THE EMERGENCE OF NEWSPACE 1

THE IMPACT ON THE SPACE INDUSTRY AND THE NEXT GENERATION OF ENGINEERS

IEEE Region 8 SYP Congress 2016 Regensburg, Germany 20 August 2016 Burton Dicht [email protected] 2

Discussion Items

• Introduction – My Background and Why I’m Interested in Space • The History of Spaceflight 101 – Understanding How Governments Got Involved in Space

• A New Space Age - Understanding the Factors that Created and Shaped NewSpace • Global Space Today and Tomorrow – What does the current Space

Landscape Look Like and What About the Near Future? • Job Search Strategies and Resources 3

Some Background on Me and My Interest in Space

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Apollo 11 – July 20, 1969

Astronaut Buzz Aldrin on the Moon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E96EPhqT-ds 5

My Perspective as a 10-Year Old

Full Moon in July 6

How Did They Do That?

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400,000 Engineers, Scientists and Technicians Made Apollo Possible

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That Was My Inspiration: I Wanted to Learn How to Do That!

High School Space Program – Project SPARC 1977

Edwards Air Force Base, California – 1983

Burt

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My Engineering Career NASA Intern Facilities Design Kennedy Space Center

Lead Engineer Configuration/Systems Integration Northrop Grumman Member of Technical Staff Payload Integration Rockwell STSD – Space Shuttle

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A Fun Aerospace Career

Landing of STS 26 at EAFB – Oct 1988

Arrival of Enterprise at JFK Airport April 2012

Northrop – Lockheed Open House – EAFB - 1991

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Flying with friends

The History of Spaceflight 101

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Spaceflight Timeline: The Beginning

NASA is formed and announces plans to launch a human into space

Sputnik, the first artificial satellite is launched by the Soviet Union

Oct 1957

Jan 1958

Explorer 1, the first US satellite is launched into orbit

Oct 1958

Alan Shepard becomes America’s first man in space

April 1961

The Soviet Union’s Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space

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May 1961

May 1961

President Kennedy sets the goal of landing men on the moon

Why Go To Space?

Scientific Advancement We want to understand nature and how the universe works

Curiosity We want to know what’s over the horizon

Need to Explore Humanity has an innate desire to explore

Need to Build Things We want to leave a legacy for the next generation

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Why Go to Space? (2) • The initial reasons had a lot to do with curiosity and the need to explore • Jules Verne’s 1865 novel “From the Earth to the Moon” had an enormous impact on popular culture and excited the people about traveling into space • As science and rocket technology advanced, an idea was formed in 1952, by the International Council of Scientific Unions to foster scientific discovery • They named the undertaking the International Geophysical Year (IGY) and set the duration of the year from 1 July 1957 to 31 Dec 1958. • The IGY was embraced by 67 countries including the US and USSR and they adopted a resolution calling for artificial satellites to be launched during the period to map the earth’s surface

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Why Go to Space? The Cold War as Context • Post WWII the US and the Soviet Union entered into an era of intense mutual distrust and enmity called The Cold War

• It was a clash of very different beliefs and ideology – capitalism versus communism – each side holding strong convictions. It became an East versus West competition. • Soon on both sides the quest to develop ballistic missiles had a military and national security mandate

Korolev

• The two men who would play pivotal roles had been inspired by Jules Verne and they dreamed of space travel. But first, they were designing ballistic missiles for their nations: o Sergei Korolev (Soviet Union – The R-7 Rocket) o Wernher von Braun (US – the Redstone Rocket) • Korolev used the R-7, the world’s first intercontinental ballistic missile, to launch Sputnik, and von Braun used the Redstone, an intermediate ballistic missile to launch Explorer I

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Von Braun

Space Spectaculars Influence the Decision Makers WHY SPEND BILLIONS OF DOLLARS ON SPACE? • The Soviet firsts in space created a huge propaganda boost during the Cold War and Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev exploited that lead using the huge lifting ability of the R-7 and continually topped the US space efforts with what became known as “Space Spectaculars,” including the first man in space • First President Eisenhower, then President Kennedy had to respond, or fall behind the east-west battle for the hearts and minds of non-aligned countries . . .

