Section 23 Lead Paint Risk Factor
WALL INSULATION
HIGH TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1: INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR CONVENTIONAL HOMES.......................................... 1 WALL INSULATION REPAIR ...................................................................................................................... 1 Not allowed for this measure. .................................................................................................................... 1 WALL INSULATION RESTRICTIONS ......................................................................................................... 1 1.
DO NOT INSULATE ........................................................................................................................... 1
WALL INSULATION GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................... 4 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
PREPARATION OF HOME ................................................................................................................ 5 INDOOR PREPARATION .................................................................................................................. 5 OUTDOOR PREPARATION .............................................................................................................. 6 OUTDOOR DRILLING RESTRICTIONS ........................................................................................... 6 EQUIPMENT PREPARATION ........................................................................................................... 7
PRESSURE-FILL INSULATION REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................... 7 7. CONVENTIONAL HOME PRESSURE FILL METHODS ................................................................... 7 8. BALLOON FRAMED WALLS ............................................................................................................. 9 9. WALLS OPEN TO SUSPENDED CEILINGS..................................................................................... 9 10. CAVITIES CREATED BY FIRE BLOCKS AND BRAcing............................................................. 10 11. CAVITIES IN WALLS WITH WOOD SIDING ............................................................................... 10 12. PRESSURE FILL HOLE FILLS AND PATCHING ........................................................................ 10 14. POST-INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 11 UNFINISHED FRAMED WALLS—ABOVE GRADE ................................................................................. 12 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
FLEXIBLE & RIGID MINERAL FIBER, AND RIGID FOAM.......................................................... 12 VAPOR BARRIER ........................................................................................................................ 12 INSULATION OF SMALL CAVITIES ............................................................................................ 12 INSULATION AROUND PIPES .................................................................................................... 12 POST-INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 12
UNFINISHED WALLS—BELOW GRADE ................................................................................................. 13 20. 21.
VAPOR BARRIER ........................................................................................................................ 13 POST-INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 13
PART 2: MOBILE HOME CRITERIA ......................................................................................................... 13 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
MOBILE HOME WALL TYPES..................................................................................................... 13 MOBILE HOME PREPARATION ................................................................................................. 13 MOBILE HOME INSTALLATION METHODS .............................................................................. 15 REMOVAL OF FASTENERS ....................................................................................................... 16 INSTALLATION OF NEW BLANKET/BATT ................................................................................. 16 PRESSURE-FILL FOR LIMITED-ACCESS LOCATIONS............................................................ 17 LIMITED ACCESS PROCEDURES ............................................................................................. 18
PART 3: MULTI-FAMILY WHOLE BUILDING CRITERIA ........................................................................ 19 29.
MULTI-FAMILY INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 19
PART 4: MEASURE-SPECIFIC POST-INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................ 19 23-TOC CSD Weatherization Installation Standards © RHA 4/1/15
Wall Insulation Table of Contents
Section 23 31. 32. 33. 34.
QUALITY OF INSTALLATION - MOBILE HOMES ...................................................................... 20 CLEAN-UP REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................... 20 RETURN DWELLING TO ORIGINAL STATE – ALL HOMES ..................................................... 20 INSULATION CERTIFICATE ....................................................................................................... 21
23-TOC CSD Weatherization Installation Standards © RHA 4/1/15
Wall Insulation Table of Contents
Section 23 WALL INSULATION PART 1: INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR CONVENTIONAL HOMES WALL INSULATION REPAIR Not allowed for this measure.
WALL INSULATION RESTRICTIONS 1.
DO NOT INSULATE - The following wall cavities shall not be insulated: Insulated or partially insulated walls, except some mobile home walls (see Part 2 of this section). Asbestos-containing siding is present (see CSD WIS Section 1 (Health and Safety Requirements). Knob-and-Tube (K&T) wiring is present in the enclosed cavity. Cavities used as, or containing, HVAC ducts. Cavities containing gas wall furnaces. Cavities containing electric wall heaters and other heat producing devices—unless the HPD is protected by: - Full-dimensional blocking, or - A sealed protective pan.
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Wall Insulation
Section 23 1.
DO NOT INSULATE (cont.) - The following wall cavities shall not be insulated (cont.): Cavities containing wall-mounted exhaust fans—unless the fan housing within the wall cavity is a sealed unit.
