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TM Thank you for your purchase! Please be sure to save a copy of this document to your local computer. This activity is copyrighted by the AIMS Edu...
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Thank you for your purchase!

Please be sure to save a copy of this document to your local computer.

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Topic Cell structure

Materials For each student: Cell Mates rubber band book #19 rubber bands scissors student pages

Key Question What are some of the structures found in plant and animal cells? Learning Goals Students will: • identify some of the structures of plant and animal cells, • compare and contrast plant and animal cells, and • identify the function of some plant and animal cell structures.

For each student group: Cell Mates Match game cards Background Information All living things are made of cells. Cells are divided into two broad categories: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound structures, while eukaryotic cells do. Bacteria, algae, and other members of the Bacteria and Archaea Kingdom are prokaryotic. Plant and animal cells as well as protists and fungi are eukaryotic. All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material. Aside from those similarities, cells can vary depending on the structures (organelles) present and the function of the cell. The two main categories of eukaryotic cells are plant and animal. These cells have many structures in common including a cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and vacuoles. Plant cells contain two key structures that most animal cells do not—a cell wall and chloroplasts (in plant parts where photosynthesis occurs). This activity will provide an opportunity for students to explore the structure plant and animal cells and the function of their parts.

Guiding Documents Project 2061 Benchmarks • Materials may be composed of parts that are too small to be seen without magnification. • All living things are composed of cells, from just one to many millions, whose details usually are visible only through a microscope. Different body tissues and organs are made up of different kinds of cells. The cells in similar tissues and organs in other animals are similar to those in human beings but differ somewhat from cells found in plants. NRC Standards • Living systems at all levels of organization demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function. Important levels of organization for structure and function include cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, whole organisms, and ecosystems. • All organisms are composed of cells—the fundamental unit of life. Most organisms are single cells; other organisms, including humans, are multicellular.

Management 1. Prepare a set of Cell Mates Match game cards for each student group. Copy the cards onto card stock and laminate, if possible. 2. Student group sizes of three or four work well with the match game portion of this activity. 3. Each student will need his or her own copy of the plant and animal study prints pages and the Venn diagram page. The page of plant and animal cell structures can be shared among three students.

Science Life science cell structure Integrated Processes Observing Communicating Comparing and contrasting

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4. The Cell Mates game can be played with students selecting three cards that match (description, name, picture). However, when students are just beginning to learn the structures and functions of the cell parts, it may be beneficial to remove one of the three components so they are selecting only two cards to match. Students should play the game until they can match all three.

6. Play as many times as desired, rotating the player who begins. Connecting Learning 1. What are the structures found in animal cells? [cell membrane, vacuoles, nucleus, cytoplasm] 2. What are the structures found in plant cells? [cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm, chloroplasts] 3. What are some ways that plant and animal cells are alike? [both have cell membrane, vacuoles, and cytoplasm] 4. What are some ways that plant and animal cells are different? [Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. Animal cells are round or irregular in shape, while plant cells are rectangular.] 5. Why do you think we learned about plant and animal cell structures in different ways? 6. What are you wondering now?

Procedure 1. Ask the Key Question and state the Learning Goals. 2. Give each student a copy of the plant and animal cell study prints. Ask the students to read the rubber band book and take notes on the study print pages. 3. Discuss with the students the information contained in the book and have them share what they have recorded on their study print pages. 4. Direct a discussion and have the class describe each part of the cell’s function with one or two words. For example, the nucleus could be described as the “brain” of the cell. 5. Distribute scissors, the Venn diagram sheet, and the page of plant and animal structures. 6. Direct the students to cut apart the plant and animal cell structure pictures and place the pictures in the correct section of the Venn based on which structures are found in which kinds of cells. 7. Discuss what plant and animal cells have in common and how they are different. 8. Tell the students that they will be playing a game that will help them review what they have learned about plant and animal cells. 9. Explain the rules of Cell Mates Match. Tell them that they can use any notes or their Cell Mates rubber band book for reference while they play. 10. Distribute the cards and encourage students to play the game several times.