RESULTING IN A SPACE RACE

• President Kennedy’s decision to the go to the moon was not born out of the need to explore; it was the result of politics and prestige during the Cold War

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Spaceflight Timeline: The Race to the Moon

First soft landings on the moon – Luna (Feb) & Surveyor (June)

1966

First flight of the Saturn V Moon Rocket

April 1967

First flight of the Soyuz spacecraft

First flight of Soviet N-1 Moon Rocket – all four tests failed

Nov 1967

Oct 1968

Apollo 7, first flight of the new spacecraft

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Feb 1969

The US started to take the lead with Gemini program, March 1965

July 1969

Apollo 11, the first lunar landing

Project Apollo in a Snapshot • Period of Operation: 1961 – 1972 (program extended to 1975 if Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz Test Project are counted) • Number of Crewed Missions: Eleven, with six lunar landings and one aborted mission (Apollo 13) • Number of Moon Walkers: Twelve

• Hardware: Saturn 1B, Saturn V, Apollo Command/Service Module and Lunar Module • Moon Samples: 841 lbs (400 kg) • Cost: $24 Billion - $140 Billion in today’s dollars • Involvement: 400,000 people and 20,000 companies/universities

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Space 1970s: After the Moon Race After the moon race, both the US ($24 billion) and the Soviet Union ($5 to $10 billion) aimed to reduce the cost of their space programs.

The Soviet Union expanded use of the Soyuz spacecraft and created the Salyut space station program (1971 – 1986) The Nixon Administration cut NASA’s budget but approved the Space Shuttle Program in a effort to reduce the cost of space travel (April 1972) Apollo missions 18, 19 and 20 were cancelled and NASA used Apollo hardware for the Skylab program (1973 – 1974) Détente and easing of the Cold War led to the ApolloSoyuz Test Project (ASTP) and the first joint space mission (July 1975)

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The Space Shuttle’s Origins: Why the Need? • Late 1960’s and early 1970’s, NASA leadership is exploring options for a post-Apollo space program • NASA had grand ambitions; with orbiting space stations, missions to Mars and nuclear powered spacecraft • The agency’s ambitions ran directly into political and financial realities

George Mueller, Associate Administrator for Manned Spaceflight

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With the successful moon landings, it was the end of the first era of human spaceflight

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The Nixon administration and Congress supported a human space flight program; they just wanted a far less expensive version

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NASA leadership opted for a reusable space transportation system . . . “No law says space must be expensive“

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Goal - Lower the costs of getting into space ($100 per pound)

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The Space Transportation System • (2) Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB) – Reusable • External Tank (ET) • Orbiter – Reusable

It took nine years to overcome the many technical challenges and get the Shuttle launched, longer than it took to achieve the first moon landing

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Spaceflight Timeline: The Emergence of Global Space Programs

China launches its first satellite, on a Long March 1 Rocket,

France launches its first satellite, on a Diamant A Rocket

Nov 1965

Feb 1970

Japan's Lambda 4 (L-4) Rocket launches a test satellite

Apr 1970

Ariane Rocket, Europe's first launch vehicle, has a 1st flight

Oct 1971

The UK launches a satellite on a Black Arrow Rocket

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Dec 1979

July 1980

India launches a satellite with its SLV3 Rocket

Spaceflight Timeline: The 1980s . . . Leading to a Permanent Presence

The Mir Space Station is placed into orbit

First flight of the Space Shuttle

Apr 1981

Jan 1986

Feb 1986

President Reagan announces Space Station Freedom (becomes ISS)

The Soviet Union tests the Buran Space Shuttle

Sept 1988

Israel launches a satellite on a Shavit Rocket

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Nov 1988

The Space Shuttle Legacy Columbia STS 107 Accident 1 February 2003

• Following the Columbia accident in 2003, the second fatal shuttle tragedy, the decision was made to retire the Space Shuttle as soon as the International Space Station assembly was completed The space shuttle Atlantis glides down the runway at Kennedy Space Center after an early morning landing 21 July, 2011 . . . The final flight of the space shuttle era.

The Record • • • • • •

30 years of operation 135 flights 1,300 days in space 530 million miles traveled 3 million pounds delivered to orbit 70% of the 550 people who have flown into space flew on the shuttle

• The shuttle program ended with the final flight of Atlantis in July 2011 • Although the Shuttle was a remarkable flying machine—rocket, spacecraft, and glider all in one—it never lived up to the goals of an airline type of operation with low operating costs •

The original cost estimates were based on turnarounds of two weeks and the economies of scale of 55 flights per year

• Its complexity and reusability required a massive support infrastructure of facilities and people to keep it flying safely • It never achieved more than nine flights in a year (1985) • The entire Shuttle program (including R & D) cost $174 billion, averaging almost $1.3 billion per flight 25

A New Space Age Emerges

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The Challenge of Spaceflight: Earth’s Gravity Well