Cavities containing recessed light fixtures—unless a barrier with a 3" clearance zone exists. Walls open to uninsulated soffits containing recessed light fixtures—unless loose fill is kept away from the HPDs and off of the soffit by one of the following methods. - Top Fill Method—cavities are: Filled from the top with loose fill up to the soffit, and Insulated the remaining distance to the top plate with flexible or rigid material. - Top Seal Method—cavities are: Securely sealed at the soffit/ceiling level, and Pressure-filled from below, and Insulated the remaining distance to the top plate with flexible or rigid material.
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Section 23
1.
DO NOT INSULATE (cont.) - The following wall cavities shall not be insulated (cont.): Cavities containing a masonry fireplace or chimney—unless proper clearance is provided. - For cellulose: 3" clearance must exist between cellulose and masonry. Clearance must be provided by solid wood or a combination of wood and air space. - For fiberglass and rock wool, no clearance is required. - Cavities with metal chimneys or flues—unless a solid barrier with a 3" clearance zone exists.
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Section 23 1.
DO NOT INSULATE (cont.) - The following wall cavities shall not be insulated (cont.): Wall cavities connecting with unprotected pocket door cavities (i.e., locations where blown insulation can enter the door pocket). Cavities with recessed shelves (insulate only above and below shelving unit).
Walls in need of interior or exterior repair (e.g., deteriorated, damaged, loose, etc.). Leaking walls. Walls with substandard interior sheathing (such as 1/4" gypsum, 1/8" paneling 16" OC, 1/4" paneling 24" OC, etc.). Walls with substandard exterior sheathing (such as deteriorated lap siding, or other condition that cannot safely withstand pressure of blown insulation).
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Section 23 WALL INSULATION GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2.
PREPARATION OF HOME - Clean Work Requirements When insulation shall be installed from indoors, the pathway from the entrance door to the points of insulation shall be protected with runners. When access is inside a closet, the clothing and other personal property must be removed or covered. Care shall be taken to prevent damage to the home and furnishing by the insulation hose, ladders, etc. All cutting of mineral fiber batts for blocking or baffling purposes shall occur outside the living space or inside the attic.
3.
INDOOR PREPARATION - Home Inspection Prior to installing insulation, all walls to be insulated shall be thoroughly inspected on the inside for any areas where insulation might blow into the home - Drilling Restriction Only gypsum (drywall) and wooden wall sheathing shall be drilled. Safety practices prescribed in the CSD Field Guide shall be followed when ACM or leadbased paint is known or suspected to be present in/on wall sheathing. - Home Furnishings Move furniture and home furnishings as needed to access the interior side of the walls (after obtaining occupant’s permission). It is not necessary to move furniture that: - Is heavy and very difficult to move. - Contains delicate belongings (e.g., a china hutch), unless the occupant removes the items that could be easily damaged. - Cupboards and Closets Access as needed to pressure-fill wall cavities inside them. Personal belongings must be removed by the occupants to allow access (or by crew with permission from the occupant). - Wall Preparation Remove wall hangings and other items that may be jarred loose during pressure-fill. Inspect all interior wall covering and trim to make sure they are securely fastened to the wall. - Re-set any loose nails and screws. - Identify any areas of weakness, where care must be taken while installing insulation. Caulk cracks and small holes, including plumbing and electrical penetrations, and CRACKS AND HOLES CAULKED/REPAIRED TO repair large holes in interior surfaces, to PREVENT MOIST AIR FROM ENTERING WALL CAVITIES prevent indoor air from entering the wall cavity. - Electrical Wiring Look for evidence of substandard wiring in walls to be insulated. Check at service entrance and subpanels. Remove at least one cover plate on each wall, and check for evidence of unsafe wiring. - Unfeasible Wall Cavities Areas of wall weakness and electrical concerns: - Identify each location where it is unsafe to pressure-fill insulation. - Mark the cavity on the outside as being not safe to insulate. 23-5
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Section 23 -
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- Describe location and explain reason for not insulating that cavity in the job paperwork. Indoor Drill and Fill Precautions Cover furniture, appliances, electronic devices, etc. to protect them from dust. Take all reasonable precautions to minimize generation of dust inside the home, and to capture dust that is created. Drilling: - Place a means/mechanism beneath the drill to catch falling debris as the holes are drilled. - Vacuumed away dust as it occurs. Filling: - Hole ID must match nozzle OD as closely as possible. - Wrap a cloth or other protective material around the nozzle to catch duct that blows out around the nozzle. - After each cavity fills, turn off the blower, and close the nozzle valve, before removing nozzle from the wall. Mobile Home Requirements See Part 2: Mobile Home Criteria.
4.
