International Charter Space and Major Disasters
The Charter An Introduction Francesco Sarti European Space Agency (updated 2007)
Purpose • An International agreement among Space Agencies to support with space-based data relief efforts in the event of emergencies caused by major disasters. ¾
Disaster response
¾
Multi-satellite data acquisition planning – Fast data turn-around – priority acquisition
¾
Archive retrievals and spacecraft tasking
¾
Data processing at pre-determined level
¾
Space Agency contribution in image/data
¾
Space Agency initiative for value-added-data fusion
Purpose • Serves: ¾
National civil protection, emergency & rescue organizations.
¾
Extended to UN specialized agencies through UNOOSA: – UNOSAT – UNOCHA – UNDP
• Has been activated over all continents for a variety of disasters.
Principles of the Charter
• The Charter is open to ¾ space agencies ¾ space system operators • The members participate ¾ on a voluntary basis ¾ with no exchange of funds • The members commit to ¾ make satellite resources available ¾ contribute to the Charter implementation tasks
Charter History • Following the UNISPACE III conference held in Vienna, Austria in June 1999. ¾
ESA and CNES initiated the International Charter in July 1999.
ERS-2 and ENVISAT
• CSA (Canadian Space Agency) signed the Charter on October 20, 2000. • Charter implementation by identifying and creating a number of functional units and preparing the necessary policies and plans. • Charter declared operational as of November 1, 2000 after formal rehearsals and qualification tests.
SPOT 2, 4 & 5
RADARSAT-1
• First activation of the Charter: Slovenian landslide November 11, 2000. IRS
Charter History • The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) became members in September 2001.
NOAA-12, 14, 15, 16 & 17, POES and GOES
• In July 2003, the Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE) joined the Charter. • Detailed operational procedures established and kept under document configuration control. • In 2005, the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA) joined the Charter in February, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in April as part of the US membership, the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) Consortium in November.
Landsat
SAC-C
ALOS
• In 2007, the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) joined on 24-May • One hundred and ten (121) disasters covered to date in various parts of the world.
AlSAT-1 BILSAT-1 NigeriaSat-1 UK-DMC
Membership & Resources
Radar
ERS-2, RADARSAT-1, ENVISAT, ALOS PALSAR SPOT2, SPOT4, SPOT5, IRS-1C, IRS-P6, IRSP5, CHRIS/PROBA, LANDSAT5, LANDSAT7, HYPERION, ASTER,
Optical HR/VHR
ALOS AVNIR/PRISM, BILSAT, ALSAT, NigeriaSat, UKDMC, Beijing-1, CBERS-2 Ikonos, QuickBird, GeoEye
Optical MR
MERIS, POES, GOES, SAC-C, MODIS TERRA/AQUA
Charter Member Agencies
CSA
ESA DMC
Canada NOAA USGS
USA
CNES
Europe
JAXA
Japan
France ISRO
India CONAE Argentina
Charter Functional Units • Authorized Users (AUs) • On-Duty Operator (ODO) • Emergency on-Call Officer (ECO) • Project Manager (PM) • Data processing and distribution facilities • Value-Added Resellers (VARs)
Charter Operational Loop Emergency onCall Officer (ECO)
CSA
RADARSAT-1
ESA
ERS-2 and ENVISAT
CNES On-Duty Operator (ODO)
Authorized User (AU)
Project Manager (PM)
NOAA ISRO CONAE JAXA USGS DMC
Disaster End User (EU)
Value-Added Reseller (VAR)
SPOT-1, 2, 4 & 5 NOAA-12, 14, 15, 16 & 17, POES and GOES IRS SAC-C ALOS Landsat DMC Constellation
Information Flow Civil Protection Authority
Time scale
Request Form
0
On-Duty Operator (ODO)
24h/24h
Phone, email, fax
Emergency On-Call Officer (ECO) 3hrs
Satellite Planners (PA)
Map product generation
Project Manager (PM)
days
Charter operations Emergency on-Call Officer (ECO)
On Duty Operator (ODO)
Authorized User (AU)
CNES SPOT
Project Manager (PM)
ESA CSA etc… ERS-2 RADARSAT
Charter operations Authorized Users (AU) are the only Emergency on-Call Bodies authorised to request services. Officer (ECO) They usually represent the national Civil Protection Authorities (CPA) of the partner agencies. On-Duty ESA CSA etc… Operator (ODO). Available 24h/day CNES On Duty Operator SPOT ERS-2 RADARSAT (ESA at ESRIN, Frascati Italy), (ODO) receives calls from Authorized Users requesting space data and services; Project Manager contacting the ECO within 1 hour. (PM) Emergency on - Call Officer (ECO): Available 24h/day. Analyses Authorized User (AU) requests with the Authorized Users and decides on most timely and appropriate actions according to the type of disaster, using updated procedures. ECO function rotates among partner agencies on a weekly basis.