“The most expensive 100 miles in the universe are the ones between the ground and Low Earth Orbit (LEO)”

Even after hundreds of billions of dollars invested in the development of rocket technology, getting one pound into LEO is about $10,000

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1990s to 2000s: A New Space Age Emerges Ansari X Prize, to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft twice within 2 weeks is announced

X-Prize

May 1996

International Space Station – First module launched

ISS

Nov 1998 January

SpaceX is formed, a privately funded rocket company with the goal of reducing launch costs

SpaceX

June 2002

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China’s First Human Spaceflight on in the Shenzhou 5 Spacecraft

Shenzhou 5

Oct 2003

SpaceShipOne, designed by Burt Rutan and funded by Paul Allen wins the $10 million X Prize

SpaceShipOne

Oct 2004

What is NewSpace? NewSpace, sometimes called Space 2.0 or alt.space, is a term that surfaced in the 1990s to refer to a new business model in conducting space activity Legacy Aerospace

Pricing Customers

Cost-Plus Government

Funding

Federal Programs (Taxpayer Funded) Existing

Markets

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NewSpace

Fixed Price Consumers, Corporations and Government Agencies Owners, Angel Investors or Venture Capital New Markets with New Technologies

The 1990s: What Created the Conditions for NewSpace? New Economy: Shift from Manufacturing to Service Based IT

Computers Become Common at Home & Workplace

Demand For Launch Services

Dot-coms

Government Space Programs: Stuck in LEO

Internet

Legacy Aerospace Companies: Incremental Innovation

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New Breed of Entrepreneurs

The Ansari X Prize • Created by Peter Diamandis in May 1996 and initially called just the "X Prize“ • Modeled after the “Orteig” Prize in 1919 awarding $25,000 to the first aviator to cross the Atlantic

• Goal: Build a spacecraft that would carry 3 people to an altitude of 62 miles (100 kilometers) and repeat it again within 2 weeks; no government funding allowed • Prize: $10 million • Objective: Incentivize the creation of a safe, reliable, reusable, privately-financed manned space ship to demonstrate that private space travel is commercially viable • Time-Line: The competition launched in May 1996 and was awarded on October 4, 2004. Altogether, 26 teams from 7 nations competed for the prize. • Winner: The $10 million prize purse was awarded to the Mojave Aerospace Ventures team, led by famed aerospace designer Burt Rutan and his company Scaled Composites, with financial backing from Paul Allen.

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The Ansari X Prize – 26 Teams • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Acceleration Engineering Advent Launch Services ARCA Armadillo Aerospace American Astronautics Corporation (AERA) Bristol Spaceplanes Limited Canadian Arrow The da Vinci Project Pablo de Leon & Associates Flight Exploration Fundamental Technology Systems High Altitude Research Corporation IL Aerospace Technologies

• Interorbital Systems • Kelly Space and Technology • Lone Star Space Access Corporation • Micro-Space, Inc. • Len Cormier's PanAero, Inc. • Pioneer Rocketplane • Scaled Composites' Tier One project — Winning Team • Space Transport Corporation • Starchaser Industries • Suborbital Corporation • TGV Rockets • Vanguard Spacecraft • Whalen Aeronautics Inc.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbNAvhcoIRQ

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The “X” Prize Effect New Technologies and New Approaches Space Entrepreneurs and New Space Companies

NASA’s New Approach to Space and Funding

The Space Paradigm Shifts

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NASA’s COTS Program • With the decision to end the shuttle program, Mike Griffin the NASA Administrator in 2005, he challenged U.S. private industry to develop cargo and eventually crew space transportation capabilities that could meet the needs of ISS • This was expanded under the Obama Administration • NASA’s traditional approach was to create government owned and operated systems, working in a government/contractor relationship with industry. • To help stimulate commercial spaceflight, the Commercial Crew & Cargo Program employs a different strategy where industry creates privately owned and operated space transportation systems, with NASA serving as a lead investor and customer of transportation services.

https://www.nasa.gov/commercial-orbital-transportation-services-cots

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Key NewSpace Entrepreneurs • A privately-funded aerospace and spaceflight services company set up by Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos in 2000

• Goal to dramatically lower cost and increase reliability of spaceflight • Blue Origin is developing a variety of technologies, with a focus on rocket-powered Vertical Takeoff and Vertical Landing (VTVL) vehicles for access to suborbital and orbital space.

