Teacher’s Guide Resources: Energy The following YouTube videos have more information on energy: Kinetic Energy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASZv3tIK56k Force and Gravity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEs9J2IQIZY Where does energy come from? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUa7I7D_myU Using Energy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1xFrYkQwik General Energy Resources The Energy Story http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/ EIA Energy Kids http://www.eia.gov/kids/ Science Daily: Matter & Energy http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/ Other links www.NEED.org www.energyville.com www.epa.gov/students/teachers.html www.myenergygateway.org www.myamericanfarm.com (interactive online learning games) http://www.partselect.com/JustForFun/Electric-Math-Numbers-Behind-Appliances.aspx/ http://www.kidsenergyzone.com

Answers for the “Energy in Water” section: Other examples of items with kinetic energy falling rock, airplane flying through the air--ie. anything that is moving. Other examples of items with potential energy rock on a cliff, pencil on a table, any type of food--anything that isn’t moving! Ways energy changes from one form to another

Any type of vehicle using fuel, plants using sunlight, any kind of appliance in use, animals or humans eating food,

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Sidebar Exercise on page 1 The bowling ball has more kinetic energy. The bowling ball on the tall table has more kinetic energy. Answers for Using Energy Stored in Water section:

Additional resources for “The Path of Power” section: More about WAPA http://ww2.wapa.gov/sites/western/Pages/default.aspx More about the Bureau of Reclamation http://www.usbr.gov The 337 reservoirs the Bureau operate have the capacity to hold 245 million acre-feet of water. An acre-foot is equivalent to a one acre area covered with one foot of water. An acre-foot contains 325,851 gallons of water. A family of four typically uses about one acre-foot of water each year. The irrigation water provided by the Bureau produces 60 percent of our nation’s vegetables and 25 percent of the fruits and nuts grown in the United States.

The Bureau of Reclamation Builds dams. These reservoirs provide recreation opportunities like fishing and boating as well as water for irrigation. Dams are used to generate electricity at hydroelectric power plants. Electricity is sold to wholesale power distributors like WAPA, who in turn sell to regional power transmission companies. TriState Generation & Transmission Association is one example. Regional power transmission companies sell to local utilities. Businesses and families buy power from these local utilities to powers their communities and homes. Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association Tri-State serves a four-state region (and has a power plant in a fifth state, Arizona). Many of the students using the Reader will live in an area served by Tri-State: http://www.tristategt.org/AboutUs/locations.cfm The illustration on the next page could be used to tell the story of hydroelectric power as it makes its way from mountain streams to families in the Western U.S. Allow students to use these illustrations as a starting point to explain the path of power from Bureau of Reclamation, WAPA and regional power transmission companies to the businesses and families who use electricity. Students could clip the illustrations apart and and paste them into their story as they like.

Additional resources on renewable and non renewable energy: http://www.kids.esdb.bg/basic.html http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/non-renewableenergy/?ar_a=1 http://www.greenmountain.com/resources/enviro-kids/renewable-energy-101

Supplemental Information: New Ways to Use Water for Power Because there is so much water on earth, scientists have been looking at other ways to use water to make electricity. In part, that’s because conventional hydropower has been so successful. Hydroelectric generation is clean and inexpensive. Electricity generated by hydroelectric power plants is some of the least expensive electricity available! Scientists have looked at the places where water moves most as potential sources for power generation. This includes tidal flats at the edges of oceans. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun and the rotation of the earth. In some areas, depending upon the shape of the shoreline, tides can vary up to 40 feet. Where the tidal range between low and high tide is at least 10 feet, tidal power can be used to generate electricity. Tidal power has several benefits. An important one is that tides are very predictable, much more so than wind or solar power. A two-way tidal generation system can generate power on both the incoming and outgoing tide. There are some drawbacks, most important of which is that it is difficult to find an appropriate site to harness tidal power. So far, there are only two commercial-sized tidal power plants in the world--one in France and another in Canada. An experimental site is operating in Russia. Other scientists are looking at the power of ocean waves. And yet others are evaluating the potential of using differences in ocean temperatures between warmer water at upper ocean levels and colder water near the ocean floor as a way to generate electricity So far, these potential ways of harnessing the power of water are still being researched. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-35040_162-57598262/powering-the-future-new-turbineto-capture-energy-from-both-wind-and-waves-slated-for-testing/ http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-35040_162-57597091/powering-the-future-underwaterturbines-harness-river-power/

Word Search answers: L + P + + Y + S + A + E G + P + T + I R N I + B + R E T L S A H W N A L N W T + E A W N E E + O + A T N S C T T Y + E E + M I O + R + + R O I T T A O B N + + S S W I M M I N G Y T I V A R G + R I O V R E S E H Y D R O + + + + + + + + + + +

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E L E C T R I C I T Y + + + +

(Over,Down,Direction) BOAT(4,10,W) ELECTRICITY(15,1,S) ENERGY(1,6,NE) FISH(11,1,SW) GENERATE(12,5,S) GRAVITY(7,12,W) HYDRO(1,14,E) IRRIGATION(14,1,SW) KINETIC(12,13,NW) PENSTOCK(3,1,SE) POTENTIAL(9,9,NW) POWER(14,2,S) POWERLINE(11,10,N) RENEWABLE(2,9,NE) RESERVOIR(9,13,W) SPILLWAY(8,1,SW) Page 8 Math Fun answers: 1. 325,851 / 4 = 81,462.75 gallons per person

2. 300 kilowatts * 1000 watts/kilowatt = 300,000 watts of power produced by the plant 300,000 watts / 300 homes = 1,000 watts of power per house 3. 6,800 megawatts / 33 = 206.06 megawatts per generator How much does it cost answers: Computer that uses 80 watts, used for 20 hours? (80 watts/1000) x 20 hours = 1.6 kWh of use 1.6 kWh x .10 cents = $.16 A 100-watt incandescent light bulb used for 150 hours in a month? (100 watts/1000) x 150 = 15 kWh 15 kWh x .10 cents = $1.50 A 27-watt compact fluorescent lamp (equivalent to a 100-watt incandescent bulb in light output) used for 150 hours in a month? (27 watts/1000) x 150 = 4.05 kWh 4.05 kWh x .10 cents = $.41