OUTDOOR PREPARATION - Vegetation Carefully tie back shrubs/bushes as needed to access bottoms of all wall cavities. When a flower/plant garden is next to the home, make all feasible preparations to avoid damaging the plants (e.g., laying down planks to walk on, covering plants with plastic, etc.). - Ground Cover To catch debris, place a cover (plastic sheeting, tarps, etc.) over the ground, starting at the edge of the wall and extending outward at least 12'. If not truck-mounted, place the blowing machine and bags of insulation on tarps. - Unfeasible Wall Cavities Areas of wall weakness and other concerns: - Identify each location where it is unsafe to pressure-fill insulation. - Mark the cavity as being not safe to insulate. - Describe location and explain reason for not insulating that cavity in the job paperwork. - Mobile Home Requirements See Part 2: Mobile Home Criteria.
5.
OUTDOOR DRILLING RESTRICTIONS - Electrical Equipment Cavities containing service entrance, meter base, and/or distribution panel shall be drilled using a drill stop to prevent the bit from penetrating beyond the inside surface of the exterior sheathing. - Sheathing Restrictions The following shall not be drilled: - Asbestos shingles and siding. - Metal siding. - Vinyl siding. - Brick. - Stone. - Adobe. - Exposed surfaces of wood shingles. It is acceptable to remove the outermost shingle, drill and patch the weather-protected surface below, and reinstall or replace the outer shingle. 23-6
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Wall Insulation
Section 23 6.
EQUIPMENT PREPARATION - Insulation Blower Setup On-site electrical supply for blower shall be verified to be adequate prior to beginning work. If electrical supply is inadequate, a portable generator shall be used. Blowing machine pressure test shall be performed with air on full, feed off, agitator running, and gate closed Hose outlet pressure will be at least 80 IWC or 2.9 psi for cellulose insulation; for other types of dense pack insulation, check manufacturer’s specification for blowing machine set-up.
PRESSURE-FILL INSULATION REQUIREMENTS 7.
CONVENTIONAL HOME PRESSURE FILL METHODS METHOD
Fill Tube Method
REQUIREMENTS FOR APPROVED METHODS Required when insulation travel must exceed nozzle-fill insulation travel maximums. Top-fill and bottom-fill are equally acceptable, All portions of all fillable cavities shall be completely filled. Hole size shall be no more than 1/2" larger than fill tube OD. Cavities shall be filled to required density, as prescribed by insulation manufacturer, to achieve required R-value. Required R-value - As determined by Energy Audit, or - R-13 in 2-by-4 walls - R-19 in 2-b-6 walls Dense Pack Requirements - Cellulose material shall be installed to a minimum density of 3.5 pounds at 50 pascals per cubic foot, as measured using BPI- 102 “Standard for Air Resistance of Thermal Insulation Used in Retrofit Cavity Applications – Material Specification” or ASTM C 522, E 283, or E 2178.. - Loose fiberglass material shall be installed and will be specifically approved for airflow resistance to a minimum density of 1.5 to 2 pounds per cubic foot. - The number of bags installed will be confirmed and will match the number required on the coverage chart.
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Section 23 7.
CONVENTIONAL HOME PRESSURE FILL METHODS (cont.) METHOD
Nozzle-Fill Method
REQUIREMENTS FOR APPROVED METHODS All Materials - A directional nozzle shall be used to direct the flow of insulation. - Exception: A straight nozzle is allowed when, due to the characteristics of the blowing equipment, a higher density fill can be achieved with a straight nozzle than with a directional nozzle. - All portions of all fillable cavities shall be completely filled to required density, as prescribed by insulation manufacturer to achieve the required R-value. Fill Hole Size - Holes shall be in conformance with manufacturer's specifications. Insulation Travel Maximums - Downward 48". - Upward 15". Minimum Cavity Size - All cavities large enough to be drilled shall be filled. Required R-value - See Fill Tube Method above.
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Wall Insulation
Section 23 8.
BALLOON FRAMED WALLS - Walls Without Bottom or Top Plates Cavities shall be blocked with flexible batt material: - At both top and bottom, prior to injecting insulation through the side of the wall. - At the bottom prior to injecting insulation by fill tube through the open top. Bottom blocking shall be permanently secured to prevent insulation leakage. - Walls With Bottom Plate Only Cavities shall be blocked at the top with flexible batt material prior to injecting insulation through the side of the wall.
9.
WALLS OPEN TO SUSPENDED CEILINGS - Walls Below Suspended Ceiling That portion of the wall extending from the floor to the suspended ceiling shall be insulated with loose fill material. - It is acceptable to fill cavities through the open top with a fill tube. - Cavities also may be filled through side holes, when blocked at suspended ceiling level to prevent loose fill from blowing onto the suspended ceiling. - Walls Above Suspended Ceiling That portion of the wall extending above uninsulated suspended ceiling shall be insulated with flexible batt material installed in conformance with this section.