Jeff Bezos

• The New Shepard booster, which first flew in 2015, has made four flights, each time exceeding 330,000 feet in altitude, before returning for successful soft landings • The first crewed test flights are planned to take place in 2017/2018 •

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Elon Musk

Richard Branson

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Founded in 2002 by Elon Musk, SpaceX, is an aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company with the goal of creating the technologies to reduce space transportation costs and enable the colonization of Mars SpaceX has developed the Falcon 1 and Falcon 9 launch vehicles, the Dragon spacecraft and the Falcon 9 launch vehicle SpaceX's achievements include the first privately funded, liquid-propellant rocket (Falcon 1) to reach orbit, in 2008; the first privately funded company to successfully launch, orbit and recover a spacecraft (Dragon) in 2010; and the first private company to send a spacecraft (Dragon) to the ISS SpaceX began a reusable launch system technology development program in 2011 and, in December 2015, successfully returned a first stage back to a landing pad (6x to date)

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Founded by Sir Richard Branson in 2004. Virgin Galactic is a spaceflight company within the Virgin Group.

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They are developing commercial spacecraft (SpaceShipTwo) and aim to provide suborbital spaceflights to space tourists, suborbital launches for space science missions, and orbital launches of small satellites.

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Longer term, they intend to provide orbital human spaceflights with the LauncherOne vehicle

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About 700 people have put down deposits for the suborbital flights on SpaceShipTwo

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No firm dates have been set, as a crash in 2014 set the program back

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The SpaceX Approach Low Cost

“You know, Ford didn’t invent the internal combustion engine. But he found out how to make one at low cost.” Elon Musk

Overhead Engine

That is the model he used to create SpaceX. He identified “five major drivers of launch vehicle costs.

Structure Avionics 8

Launch Operations

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Overhead

Lean Operation

Engine

Streamlined

Structure

2 Stage Rocket - Simplicity

Avionics

Simplicity

Launch Operations

Lean Operation

A Glimpse of the Future

SpaceX https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPGUQySBikQ Blue Origin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU3J-jKb75g

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SpaceX – Shaking Things Up

“Six to nine months ago many in Europe thought Elon Musk was just hot air, even among the big shots in the space industry. But he showed he was able to do it, to potentially reuse rockets one day. He’s clearly shaking things up”

Jean-Yves Le Gall, head of CNES, the French space agency June 10, 2016

8/21/2016

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Global Space and NewSpace Today: And What is Coming Next

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Global Space Programs Today– Snapshot Thirteen National Space Programs have satellite launch capability

As of 2015, approximately 70 different government space programs were in existence: • Operate satellites • Operate experiments • Maintain an astronaut corps

Only three nations have ever launched humans (Russia/Soviet Union, US and China)

550+ citizens of Earth, from approximately 40 countries, have traveled into space

Total annual spending on space is approximately $42 billion (US accounts for approximately $18 billion)

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Long-term Global Space Plans China – 1) Robotic missions to Mars; 2) Space Station completed by 2024; 3) Human moon landing in 2036 India – 1) Interplanetary robotic missions; 2) Home-grown GPS; 3) Reusable space craft

Russia – Federal Space Program 10-year plan: 1) Soyuz and Angara rockets; 2) New Spaceport in the Russian Far East; 3) Commercial Satellites; 4) Robotic Lunar Probes ($20 billion 10 year plan) Europe - $10 Billion Euro Investment 1) Ariane 5 and New Ariane 6: 2) Multipurpose Crew Vehicle – Sierra Nevada’s Dreamchaser ; 3) Reusable rockets – long-term; 4) Moon Village by 2030

Japan -1) Moon rover; 2) Capsule or space plane by mid 2020s;

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Planned US Spacecraft

Boeing CST-100 Starliner First crewed flight in 2018? (Commercial)

SpaceX Dragon First crewed flight in 2017? (Commercial)

Lockheed Martin Orion First crewed flight in 2021? (Government – NASA)

The Boeing CST and the Dragon will be used to ferry astronauts to low Earth orbit (LEO). The Orion is designed for deep-space, including missions to the moon, Mars and asteroids. All are designed to be reusable.

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NASA’s New Launch System The Space Launch System (SLS) Initial Lift Capability - 150,000 lbs More than Double any Operational Vehicle Today – First launch scheduled for 2018? Propulsion Two Solid Rocket Boosters, 1 J-2X engine for the upper stage and 4 RS-25 engines (SSME) on the core booster Evolved Lift Capability - 280,000 lbs More than Any Past, Present, or Future Vehicle Propulsion Two Advanced Solid Rocket Boosters, 2 J2X engines for the upper stage and 4 RS-25 engines (SSME) on the core booster

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Job Outlook and Job Search

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Do You Want to Work in Space?

