ESA SP-567 December 2004

Proceedings of

The 4th International Conference on Solar Power from Space SPS ‘04 Together with

The 5th International Conference on Wireless Power Transmission WPT 5 30 June - 2 July 2004 Granada, Spain Organised by ESA Co-Sponsored by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia Ciemat USEF CDTI EADS Space Transportation DLR

ii Honorary Chair Peter Glaser

Conference Chairs Wolfgang Seboldt (DLR, chair) John Mankins (NASA HQ, vice-chair) Nobuyuki Kaya (Kobe University, vice-chair)

Organising Committee Leopold Summerer Ross Henderson Andrés Gálvez

Piero Messina P. Diego C. Quintana

Scientific and Technical Programme Committee Ivan Bekey (Bekey Designs) Henry Brandhorst (Auburn Univ.) Gianclaudio Cassisa (Alenia Spazio) Patrick Collins (Azabu Univ.) Lucien Deschamps (EDF, Prospective 2100) Richard M. Dickinson (JPL) Alain Dupas (Prospective 2100) David Faiman (Ben-Gurion University) Andrés Gálvez (ESA) Iskender Gökalp (CNRS) Jerry Grey (AIAA) Jim Haines (ESA) Koichi Ijichi (USEF - METI) Hiroshi Kanai (USEF - METI) Kazuhiko Kato

Nobuyuki Kaya (Kobe Univ.) Martin Lang (ESA) Cyril Mangenot (ESA) John Mankins (NASA) Hiroshi Matsumoto (Kyoto Univ.) Masahiro Mori (JAXA) Franco Ongaro (ESA) Guy Pignolet (Univ. La Réunion) Volker Quaschning (DLR) Claus-Jürgen Reimers (ESA) Wolfgang Seboldt (DLR) Leopold Summerer (ESA) Nicolai Tolyarenko (ISU) Didier Vassaux (CNES) Nejat Veziroglu (Univ. Miami)

Publication

Proc. of “The 4 th Int. Conf. on Solar Power from Space - SPS ’04”, together with “The 5 th Int. Conf. on Wireless Power Transmission - WPT 5”, 30 June - 2 July 2004, Granada, Spain (ESA SP-567, December 2004)

Compiled by:

H. Lacoste & L. Ouwehand

Published and distributed by:

ESA Publications Division ESTEC Postbus 299 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands

Printed in:

The Netherlands

Price:

50 Euros (including CD-ROM)

ISBN No:

92-9092-878-6

ISSN No:

0379-6566 / 1609-042X

Copyright:

© 2004 European Space Agency

iii

CONTENTS Keynote Lecture Terrestrial Solar Power Plants – Current Perspectives and Long Term Visions D. Faiman

ix

Session O: SPS – Status Assessment Chairpersons: W. Seboldt & F. Ongaro Current Status of Study on Hydrogen Production with Space Solar Power Systems (SSPS) M. Mori, H. Kagawa, H. Nagayama & Y. Saito

3

Space Solar Power System for Terrestrial Power Utilities Y. Kobayashi, T. Saito, K. Ijichi & H. Kanai

11

Solar Power from Space – Validation of Options for Europe L. Summerer & F. Ongaro

17

Session 1: Space and Terrestrial/Planetary Solar Power Plants Chairpersons (1a): V. Quintana & M. Mori Chairpersons (1b): A. Dupas & S. Sasaki Earth & Space-Based Power Generation Systems – A Comparison Study M. Zerta, V. Blandow, P. Collins, J. Guillet, et al.

29

Solar Power Satellite System Configured by Formation Flying N. Takeichi, H. Ueno & M. Oda

37

Solar Power Advanced Research Knowledge (SPARK) - A Computerised Model for Solar Power Satellite Concepts D. Panzieri, M. Leccardi & G.C. Cassisa

45

Session 2: Integration of SPS into a Hydrogen Economy and SPS Economics Chairpersons: I. Gökalp & P. Collins Energy Production from Solar Power Satellites – The Hydrogen Option P. Schmidt, W. Weindorf & M. Zerta

51

Synergies between Solar Power Supply from Space and Passenger Space Travel P. Collins

59

iv

Economic Evaluation of Space Solar Power System L. Matsuoka

65

Feasibility of Commercialization of SSPS N. Sakamoto, K. Namura, K. Kawasaki, K. Kito & H. Yoshida

69

Economic Prerequisites for Space Solar Power A. Smith

75

Session 3: Large Scale Terrestrial Power Supply Scenarios (at PSA-Ciemat) Chairpersons: D. Martinez & K. Kato Terrestrial Solar Thermal Power Plants: On the Verge of Commercialization M. Romero, D. Martinez & E. Zarza