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Wall Insulation
Section 23 10. CAVITIES CREATED BY FIRE BLOCKS AND BRACING - All Materials and Methods Holes shall be provided above and below all fire blocks and full dimension cross braces to ensure that all cavities are filled. - Nozzle Method A minimum of 2 holes are required for each cavity exceeding 63" in height. - Fill Tube Method A single hole may be drilled at the top or bottom of each cavity. 11. CAVITIES IN WALLS WITH WOOD SIDING - Access Cavities with T-111, OSB, or Plywood Siding - Access to exterior wall cavities will be gained and sheathing will be drilled as needed and probed to locate each cavity, wall studs, and blockers. - Drilled holes will be large enough to accommodate an appropriately sized fill tube. - Holes will be drilled around the perimeter of the home, parallel to the bottom plate and an equal distance apart. - The line of holes will be located under the lowest window sill when possible. Cavities with Lap Siding - Course of siding will be unhooked or removed. - Holes sufficiently large for the fill tube will be drilled in every wall cavity. - Inspect Inspect the cavities to determine moisture damage, pests, wiring, obstructions, existing insulation, etc. EXTERIOR
12. PRESSURE FILL HOLE FILLS AND PATCHING STUCCO PATCH - Hole Plugs And Filler Materials shall be: FINISHED TO BLEND - Appropriate for the application. WITH SURROUNDING EXTERIOR - Exterior grade for all exterior applications. WALL SURFACE HOLE FILLER - Compatible with the surrounding material. - Installed in conformance with manufacturer's instructions. - Finished to blend with the surrounding wall surface. Painted Exterior Walls - Filler/patch shall be sealed with an appropriate primer. - Application of a separate primer is not required when a program-approved, self-priming filler is used.
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Section 23 -
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Stucco, Plaster, and Gypsum Walls Backing material shall be installed in each hole to control patch depth and isolate patch from insulation. - Backing shall be cork plugs, foam backer rod, or equivalent. - Patch depth shall conform to manufacturer's specifications. Holes shall be patched and primed. Holes in interior unpainted gypsum (e.g., garage walls): - Primer is not required for filler material. - Flush mount plastic plugs are allowed, when approved by the owner. Wood Walls Painted Walls - Plugs shall be: Made of wood or cork. Recessed at least 1/8", or depth specified my filler manufacturer. Covered with filler and primed. Natural Finish Walls - Plugs are required and shall be: Made of wood which is compatible with siding. Installed flush with the siding or sanded flush. Secured permanently with exterior grade adhesive. Sealed against water damage. Wood and Cork Plugs - Plugs shall not be vented. - Plugs shall be resistant to shrinkage and expansion.
13. PRESSURE FILL HOLES IN SHEATHING, FACING AND TRIM - Sheathing When siding is removed, all breaches in moisture barrier shall be patched. Patching material shall have equivalent perm rating. Holes will be plugged and sealed. - T-111 and Equivalent Siding A primed trim board will be centered and installed over the holes. Height of the trim will span from 1” above to 1” below the hole. A continuous caulk seal will be applied between the trim and siding. Caulk seal will be above the holes. Top edge of the trim will be sealed to the siding with a continuous caulk seal. - Lap Siding Siding will be reattached without bulges or wrinkles. Siding will be hooked into the original position. - Fill Holes In Facing and Trim Holes shall never be drilled in shutters, facing, or trim. 14. POST-INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS - See Part 4: Measure-Specific Post-Installation Requirements.
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Wall Insulation
Section 23 UNFINISHED FRAMED WALLS—ABOVE GRADE 15. -
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FLEXIBLE & RIGID MINERAL FIBER, AND RIGID FOAM R-Value As determined by Energy Audit, or R-13 in 2-by-4 walls R-19 in 2-by-6 walls Placement And Attachment Batts shall completely fill each cavity. Friction batts are acceptable to install without staples. Batts with stapling flange shall be face stapled. Batts shall not be compressed. After installing batt insulation in this application, it is not required to install drywall unless required by local jurisdiction.