“No, I’m from Iowa. I only work in outer space.” Admiral James T. Kirk Star Trek: The Voyage Home

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The Future of Space and NewSpace: The Key Criteria

Cost • • • • •

Space X Falcon 9 - $65 Million Delta IV Heavy - $300+ Million Atlas V - $100 Million Delta II - $164 Million Ariane 5 - $137 Million

Reliability • Is there a high degree of probability that your rocket will successfully deliver the payload? 46

Safety • Is there a high degree of probability that the astronauts/passengers will be safe?

The Future of Space and NewSpace?? •

Launch market expected to grow from $6 billion today to $8.5 billion in 2023

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The space industry will continue to become more blended: Government and Private Sector collaboration

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Legacy aerospace companies will play catch-up with NewSpace companies . . . They will adapt and survive

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More countries will get involved with space programs of varying sizes

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NewSpace companies will continue to emerge as needs change

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Space will open-up to non professional astronauts – 750+ humans fly into space by 2030

European Space Workforce

• European space industry employment increased by 2,051 workers, including those from newly-added companies, reaching 38,233 employees in 2014 • This is an increase of 5.7% from the 36,182 employees in 2013 • Nearly 85% of these employees come from five nations: France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Spain. • Demographic Breakdowns: within the European space industry workforce have remained steady in recent years, with women, workers under 35 years old, and workers over 54 years old each making up approximately 20% of the workforce. • Note, the ESA has a surprisingly low number of young professionals, as only 4.4% of its workforce is under 35 Source: The Space Report 48

Workforce Trends • The space workforce has largely continued trends from previous years, with the United States civil workforce declining for the seventh year in a row, reaching a new ten-year low in 2013, while Europe continued its steady growth. • The global space industry maintained its long-term growth trend in 2014, expanding by 9% from 2013. The combined total for commercial revenues and government budgets was $329.50 billion in 2014, up from $302.20 billion in 2013 and almost double from 2005 • Private companies represent 76% of the space economy Source: The Space Report 49

Required Competencies For Engineers in NewSpace Multiple Languages A big advantage in a global engineering environment

Technical Excellence The ability to perform the technical tasks of the position at a high level

Business Skills Ability to understand the business and how it relates and impacts the technical side of the company

Communication Skills Visionary

Ability to communicate both orally and verbally, public speaking and synthesize and report information

Ability to look beyond today and imagine new scenarios

Creativity and Innovation

Positive Thinker and Decision Maker Display confidence in yourself in confronting challenges and be willing to make decisions at the right time

Ability to see things in a different way and suggest new approaches

Critical Thinker Interpersonal Skills

Ability to analyze and assess an issue or problem and in a reasoned approach develop solutions

Getting along and working with people in a multicultural environment 50

How You Can Become More Innovative Exercise Your Mind Beyond the Technical

Never Say:

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We’ve always done it that way!”

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Read

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Take an art, photography, music or creative writing class

“It will never work.” “I don’t know how to do that.”

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Never Think You Know it All!

Learn About Everything

Look for “Trends and Opportunities” – Understand the business

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The best innovators are the biggest learners

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Think like a beginner – ask questions

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Creativity is about connecting things that don’t always make sense

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Surround yourself with non-experts

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Constantly think about how you could be doing things better

Source - 5 Ways Successful People Become More Innovative Everyday 51

Job Search Strategies in the NewSpace Age Standout in the Crowd

Target Your Search

• What are your special skills and talents?

• Conduct research on industries and companies that interest you.

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What are your significant achievements?

• How can your skills help the company?

• Align your interests with the company mission and products

Seal the Deal • Do your homework - know the company and its products • Practice your interviewing skills • Thanks You & Follow-up

Getting the Job Know Yourself

Develop Your Brand

Find the Opportunities

• What do you like to do? • What kind of work do you want to do? • Where do you want to work?

• Develop your two-minute pitch.

• Campus Career Services, On-Campus Recruiting, Online Job-Boards, Company Websites,

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Use Targeted Resumes and Cover Letters.

