g. controller, sensor) via standard message SW bus, enabling the communication between applications HW bus (driver and physical HW) connecting the SW buses running on separate processors
• • • •
Controller
2 3
Reusable and exchangeable building blocks Portability to different physical communication layers (e.g. I2C, RS485, …) Abstraction from implementation technology (e.g. PIR, Ultrasound, ) Application software integration into combined hardware execution platform Multi-master mode enabling low standby power Plug and play
Sensor
Light generator
SW bus HW bus Hardware Module A
Technical Features: • •
1
Light Generation
Hardware Module B
Sensor
Hardware Module C
Controller
SW bus HW bus
Manage luminaire diversity and complexity while driving BOM and NRE costs down
Processor 1
Processor 2
Integrate on one board LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 47
LCN Communication New ZigBee profile
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 48
Embedded controller with rules as interface between ILB and LCN
Intelligence = Set of rules Fusion engine enables stateful combination of (sensor) events Area Configurator Rules XML
Binary
Intelligent Intelligent Luminaire Luminaire
External Sensor
Rules configuration during commissioning phase LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 49
Intelligence by configuration Rules: Structure
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 50
Sensor fusion Sensor fusion is the combining of sensory data or data derived from sensory data from disparate sources such that the resulting information is in some sense better than would be possible if these sources were used individually. The term better in this case can mean more accurate, more complete, or more dependable, or refer to the result of an emerging view, such as stereoscopic vision (calculation of depth information by combining two-dimensional images from two cameras at slightly different viewpoints). The data sources for a fusion process do not need to originate from identical sensors.
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 51
Connection of LCN to Building Control Network Operator Interface Data Analysis
Plugwise E‐Monitoring
Data Mining
Smart Phone Apps Building Control Network ‐ IP
Area Controller
Area Configuration
XML Lighting Control Network ‐ Zigbee
Intelligent Intelligent Luminaire Intelligent Luminaire Luminaire
External External Sensors External Sensors Sensor
Local User Local User Controls Local User Controls Control
3D Camera
DLT Adapter DLT
DLT User DLT User Controls DLT User Controls Controls
DLT DLT Luminaire DLT Luminaire Luminaire
Source: F.v.Tuil, Ph LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 52 TW#3 Helsinki, 11/12
Power supply architecture • Central supply unit: – Galvanic isolation required only once – PF, EMI, harmonics addressed once – High power supply should be < 60V and switchable (to reduce standby power)
• Split High and Low power supply: – High power for power demanding devices (LLEs, some sensors). • Voltage level impacts ohmic losses, ECG architectures • 24V Current choice – 5V Low power for communication bus, sensors
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 53
Energy budget The Rebound Effect Source: vdi‐nachrichten “Energy saving is partially balanced by change of user behavior. Examples: 1. 2.
If you don‘t switch light off, saying „I have energy efficient lighting“ ‐> Direct Rebound effect, can be addressed by EnLight via sensors. If you spent saved money i.e. for a short shopping trip to New York ‐> Indirect Rebound effect, out of scope of EnLight.
‐> Climate goals 20/20/20 are in danger. Examples broken down to EnLight demonstrators: • Hospitality: Hotel owner may spent saved money for investment in heated swimming pool. • Office: Allianz shares may rise due to saved money and better EBIT. ‐> Some shareholders may sell and proceed like described in 2)
LpS conference | Bregenz | Thomas Noll I Demo hospitality of the EnLight project | Consortium Public | Sept 24‐26, 2013 | Slide 54