81

Solar Thermal Power Plants with Parabolic-Trough Collectors E. Zarza, L. Valenzuela & J. León

91

Concentrating on Solar Power in a Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Co-Operation F. Trieb, S. Kronshage & G. Knies

99

Session 4: Wireless Power Transmission Chairpersons: H. Matsumoto & A. Celeste Monolithic and Hybrid Integrated ZB Converter Design J. Zbitou, M. Latrach & S. Toutain

111

Phased Array Technology with Phase and Amplitude Controlled Magnetron for Microwave Power Transmission N. Shinohara & H. Matsumoto

117

Development of Highly Efficient Active Integrated Antenna T. Kimura, K. Yamamoto, T. Nakada & USEF SSPS Study Team

125

Experimental Equipments for Microwave Power Transmission in Kyoto University H. Matsumoto, K. Hashimoto, N. Shinohara & T. Mitani

131

Phase Synchronous System of Separated Units M. Tominaga, K. Morishita, T. Nakada, & USEF SSPS Study Team

139

v

Session 5: Power for Space Applications Chairpersons (a): P. George & H. Brandhorst Chairpersons (b): R. Dittmann T. Takano Proposal of a Viable Commercial Space Infrastructure Scenario Introducing Robotic Vehicles in an Earth Orbit Environment and its Interfaces to the SPS-Programme R. Dittmann & B. Sommer

147

Solar Power Satellites for Space Exploration and Applications C. Cougnet, E. Sein, A. Celeste & L. Summerer

151

Consideration of Practical and Logical Steps Towards the GEO SSPS Construction – Starting from Application of WPT for Unmanned Space Experiment Vehicle, and Beyond K. Ijichi, Y. Kobayashi & K. Hiroshi

159

An Approach for Lunar Power – 24/29 F. Little & H. Brandhorst

165

Solar Cell Development on the Moon from In-Situ Resources A. Ignatiev, A. Freundlich & C. Horton

173

Session 6: Near-term demonstrators and experiments Chairpersons (a): K. Ijichi & H. Brandhorst Chairpersons (b): L.Summerer & N. Kaya High Voltage Solar Concentrator Experiment with Implications for Future Space Missions - S6a-35 I.S. Mehdi P.J. George, M. O'Neill, R. Matson & A. Borckschmidt,

179

Advanced Receiver/Converter Experiments for Laser Wireless Power Transmission J.T. Howell, M.J. O'Neill & R.L. Fork

187

Power Beaming for Space-Based Electricity on Earth: Near-Term Experiments with Radars, Lasers and Satellites E. Hoffert, P. Soukup & M. Hoffert

195

Wireless Power Transmission Technology Development and Demonstrations F. Steinsiek, K-H. Weber, W-P. Foth, H.J. Foth & C. Schäfer

202

Benefits of International Cooperation in a Low Equatorial Orbit SPS Pilot Plant Demonstrator Project - S6b-10 H. Matsuoka & P. Collins

213

vi Tethered Solar Power Satellite for the Near-term Demonstration Experiment S. Sasaki

219

A 100 kW-Class Technology Demonstrator for Space Solar Power J. Howell, C. Carrington & G. Day

225

Rocket Experiment on Construction of Huge Transmitting Antenna for the SPS Using Furoshiki Satellite System with Robots N. Kaya, M. Iwashita, S. Nakasuka, L. Summerer & J. Mankins

231

Poster Session Experimental Research and Development on Noise Reduction

239

of 2.45GHz CW Magnetron T. Mitani, N. Shinohara, H. Matsumoto, M. Aiga & N. Kuwahara Solar Power Satellite Thermal Control Approach E. Sacchi, G. Cassisa & M. Gottero

245

Wide Band Power Rectenna with High Sensitivity Detection J. Zbitou, M. Latrach & S. Toutain

251

A Study on the Feasibility of Heat Transfer and Transport from Generator/Transmitter Combined Units of Assumed 10MW Space Solar Power System H. Ohta, H. Kawasaki, S. Toyama, M. Mori et al.

257

Simplification of a Microwave Transmission Antenna on Board by Reducing the Fed Elements T, Takano,N. Kamo & A. Sugawara

263

SPS Degradation and Environmental Impact: Effects of Extreme Background Conditions R.S. Dhillon, T.R. Robinson & T.K. Yeoman

269

Geoengineering Vision-Application for Space Solar Power B.J. Eastlund & L.M. Jenkins

275

Influences of Microwave Irradiation on Environment H. Murakami, Y. Abe, T. Iwata, I. Kudo, K. Saito & T. Okuda

281

A Preliminary Case Study for Rectenna Sites in Indonesia Y. Purwanto & P. Collins

287

List of participants

297