StableWood New solutions and technologies for heating of buildings with low heating demand: Stable heat release and distribution from batch combustion of wood

Øyvind Skreiberg, Senior Research Scientist/Dr.ing. SINTEF Energy Research AS, Postboks 4761 Sluppen, NO 7465 Trondheim E-mail: [email protected], Phone: +47-906 59751, Fax: +47-735 92889

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House heating in Norway • • •

MW

78 % el. (Hydropower) 15 – 20 % firewood 1 % district heating

Installed effect of hydropower, wind power, gas power, wood heating and district heating

Hydro power

Wind power

Gas power

Wood combustion District heating heat heat

Ref. Energi 21 (Fornybar termisk energi – Bioenergi, arbeidsdokument, 2010)

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Norway

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Wood firing from the middle of the 1900 century

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Wood firing of today

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Change in effect needed

Old poorly insulated houses need a large effect, 10 – 15 kW

Houses built after regulations from 2000 need an effect of 3 – 8 kW

Well insulated houses of today need an effect of 1 – 6 kW

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Emissions as a function of wood combustion in kg wood/hour

The emissions increases with lower average wood consumption

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Towards stable heat release in wood stoves and fireplaces

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Expected expansion of wood log heating season in Norway due to introduction of low load wood stoves and fireplaces with a long burning time

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Management and work break down structure of the project Board and Project Management

SP1: Heat production

SP2: Heat storage

SP3: Heat distribution

SP4: Education and training

SP5: Technology monitoring and dissemination

WP1.1 Fuel properties

WP2.1 Heat storage through phase transition and phase change

WP3.1 Passive heat distribution solutions

WP4.1 Education

WP5.1 Technology monitoring

WP1.2 Batch combustion models

WP2.2 Heat storage through material choice and location

WP3.2 Active heat distribution solutions

WP4.2 Industrial seminars

WP5.2 Dissemination

WP1.3 Batch combustion process and CFD modelling

WP2.3 Heat storage through room integration

WP3.3 Heat distribution through building integration

WP1.4 Experiments and emissions

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Objectives The overall objective of this project is development of new strategies for improved heat production, storage and distribution from wood stoves and fireplaces through:  Improved combustion control by increased understanding of the batch combustion process  New heat storage solutions  New heat distribution solutions

Sub-objectives  Improved heat production concepts through improved combustion control (by increased understanding of the batch combustion process)  New or improved heat storage concepts by optimum material location and choice, including phase transition and change options, and through room integration  New or improved heat distribution concepts through optimum passive and active methods and through building integration  Education of highly skilled candidates within this area and training of industry partners  Monitoring of activities and state-of-the-art within this area and dissemination of knowledge to the industry partners, and other interested parties where applicable

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Achievements  Experimental capability and results database building  Improved modelling capability with respect to batch combustion processes (transient modelling of the combustion process, heat transfer through composite walls and CFD modelling with detailed chemical kinetics)  New/improved heat storage concepts, and modelling of these  New/improved heat distribution concepts, and combined modelling of the heat production, heat transfer, heat release to a room and detailed modelling of the heat distribution in low-energy and passive houses, analysing their thermal comfort  PhD candidate working with phase change materials for heat storage, Master and project students and industrial seminars  Competence building in the industry  Knowledge dissemination to external parties Technology for a better society

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Achievements – Selected recent publications Mette Bugge, Nils E. L. Haugen, Øyvind Skreiberg. NOx emissions from wood stoves – a CFD modeling approach. Accepted for presentation at 22nd European BC&E, 23-26 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Laurent Georges, Øyvind Skreiberg, Vojislav Novakovic (2014). On the proper integration of wood stoves in passive houses under cold climates. Energy and Buildings 72:87-95. (Co-publication with ZEB). Øyvind Skreiberg, Morten Seljeskog, Laurent Georges (2013). Transient wood-log stove modelling integrating detailed combustion physics. Oral presentation at 21st European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 3-7 June 2013, Copenhagen, Denmark. (Co-presentation with ZEB). Kolbeinn Kristjansson, Erling Næss, Øyvind Skreiberg (2013). Stable heat release and distribution from batch combustion of wood. Proceedings of 21st European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 3-7 June 2013, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 568-572. Øyvind Skreiberg, Laurent Georges, Morten Seljeskog (2013). Bioenergy opportunities in low-energy buildings The case of wood stoves. Nordic Baltic Bioenergy 2013, 21-22 May, Oslo, Norway. (Co-presentation with ZEB). Laurent Georges, Øyvind Skreiberg, Vojislav Novakovic (2013). On the proper integration of wood stoves in passive houses: investigation using detailed dynamic simulations. Energy and Buildings 59:203-213. (Copublication with ZEB). Øyvind Skreiberg, Morten Seljeskog, Edvard Karlsvik (2012). Environmental and energetic performance history and further improvement potential for wood stoves. Proceedings of 20th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 18-22 June 2012, Milan, Italy, pp. 1305-1310.

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Related activities/projects StableWood: http://www.sintef.no/stablewood (KMB, 2011-2014) StableWood PhD candidate: Stable heat release and distribution from batch combustion of wood CenBio WP3.1 Small-scale: http://www.CenBio.no/ (FME, 2009-2017) CenBio SP6 – Value chain assessments for the wood log chain ZEB dynamic and thermal comfort simulations: http://www.ZEB.no/ (FME, 2009-2017) BlackOut – Particle emission factors for wood stove firing in Norway, KLIF: http://www.klif.no/no/Aktuelt/Nyheter/2013/April-2013/Forste-steg-mot-sot-tiltak/ ACAPWOOD – "Reduction of black carbon emissions from residential wood combustion in the Arctic", KLIF VILL – Low load wood stove concept (BIP) AZEWS – Almost zero emission wood stoves (IPN, 2014-2016) EN-PME-TEST: Common European method for the determination of particulate matter emissions of solid fuel burning appliances and boilers (ERA-NET project) CEN standardisation work: CEN TC 295 (Residential solid fuel burning appliances) WG5 (Test methods) IEA Biomass Combustion and co-firing: http://www.ieabcc.nl/ EERA – European Energy Research Alliance – Stationary Bioenergy: http://www.eera-bioenergy.eu/ Various media contributions: e.g. "Nasjonal vedkveld", NRK2 15. februar, http://tv.nrk.no/serie/nasjonal-vedkveld/dvnr30003513/15-02-2013

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Acknowledgements

The financial support from the RCN funded StableWood project and the Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB) research centre is acknowledged. The StableWood project is also linked to the RCN funded Bioenergy Innovation Centre (CenBio). We also thank the StableWood industry partners.

Thank you for your attention

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