Testing and Analysis methods and equipment
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Section A:
Color Testing and Analysis methods
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Section B:
Benefits of implementing Technique
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Section C:
Introduction of Testing Equipment Range
• Color is a perception. It„s based on the amount of light
reflected or transmitted by an object. • Basically, in order for us to see, or perceive color three elements must be present...
What color is this car? Each person expresses it differently.
Color Testing and Analysis Methods Introduction: The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining the color differences and color coordinates of object colors are by instrumental measurement using colorimeters or spectrophotometers. Why it is important A requirement for the use of a colorimeter to obtain accurate color measurement & measure accurate color mixing is that the combination of source, filter, and detector characteristics to duplicate accurately the combined characteristics of a CIE standard illuminant and observer.
E 313-00: Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
DIN 5033: “Colorimetry,” has nine parts and covers visual and instrumental color analysis, as well as basic color concepts and terminology
JIS Z 8722:2000: “Methods of color measurement -- Reflecting and transmitting objects,” gives specifications for measuring color using spectrophotometers and colorimeters.
ASTM E1164: “Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrophotometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation,” covers instrumental measurement requirements for spectrophotometers and colorimeters.
ISO 7724-1: “Paints and varnishes—Colorimetry—Part 1: Principles,” describes color scales and requirements for determining color values for paint films (including specifying instrument geometry).
ISO 7724-2: “Paints and varnishes—Colorimetry—Part 2: Color measurement,” describes how to determine color values for uniform paint films using a spectrophotometer or colorimeter.
ISO 7724-3: “Paints and varnishes—Colorimetry—Part 3: Calculation of color differences,” explains how to quantify small color differences between paint films using a color measuring instrument.
ASTM D1544: “Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale),” describes visual evaluation of oils and varnishes using the Gardner Color Scale.
Challenges In Visual Assessment 1. Visual color evaluation affected by a wide variety of factors, e.g., plant lighting, angle of observation, individual differences in color perception, etc. 2. Quantification of colors is not possible.
Visual color evaluation affected by a wide variety of factors
Viewing angle
Viewer
Viewer's condition
Background
Size of Object
Memory
Light source
Temperature
There are more challenges in Visual Color Assessment
Visual Color Standards
28 30
32 34
36 38
40 42
44 46
Illuminants for color measurements (from CIE) CIE Standard Illuminant A ◦ Light emitted by a perfect radiator at 2856K; intended to represent a typical tungsten lamp CIE Standard Illuminant D65 ◦ Daylight; Intended to represent daylight at a correlated color temperature of 6504K Supplementary Illuminants ◦ CIE Standard Illuminants D50, D55, D75 (Daylight illuminants at approximately 5000K, 5500K, and 7500K respectively) D50 is often used in the printing industry ◦ CIE Standard Illuminant C (Daylight illuminant for visible-light region; no UV)
100=White
L* + : Yellow
- : Green
b*
+:Red
a*
- : Blue
0=Black
Major Benefits of Implementing Color Measuring Technique
No External factors can affect Color Measurement Meeting International Standards An easy tool for Final Inspection Building Customer Confidence Store Color values for future without having physical References Can Easily recreate colors in future A proofing tool for restricting upcoming raw material & vendor Easy interpretation of color reports A best tool for R&D An Error Free System An independent QC & R&D System Reducing wastage of raw material & Finished goods Time Saving Tool Versatile Equipments
No External factors can affect Color Measurement Close Geometry eliminate External Factors to affect color measurements process
Meeting International Standards Using Instruments you can easily meet all the international QC and R&D Requirement
Final Inspection An easy tool for inspection of goods with respect to color as well as indirectly chemical analysis
Building Customer Confidence/ Reputation When Customer feel you are providing them a quality products, it will increase your reputation & confidence over customer
Easy Storage of Color You may store color values for future production without having physical References
Research & Development Color Measurement help you for R&D of your desired products in easy way
Managing upcoming raw material
A proofing tool for restricting upcoming raw material from different source (suppliers/ vender) in a straight forward procedure Easy interpretation of color reports There is no Hard & Fast Role for interpreting color, even a less educated person can easily understand color values
Versatile Equipments With single equipment (Colorimeter/ Spectrophotometer), no. of samples can measure & no. of measurement can be performed within a seconds, e.g. color, opacity, gloss, WI, YI with single equipments
Independent QC & R&D System/ Error free system As its work independently & no external factor affect the color measurement process, so it results in Independent & Error free system
Reducing wastage of raw material & Finished goods You may match color in 2 or max. 3 steps. So, it reduces wastage of time
Time Saving Tool Time is wastage
money,
it
reduces
time
Various color-measuring instruments are available for different measurement applications.
Xenon lamp
Relative spectral power distribution
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1
Light reflected from apple
Tristimulus types use 3 sensors (red, green, and blue) that closely match the sensitivity of the human eye.
Reflectance ratio computed at each wavelength interval
Relative spectral power distribution
Xenon lamp
1
Light reflected from apple
Spectral types use spectral sensors with a wavelength pitch (interval) of 10nm or 20nm.
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C, D65 illuminants only
Various illuminants
2° observer only
2°/10° observers
Tristimulus values only
Spectral reflectance
Compact; Simple operation
High accuracy
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Color difference measurements for QC & Prod.
High-accuracy absolute values for color control
User-calibration feature for close inter-instrument agreement
Research/Analysis Computer Color Matching
We offer a wide range of solutions from colorants (pigments) to Color measurements & Color Quality Control Portable Colorimeters & spectrophotometers Multiange Spectrophotometers for metallic coatings Bench tope spectrophotometers for higher end applications Gloss meters for Gloss Measurements Spectramagic NX-pro Software GTI color viewing cabinets (Light Boxes) Techmech color dispensing systems
Color Reader CR-10 is an economical, hand-held, portable colorimeter that measures the color differenc between two samples.
