The diversification of fish production with the development of bipolar fish gene conservation in Hungary

The diversification of fish production with the development of bipolar fish gene conservation in Hungary István Lehoczky1, Eszter Patakiné Várkonyi1, ...
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The diversification of fish production with the development of bipolar fish gene conservation in Hungary István Lehoczky1, Eszter Patakiné Várkonyi1, Dénes Gál2, Zsigmond Jeney2, András Rónyai2, Vilmos Józsa2, Gyula Kovács2, Katalin Szentes3, Árpád Hegyi3, Tamás Müller3, Béla Urbányi3 1Research

Centre for Farm Animal Gene Conservation, Gödöllő 2National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Szarvas 3Szent István University, Department of Aquaculture, Gödöllő

Why do we need gene conservation of farmed fish species? Why should it be bipolar?

Fotó: Sallai Zoltán

- Only Common carp and Rainbow trout are domesticated in a classical way - In case of other farmed species we just propagate and grow them, there are no existing strains - Breeding work should be started in order to reach better production parameters (classical selection methods, modern molecular genetic methods) - Nobody in Hungary possess stocks selected (with well described phenotipical and genetic characteristics) for the beginning of breeding work and can be used effectively to develop new strains and breeds

Why do we need gene conservation of farmed fish species? Why should it be bi-polar? - the populations of some farmed fish species are on the decline in their natural habitat - as a short term goal we plan to establish and maintain stocks of four species: - Tench, Crucian carp (desirable fishes for anglers) - Perch, European catfish (capable for premium quality meat production) - The two poles: Szarvas – Gödöllő - in case of any serious problem it is necessary to maintain the stock (and its reproductive products) at two different locations Fotó: www.fishingtime.hu

Fotó: www.users.atw.hu

What kind of knowledge and infrastructure do we posses to support and make successfull our efforts?

Establishment and maintainance of Common carp and Sturgeon genebanks

Common carp genebank - 50+!!! years of knowledge and experiences in breeding and maintenance of Common carp breeds in a genebank - nowadays there are twenty different strains in the collection - reproductive products from 30 strains in the Cryobank - genotyped strains - wide knowledge and experiences in restocking programs (Nasice, Poljana, Tisza and Danube rivers)

Common carp genebank - plenty of knowledge on project generation and management - internationally and locally well known experts - research with the aim of development of disease and stress resistant Common carp strain - development and application of performance testing methods

Sturgeon genebank - 7 species (4 native) - successfull propagations - partly described genetic background

Sturgeon genebank - good resource for restocking projects - can act as a basis for breeding in case of some species (ie.: sterlet)

Propagation and rearing of protected and endangered native species, development of breeding program for Brown trout.

European mud-minnow program - strictly protected in Hungary with a goodwill value of about 1000 € - listed on the IUCN red list of endangered species (vulnerable). - listed in the second annex (species of community interest) of Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - listed in the second annex (strictly protected species) of Bern convention (1979)

The Loach program

• protected species with elongated body • the method of artifical propagation was developed • was used for restocking purposes at several locations in Hungary - listed on the IUCN red list as a species of Least Concern • Natura 2000 species

Crucian carp program - the expansion of Prussian carp populations threaten the species in Hungary - there is a need for the species in waters utilized by anglers but the new regulations are restricting its catch - method of artifical propagation and larvae rearing has been developed, fish were stocked to different locations

Development of breeding program for Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) - there is a single breeding stock of the species in Lillafüred, Hungary - previously not known genetic structure, mixed origin - previously selection was based exclusively on phenotipical characteristics - aim: description of origin of each individual using molecular genetic markers and the development of breeding program based on individual identification - the original stock consisted high ratio of atlantic lineage (100% based on the mitochondrial DNA) - the most important goal is to increase the ratio of the Danubian lineage in the stock (with involvement of fish from natural waters with Danubian origin and with planned breeding based on molecular data)

Population genetic studies on farmed fish species, establishment of fish hatchery, bringing back the „fishy traditions” to the GödöllőIsaszeg pond system

- 66 hectares of state owned fish ponds - history, traditions, the ancestor of HAKI worked here - the ponds are rented by anglers and SMEs - the plan is to work together with all of them and make them interested in our project - working on a common solution for the lack of water supply - working on a common solution for high mud levels in the ponds

What has been done up to now? - the establishment of the Association for Gene Conservation of Farmed Fish Species (HONHAL) is on its way (HáGK, SZIE) - the first Crucian carp stock has been collected from natural waters and was propagated (NAIK-HAKI) - the population genetic study on Perch populations has started (NAIK-HAKI, SZIE) - first Tench stock has arrived to Gödöllő (SZIE, HáGK) - two institutions won project money in the frame of EU financed Fisheries Operation Program (HOP) for infrastructure that can be used in gene conservation (NAIK-HAKI, SZIE)

What do we plan? - collection of more Crucian carp individuals (stocks) from natural waters (SZIE, HáGK) - molecular genetic study on the Crucian carp populations of Hungary (hybrids!!) (NAIK-HAKI, SZIE, HáGK) - molecular genetic study on the Tench populations of Hungary - collection of individuals and genetic description of European catfish populations - include more species to the program (ie.: Pike pearch, Sterlet)

Thank You for Your Kind Attention !

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