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Use social networking like LinkedIn, Facebook, etc. 52

• Professional Associations (IEEE AESS), Social Networks and Personal Connections

The Elephant in the Room: Getting a Space Job in other Countries Fact: Government Jobs in the Space Industry Require Citizenship Fact: Even many private sector positions also require citizenship, or permanent resident status or special visas So how do I get a job in the space industry if my country does not have a space program? Perseverance – It will take time: Create a long-range plan Relocation – Immigration Laws Vary as well as company rules . . . Research the county and companies you are targeting Study Abroad – Get an advanced degree in the country you are targeting Global Companies – Target companies that have multiple international locations . . . Provides you with an opportunity to work on other countries Build Your Credentials – You don’t have to start out at a space company. Gain experience where you can . . . Make it part of your long-rang plans Have Something Special to Offer a Company – Develop special skills and expertise to put you in demand . . . Use Your Network – IEEE connections (and others) 53

Space Employment Resources TIP – Set Up A Google Alert to stay informed:

• List of Government Space Agencies • List of Aerospace Companies (From A to Z) • List of NewSpace Companies (Appendix) • • • • • • • • •

IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Society Aviation Week & Space Technology Aerospace Mall Aerospace Industries Association Space.com Aerospace and Defense Industries Association of Europe Space Foundation Space Frontier Foundation Spacenews.com 54

References and Reading List • Flight: My Life in Mission Control – by Christopher Kraft • Steve Jobs - by Walter Issacson • SpaceX: Making Commercial Spaceflight A Reality- by Erik Seedhouse • Rocketeers: How a Visionary Band of Business Leaders, Engineers

and Pilots is Boldly Privatizing Space - by Michael Belfiore • SpaceShipOne: An Illustrated History – by Dan Linehan • Von Braun: Dreamer of Space/Engineer of War – by Michael Neufeld

• Korolev: How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat America to the Moon – by James Harford

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If You Would Like a Copy of This Presentation or if You Have Questions

Send an Email to: [email protected]

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Best Wishes for a Rewarding and Successful Career

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Appendix – NewSpace Companies

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NewSpace Companies Altius Space Machines

Altius is a start-up hardware space robotics company focusing on technology areas such as Space Vehicle Robotics, ISS Utilization Robotics and Orbital Logistics.

Astrobotic Technology

Astrobotic Technology flies hardware systems into space for companies, governments, and universities

B612 Foundation

B612 is an organization that works towards protection of Earth from asteroid impacts a reality, and to inform decisionmaking on planetary defense issues.

Bigelow Aerospace

We seek to assist human exploration and the discovery of beneficial resources, whether in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), on the moon, in deep space or on Mars.

Blue Origin

A privately-funded aerospace manufacturer and spaceflight services company set up by Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos. The company is developing technologies to enable private human access to space with the goal to dramatically lower cost and increase reliability.

Booster Space Industries

BOOSTER’s vision is to enable a commercially robust spaceflight market. Towards this objective, they are developing an economically viable space transportation platform that can be utilized by both passengers and industry.

Copenhagen Suborbitals

Copenhagen Suborbitals is a non-profit, open project, amateur based space endeavour, funded entirely by private sponsors and donors; working towards launching a human being into space, and bringing him/her safely back to earth.

Cosmica Spacelines

Cosmica Spacelines is building a future of unique experiences, changed perspectives and boundless potential.

Clyde Space/

An award winning SME with a key focus on the design and manufacture of hardware for CubeSats, small satellites, nanosatellites. Clyde Space supports missions at all levels; from conceptual design, development, integration, testing, through to launch and on-orbit operations.

D-Orbit

D-Orbit is a first-mover in the market of decommissioning devices and a disruptor in next-generation commissioning solutions. We are leading the future in satellite fleet management by developing state-of-the-art technology to be integrated on satellites and launcher stages to streamline the initial and the final phase of the mission, reducing system complexity and cost of operation, and increasing lifetime, reliability, and revenues.

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NewSpace Companies (2) Deep Space Industries

Deep Space Industries is an Asteroid Mining company, developing the technologies to find, harvest, and supply the asteroid resources that will transform the space economy.

Digital Solid State Propulsion

Digital Solid State Propulsion, Inc. is a Nevada based business founded in October 2005 to commercialize green, safe, solid energetic materials.

Earth2Orbit

Earth2Orbit (E2O) is the India’s first private space start-up exploring opportunities with new launch vehicles, affordable small satellites, and taking initial steps to realize "out there" frontiers of space-based power generation and extraterrestrial mining.

Effective Space Solutions

Providing satellite operators with life-extension and other in-orbit services. Deploying and operating a fleet of small spacecraft with a universal docking system.

Exos Aerospace

EXOS has led the way to some of the most impressive private, commercial, reusable rockets designs and concepts in the world today. They have developed, flown and retrieved for re-use, rockets that are reliable, reusable, better for the environment and easier on your budget.