Results displayed in Δ(L*a*b*) or Δ(L*C*h). It has an 8/d geometry (8° illumination angle /diffuse viewing), an P8mm measurement area, Standard illuminant D65, and CIE 10° standard observer.
The CR-10 is as precise as traditional colorimeters, and can be connected to a printer for data download.
in the Munsell notation and the CR-14 for measuring colors in the Whiteness Index.
The NEW CR-400 series colorimeters are stand alone, hand-held instruments that measure samples, compare the samples to standards, display data, and store up to1000 readings. Features include large lighted LCD display; touch pad control, scrolling functions; and true tristimulus colorimetry of color.
The CR-400 series interfaces with a PC, or with Konica Minolta's DP-400 Data Processor, which is also a high-speed graphics-capable printer. Additionally, user or industry-specific indices can easily be set up in the instruments.
The CR-400 series has Pulsed xenon, d/0 degree measurement geometry,supports six languages. Two models available: CR-400 with 8mm aperture and CR-410 with 50mm aperture.
AC operation or AAA battery.
The CM-512m3 measures colors by illuminating subjects from three angles simultaneously (25°, 45° and 75°), making it suitable for subjects such as metallic/pearl coatings used for automotive exteriors or for the textured materials used for automotive interiors and allowing the changes in color according to the illumination angle to be measured.
The ring-shaped illumination ensures stable measurement without being affected by the orientation (rotational deviation) of the instrument. Measurement is stable even for curved surfaces, such as automotive components.
The graph display function enables easy color judgment even on production sites without using a personal computer.
Evaluation equation suitable for measurements of metallic/pearl coating correlates well with visual evaluation.
CM2600d is the world‟s first portable spectophotometer with simultaneous measurement of UV (included, excluded or adjusted) and gloss compensation. The CM-2600d performs fast and accurate measurements of samples with gloss differences without the need to change instrument set up or reposition the sample. In addition to simultaneous
Specular Component Included (SCI) and Specular Component Excluded (SCE) measurements, the dual aperture CM-2600d features 3mm and 8mm measurement areas, pulse xenon light sources, and 360 to 740nm wavelength range with 10nm wavelength pitch.
There is an illuminated sample viewfinder, and large 64 x 204 LCD display. When used with Minolta‟s quality control software, the CM-2600d performs operation sampling, a procedure for collecting sample data in a repetitive, methodical manner. Weighs less than 24 oz without batteries (4 “AA” batteries required).
Geometry: d/8, dual beam integrating sphere & Measuring area: 3mm and 8mm
Higher end applications
Spectrophotometer CM-3600d is equipped with Konica Minolta Innovative Optical System technology. For users, this means high accuracy and repeatability, improved performance, additional features, simple operation, and - low, affordable pricing.
Fast, simultaneous measurement of Specular Included and Specular Excluded components (SCI/SCE).
Fast, Instantaneous numerical UV adjustment enables UV-included, UVexcluded, and UV-adjusted data to be obtained simultaneously.
Full wavelength range 360-740nm with 10nm pitch. Large (6”) sphere; d/8° geometry. Reflectance and transmittance sample measurements. Changeable measurement areas (P4mm,P8mm, or P25.4mm).
View finder design for easy sample viewing. Compact and lightweight.
Spectrophotometer CM-5 is a top-port bench to spectrophotometer with innovative easy operation. Keyboard and large LCD with wizard guidance enable easy operation for anyone without the need for a separate computer.
Full range of functions for reflectance and transmittance measurements. Geometry: Reflectance: di:8", de:8" (diffuse illumination:8" viewing) SCI/SCE switchab Transmittance: di:0" , de:0" (diffuse illumination: 0" viewing)
Measuring area LAV:Ø 30mm/Ø 36mm;MAV:Ø 8mm/Ø 11mm; SAV:Ø 3mm/Ø 6mm;
Multi-Gloss 268
Multi-Gloss 268 is a compact, lightweight, easy-to-use, and fully portable instrument for measuring surface gloss.
Calibration is performed using the standard gloss plate attached inside the storage case. Measurements can then be taken quickly and easily by pressing the operate button. Also, by selecting statistics mode, the present measurement value, number of measurements, averagevalue, and difference from initial measured value can be displayed.
Minolta also offers the Uni-Gloss, featuring a single measuring angle of 60°.Geometry: 20°/60°/85° (single angle or dual angles can be selected)
From simple pass/fail evaluations to sophisticated trend analyses Konica Minolta offers SpectraMagicSMNX quality control software for all your color applications. It‟s easy to use, intuitive and compatible with all Konica Minolta colorimeters and spectrophotometers.
SpectraMagicSMNX enables you to perform comprehensive color inspection and analysis of incoming raw materials,in process production, and outbound color critical goods and materials in virtually any industry. With SpectraMagicSMNX
Measure samples in any of 8 universally accepted color spaces. Select from 15 illuminants, and up to 40 indices to determine specific color and appearance properties, such as brightness, haze, yellowness, opacity and strength. You can even configure up to 3 customized color equations. Reports range from simple
Pass/Fail to trend charts, histograms, color plots, and spectral graphs. SpectraMagicSMNX comes with predefined templates using skin technology, or you can create your own templates.
For illustrations and explanations to understanding color and color measurement technology, there is a link to Konica
We are authorized distributor of Hongpu Paint Manufacturing Co. Ltd China & we have a complete range of Paint dispensing system. H.PU has been a pioneer introducing automating colorant dispensers in the Pakistan market. This dispenser Implements advanced control technologies designed & can be interfaced to any computer via a standard RS-232 connection or software is able to import formulas from the major formula book