Extensions 1. Research other plant and animal cell structures and the functions they serve. Add those structures to the study print drawings. 2. Make three-dimensional models of plant and animal cells and label the parts.

Cell Mates Match Rules 1. Shuffle all the cards and lay them face down in a rectangular array. 2. The person with the birthday closest to today’s date goes first. 3. A player’s turn begins with turning over three cards. The goal is to match the picture of the cell structure with its name and description. If all three cards match, the player removes the cards from the game and turns over another three cards. If they do not match, the player turn them face down again. A player’s turn continues until he or she does not get a match. 4. Play continues in a clockwise direction until all of the cards are matched and removed. 5. The player with the most matched sets is the winner.

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Key Question What are some of the structures found in plant and animal cells?

Learning Goals Students will:

• identify some of the structures of plant and animal cells, • compare and contrast plant and animal cells, and • identify the function of some plant and animal cell structures.

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One way to help tell the difference between plant and animal cells is how they look. Plant cells are rectangular and box-like in their shape. Animal cells are more rounded or irregular. Everything on the Earth is made up of atoms and molecules. So what makes you different from something like a rock? You, like all living things, are made of cells. Cells are the basic unit of life.

There are many other organelles in plant and animal cells that work along with these parts. There are also different types of plant and animal cells, each with their own unique structure and function. 7

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There are two main kinds of cells—prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells have structures enclosed by a membrane. Prokaryotic cells do not. Bacteria and algae are two examples of living things that have prokaryotic cells. You, a cat, and a tree are all examples of living things made of eukaryotic cells.

Plant cells have two unique structures not found in animal cells. The first is a cell wall. The cell wall is found outside the cell membrane. It gives the plant cell support. The other unique structure is the chloroplast. Chloroplasts are the organelles in plants where photosynthesis takes place. Eukaryotic cells come in two kinds: plant and animal. Plant and animal cells have several features in common. They both have a cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and vacuoles.

• The cell membrane is like the skin of the cell. It holds everything together and controls what comes into and goes out of the cell. • The nucleus controls what the cell does, kind of like your brain controls what you do. • Cytoplasm is a jelly-like liquid that fills most of the inside of the cell. The other cell structures (called organelles) are located in the cytoplasm. • Vacuoles are used as storage spaces for the cell. They store food coming into the cell and waste materials that are leaving the cell. Vacuoles in plant cells are usually much larger than the vacuoles in animal cells.

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Describe the functions of the cell’s parts.

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Describe the functions of the cell’s parts.

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Vacuole

Cell wall



Cytoplasm

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Cell membrane



Nucleus

Cytoplasm



Cell membrane

Nucleus



Cytoplasm

Nucleus





Cell wall

Vacuole

Cell membrane





Cytoplasm

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus





Cell wall

Vacuole

Cell membrane





Cytoplasm

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus

Cell membrane

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This structure in plant cells controls all the other structures and cell activity.

This structure in animal cells controls all the other structures and cell activity.

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This is the jelly-like liquid that the organelles inside the plant cell are floating around in.

This is the jelly-like liquid that the organelles inside the animal cell are floating around in.

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This structure in plant cells controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

This structure in animal cells controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

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This structure provides a storage space for materials in the plant cell.

This structure provides a storage space for materials in the animal cell.

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This structure is found in some plant cells and some protists. This structure is where photosynthesis takes place. Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to make food from sunlight.

This is a unique structure not found in animal cells. It is the only part of a plant cell that is not living. This structure provides support for the plant cell.

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Connecting Learning

LEA RN

1. What are the structures found in animal cells?

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2. What are the structures found in plant cells?

3. What are some ways that plant and animal cells are alike? 4. What are some ways that plant and animal cells are different? 5. Why do you think we learned about plant and animal cell structures in different ways? 6. What are you wondering now? 15

© 2011 AIMS Education Foundation