Charter operations Project Manager (PM), designated by the Executive Secretariat according to location, type of disaster and expertise takes over during normal working hours. Conducts a predefined scenario procedure according to type of disaster.Ensures the data sent corresponds to what the user expects.
Emergency on-Call Officer (ECO)
On Duty Operator (ODO)
CNES SPOT
Project Manager (PM)
Authorized User (AU)
ESA CSA etc… ERS-2 RADARSAT
Communication Strategy http://www.disasterscharter.org/
Charter Activation Cases (disaster (disaster types) types) 2000 Earthquake Solid Earth
Landslide Volcanic eruption
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
3
1 2 1
3 2 2
5
3
2
1
2 1 1
1
2
3
3
1
1
11
8
4 5
9 1
16 2
16
3
60 8
79
10 1
11
1 1
Storm/hurricane
2007
Sub-totals
2001
17 6 8
Total
31
Ice/snow hazard W eather / Atmospheric
4
Flood/ocean wave Forest fire Drought Fog/haze Epidemic
Technological
3
Oil spill Hazardous material epidemic Total / year
2
4
1
1
1
11
15
18
21
25
25
5
121
Charter Activation Cases (regions) (regions)
Lena River, Russia
British Columbia, Canada
British Columbia, Canada
Denmark
Sweden
Germany 1,2&3 Czeck Republic 1&2 Luxembourg North Ossetia, Russia Northern France Austria 1&2 Manitoba, Slovenia Saône, & Rhône France Caucassus, Russia English Channel 1&2 Canada Lago Maggiore, IT France Switzerland Romania 1,2&3 Hungary Galicia, Spain Bulgaria Portugal North Korea Etna, IT Stromboli, IT Tehran, Iran3 USA Bingol, Turkey Morocco Algeria 1&2 Hindu Kush, Afghanistan 1&2 Al Hoceïma, Morocco Lebanon 1&2 Kashmir, Pakistan Louisiana, USA Iran 1,2&4 Kashmir, India Nepal Canary Islands, Spain Florida, USA Gonaives, Haiti China Pakistan 1&2 Assam, India Yucatan, Mexico India Gujarat, India Dominican Republic
El Salvador 1&2 Central America
Hispaniola, Haiti
Guaranda Municipe, Colombia Galeras Volcano, Colombia
Soufrière, Montserrat Grenada Island Suriname Georgetown, Guyana Venezuela
Galapagos, Ecuador
Gulf of Aden, Yemen Sudan 1&2 Ethiopia 1 Ethiopia 2&3 Somalia Nyiragongo, Congo
Kenya 1&2
Philippines 2&5
Cuddalore, India Philippines 1&3 Philippines 4 Banda Aceh, Indonesia Sri Lanka 1&2 Nias Island, Indonesia
Rarotonga, Cook Islands Bolivia
Earthquake Volcanic Eruption Landslide Flood/ocean wave Storm/hurricane Oil Spill Forest Fire Other
Bolivia 2 Bolivia-Paraguay-Argentina Argentina 4 Santa Fe, Argentina 1
Argentina 3 Patagonia, Argentina 2
Comoros Caprivi,Namibia Mozambique
Java, Indonesia 3&4 Indonesia 5
Nabire, Indonesia
Data Units Used for Various Disasters
32 4
15 13
4
8
4
21
8
29 61
9
14
11
29
20
16
2
1 1
2
2
Earthquake 143
20
8
19
8 activations
New