Final Frontier Design

A private design firm crafting aerospace safety garments for the future of space travel.

Firefly Space Systems

Firefly was created for one simple reason: provide low-cost, high-performance space launch capability for the underserved small satellite market, where secondary-payload launches are often the only option.

Galactic Suite Design

GALACTIC SUITE GROUP is a Barcelona based company, which creates opportunities around technology and people to promote a private access to Space. Founded in 2007 by Xavier Claramunt, the company creates and promotes cutting-edge concepts to foster alliances and help creating relationships among companies and research centers.

Garvey Spacecraft

A small aerospace R&D company focusing on cost-effective development of advanced space technologies and launch vehicle systems

Generation Orbit

Generation Orbit is changing the future of space launch and hypersonic flight. At GO (we pronounce our name “go”), we believe that flying higher and faster are technical challenges worthy of the space generation. We are a passionate company of inventors, creators, and builders with near term goals and long-term dreams for space and atmospheric flight.

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NewSpace Companies (3) GomSpace

GomSpace can offer a full mission solution, based on our port-folio of subsystems and extensive know-how

Made In Space

Founded in 2010 with the goal of enabling humanity’s future in space, Made In Space, Inc. has developed additive manufacturing technology for use in the space environment. By manufacturing space assets in space, as opposed to launching them from Earth, the company plans to accelerate and broaden space development while also providing unprecedented access for people on Earth to use in-space capabilities.

Masten Space Systems

Founded in 2004, Masten Space Systems has been committed to rapid reusability for over a decade. This demonstrated reusability enables us to reliably and safely test new technologies aboard our rocket-powered landers.

Mars One

Mars One is a not for profit foundation with the goal of establishing a permanent human settlement on Mars. To prepare for this settlement the first unmanned mission is scheduled to depart in 2020. Crews will depart for their oneway journey to Mars starting in 2026; subsequent crews will depart every 26 months after the initial crew has left for Mars.

Moon Express

A privately held early stage company formed by a group of Silicon Valley and space entrepreneurs, with the goal of winning the Google Lunar X Prize, and ultimately mining the Moon for natural resources of economic value.

Nano Racks

NanoRacks is committed to helping stimulate the market demand across all orbiting platforms by creating a commercial climate conducive to allowing new users, from students to researchers, from government space agencies to individuals, to conduct research, design experiments, tinker, make mistakes, and maybe realize wonderful breakthroughs in low-earth orbit and beyond.

NovaWurks

NovaWurks believes that everyone should have access to the latest tools for the exploration and understanding of our planet, and the surrounding universe. Our platform enables colleges and universities, commercial ventures and agencies to envision and deploy affordable spacecraft built around their own payloads. For the first time, space is for Everyone!

Planet IQ

PlanetiQ represents a new model of collaboration between public and private stakeholders, one that leverages private funds to augment government systems with commercial data at a lower cost and with less technical and financial risk, in order to sustain and increase collection of the environmental data required for accurate forecasts and informed decisions.

Planet Labs

Planet is designing, building and launching satellites faster than any company or government in history. We use commodity consumer electronics to build highly capable satellites at drastically lower costs. With the most advanced satellites launching into orbit every 3-4 months, our capabilities are on the cutting edge and always advancing.

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NewSpace Companies (4) Planetary Resources

We are an interdisciplinary team working together to develop a new generation of spacecraft. Design, prototyping, build, test, environmental test, assembly and operations…all under one roof. By vertically integrating our process we are able to achieve building 90% of our systems entirely in-house, leveraging a tightly-integrated design process and providing more capability with a smaller team.

PLD Space

PLD Space is a European startup that is developing space technologies to provide suborbital and orbital commercial launch services, dedicated to small payloads and nanosatellites.

Pocket Spacecraft

We’re a global team of scientists, engineers and designers that have worked on this concept at some of the world’s leading universities and come together to kick start the personal interplanetary space age and give you the opportunity to become a hands on citizen space explorer.

Roccor

ROCCOR was established in 2011 with the mission of providing low-cost, high performance deployable structure systems to spacecraft and terrestrial commercial markets. Our particular focus is on deployable structure systems utilizing elastically stowed and deployed fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite structural elements. Our competitive advantage includes novel designs addressing the limitations (both performance and cost) that have previously plagued these systems.

Satellogic

Satellogic will democratize access to space-based services by dramatically reducing the barriers to obtain real-time satellite data, creating a new layer of world-wide awareness. Monitoring changes in real time on a planetary scale will transform our relationship with the planet, and help us tackle the most pressing challenges.