POES -C SAC POES LANDSAT LANDSAT ENVISAT ENVISAT ERS ERS SPOT RADARSAT RADARSAT IRS IRS SACSAC-C
15
4
3 5
10 23
Volcanic Eruption 72
17 activations
Archive
13
DMC
Data Units Used for Various Disasters
221
123 3 11 4 1 5
14
8 7 15
112
62
8 6 14
79 202
92 154
125 346
Landslide 48
200
7 194
9
2
60 activations
New
POES -C SAC POES LANDSAT LANDSAT ENVISAT ENVISAT ERS ERS SPOT RADARSAT RADARSAT IRS IRS SACSAC-C
88
137
Flood 1188
6 activations
Archive
57
DMC
19 1 20 20
10 52 62
1
1
Data Units Used for Various Disasters
14
25
45
9
49
14 28
1 4
3
8 33
13 22
3 2 5
4 4
16 16
Storm 96
61
1 9
8 activations
New
Archive
5
8
Forest Fire 147
11 activations
POES -C SAC POES LANDSAT LANDSAT ENVISAT ENVISAT ERS ERS SPOT RADARSAT RADARSAT IRS IRS SACSAC-C
5
16
DMC
3 6
3
1 50 50
Data Units Used for Various Disasters
15
19 20 5
5 20
21
20
24
3
1
1
4 1
1
24
2
2
3
1
Oil Spill 92
Hazardous Material 5
10 activations
1 activation
New
POES -C SAC POES LANDSAT LANDSAT ENVISAT ENVISAT ERS ERS SPOT RADARSAT RADARSAT IRS IRS SACSAC-C Archive
DMC
France Meuse, Jan 2002
France Meuse river flooding 31/12/01
34
Ossetia glacier, 27/09/02
Elbe floods. August 2002 Alternating Polarization Mode, IS2, HH&HV, 19 August, 11:30
New ASAR mode = improved capability for mapping flooded areas
Elbe floods. August 2002
Gard floods, 9/09/02
Preliminary Preliminaryuse useof ofEnvisat EnvisatASAR: ASAR: Icebound Iceboundship shiprescue rescuein inAntarctica Antarctica
Icebound ship rescue: Almirante Irizar icebreaker and German vessel Magdalena Oldendorff
Prestige, 17/11/02
Galapagos, oil spill, 26/01/01 On Jan 16, a major oil spill occurred near the Galapagos Islands •
• Authorised User: EC Civil Protection Unit • Project Manager: CSA • These are two images of RADARSAT which were used to monitor the spill. The spill can be seen radiating (21/01) from the western tip of San Cristobal Island and moving northwest . The top image (30/01) shows the spill moving away northward
El Salvador 2nd earthquake, 14/02/01
Rio Jiboa Valley San Vicente Volcano
Ortho-rectification SPOT done at IGN Espace
The Rio Jiboa valley blocked by huge landslides originating on both sides of the valley. The soil is made volcanic ash (powdery and unstable)
Algiers Earthquake, Algeria Rouiba Damages
SPOT THR: Reference Image: June 26, 2002
Building Change
Crisis Image: May 27, 2003
Algiers Earthquake, Algeria Boumerdes Damages
Building Change Structural Anomaly
Algiers Earthquake, Algeria Change Maps
Boumerdes Region
Changes appear in yellow
Algiers Region
Change detection maps produced using SPOT 4/5 images.
Nyirangongo eruption 21/01/02
Nyirangongo eruption 21/01/02
Validation
Not detected Good False alarm