Scaled Composites

Founded in 1982 by Burt Rutan, scaled has broad experience in air vehicle design, tooling and manufacturing, specialty composite structure design, analysis and fabrication, and developmental flight tests of air and space vehicles.

Sierra Nevada Corporation

Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) is a privately held, advanced technology company headquartered in Sparks, Nevada. SNC provides customer-focused innovative solutions in the areas of aerospace, aviation, electronics, and systems integration.

SpaceX

SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft. The company was founded in 2002 to revolutionize space technology, with the ultimate goal of enabling people to live on other planets.

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NewSpace Companies (5) Spaceflight

Spaceflight is a next-generation, integrated space services and solutions company that is fundamentally changing how small satellites are built, launched and operated to improve access to space and enable persistent global awareness.

Space Ground Amalgam

SpaceGroundAmalgam, LLC provides management and space systems consulting services focused on strategy & new market creation, business & technology architectures, change management and leadership development to customers in the space, defense, intelligence and commercial marketplaces.

Swiss Space Systems

Swiss Space Systems - S3 is shaping the future of commercial space and academic space research. Our vision is to be the world leader in in-orbit delivery of small satellites.

Space Pharma

SpacePharma’s mission is to become a world leader in providing simplified and valuable, end-toend microgravity services and solutions for research.

Terminal Velocity Aerospace

Terminal Velocity Aerospace (TVA) is developing a line of small hypersonic flight products, unmanned orbital reentry capsules, and heat shield technologies to support future space flight research and sample return applications.

The Spaceship Company

At our roots was our Founder, Richard Branson’s long held desire to experience space for himself and a belief that millions of others shared that dream. He also recognized the huge demand for affordable, safe and regular access to space, unsatisfied by legacy providers and technologies, presented an opportunity for private sector investment and innovation, and carried the potential to drive lasting, positive change.

UP Aerospace

UP Aerospace is a space launch and flight test service provider incorporated in 2004 by founder Jerry Larson to offer world class access to space. We specialize in advanced engineering, launch technology development, and state-ofthe-art rapid and low cost launch operations.

Virgin Galactic

Our purpose is to become the spaceline for Earth; democratizing access to space for the benefit of life on Earth.

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NewSpace Companies (6) Vulcan Aerospace

Vulcan Aerospace is a division of Vulcan Inc., committed to developing ground-breaking technology while remaining disciplined and cognizant of lessons from the past. Much like the evolution of the integrated circuit chip evolved from a mainframe into a mobile device - altering the course of human history - Vulcan Aerospace believes offering convenient, affordable access to space will have a similar effect on the global economy.

XCOR

XCOR Aerospace is a spacecraft and rocket engineering company based in Mojave, California. We are currently in the process of expanding our corporate and R&D headquarters to Midland, Texas. XCOR Aerospace has pioneered rapid development of long-life, reusable rocket engines for human transport applications for more than a decade, and employs around 100 people worldwide.

Zero Gravity Corporation

Zero Gravity Corporation is a privately held space entertainment and tourism company whose mission is to make the excitement and adventure of space accessible to the public. The experience offered by ZERO-G is the only commercial opportunity on Earth for individuals to experience true "weightlessness" without going to space. ZERO-G's attention to detail, excellent service and quality of experience combined with its exciting history has set the foundation for exhilarating adventure based tourism.

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Government Space Agencies Vulcan Aerospace

Vulcan Aerospace is a division of Vulcan Inc., committed to developing ground-breaking technology while remaining disciplined and cognizant of lessons from the past. Much like the evolution of the integrated circuit chip evolved from a mainframe into a mobile device - altering the course of human history - Vulcan Aerospace believes offering convenient, affordable access to space will have a similar effect on the global economy.

XCOR

XCOR Aerospace is a spacecraft and rocket engineering company based in Mojave, California. We are currently in the process of expanding our corporate and R&D headquarters to Midland, Texas. XCOR Aerospace has pioneered rapid development of long-life, reusable rocket engines for human transport applications for more than a decade, and employs around 100 people worldwide.

Zero Gravity Corporation

Zero Gravity Corporation is a privately held space entertainment and tourism company whose mission is to make the excitement and adventure of space accessible to the public. The experience offered by ZERO-G is the only commercial opportunity on Earth for individuals to experience true "weightlessness" without going to space. ZERO-G's attention to detail, excellent service and quality of experience combined with its exciting history has set the foundation for exhilarating adventure based tourism.

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