16. VAPOR BARRIER - Placement Vapor barrier shall be placed on the winter warm side when required by the local jurisdiction. 17. INSULATION OF SMALL CAVITIES - Flexible and Rigid Mineral Fiber and Rigid Foam All cavities around windows and doors shall be insulated. Insulation shall be cut to fit snugly without compression. Cavities containing sash weights shall not be insulated. 18. INSULATION AROUND PIPES - Flexible and Rigid Mineral Fiber and Rigid Foam Pipes shall not be isolated from the heated side. In locations without freezing temperatures, pipes may be surrounded with insulation. In locations with freezing temperatures, insulation shall be placed between pipes and cold side. Locations with freezing temperatures are those with winter design temperature listed at or below 32°F in the California Energy Commission Residential Manual or per ASHRAE. 19. POST-INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS - See Part 4: Measure-Specific Post-Installation Requirements.
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Wall Insulation
Section 23 UNFINISHED WALLS—BELOW GRADE 20. VAPOR BARRIER - Below-Grade Walls (Heated Basement, etc.) Placement of vapor barrier shall: - Be determined by site-specific analysis of factors governing moisture migration. - Be in conformance with the local jurisdiction. 21. POST-INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS - See Part 4: Measure-Specific PostInstallation Requirements.
PART 2: MOBILE HOME CRITERIA 22. MOBILE HOME WALL TYPES - Wood Siding Follow applicable criteria in Part 1: Installation Requirements for Conventional Homes. - Metal Siding Installation shall be attempted only when depth of the stud cavity allows for installation of new 3.5 thick high density fiberglass blankets/batts. See assessment criteria in the CSD Field Guide Appendix D for instructions on proper assessment of wall cavities. Until it has been determined that wall insulation is feasible for the mobile home, siding removal shall be limited to that which is necessary to establish feasibility. - Mobile homes built after 1976 have 3.5" thick wall studs, which can accept retrofit 3.5" thick batts. - Pre-1976 mobile homes may have 2.5" thick wall studs and/or ventilated metal siding. Shall not be insulated when ventilated metal siding is present When installed, new insulation will be compressed to less than R-13. Existing insulation shall be removed only when necessary to allow for installation of new high-density batts. - Very old mobile homes may have 1.5" thick studs and/or ventilated metal siding—retrofit wall insulation is not feasible. 23. MOBILE HOME PREPARATION - General Requirements All applicable criteria in Items 1 and 2 shall be followed. Cavities shall be free of hazards, intact, and able to support dense pack pressures. Drilling hazards (e.g., wiring, venting, fuel piping) shall be identified. Problems will be corrected before work begins. - Electrical Wiring Verification CHECK FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING AND BOXES THAT CAN PREVENT INSERTION To the extent possible, inspect for unsafe wiring before OF NEW FIBERGLASS BATTS removing metal siding beyond what is needed for inspection/evaluation, and before removing existing insulation (when doing so is necessary to install new insulation). 23-13 CSD Weatherization Installation Standards © RHA 4/1/15
Wall Insulation
Section 23 23. MOBILE HOME PREPARATION (cont.) - Electrical Wiring Verification (cont.) - Indoors: Remove at least one receptacle and one switch cover plate on each wall. Inspect wiring for loose connections, faulty conductors, or other unsafe conditions. Leave cover plates off until new insulation has been installed. - Outdoors: Remove a sufficient number of fasteners to allow for inspection per Item 25. Inspect wiring by pulling back siding and pushing existing insulation out of the way from below. If the cavity will be insulated, leave fasteners out. If cavity cannot feasibly be insulated, install new fasteners to secure the siding (preexisting screws are not reinstalled). If there is evidence of unsafe or hazardous wiring: - Do not install new insulation in that cavity, and do not remove existing insulation (when doing so is necessary to install new insulation). - Mark the cavity on the outside as being not safe to insulate. - Explain reason for not insulating that cavity in the job paperwork. - Indoor Preparation for Mobile Home Insulation After obtaining client’s permission, move furniture as needed to access the interior side of all walls to be insulated. It is not necessary to move furniture that: - Is heavy and very difficult to move. - Contains delicate belongings (e.g., a china hutch), unless the client removes the items that could be easily damaged. Mask areas that may cause dust to spread on the interior. Remove wall hangings and nails, screws, hooks, etc. that penetrate wall paneling. Inspect all paneling and trim to make sure they are securely fastened to the wall. - Drive home any loose nails and screws. - Identify any areas of weakness, where care must be taken while installing insulation. - Identify each location where it is unsafe to install insulation. Mark the cavity on the outside as being not safe to insulate. Describe location and explain reason for not insulating that cavity in the job paperwork. Caulk cracks and small holes, including plumbing and electrical penetrations, and repair large holes in interior surfaces, to prevent indoor air from entering the wall AFTER NAILS/SCREWS REMOVED, CRACKS AND cavity. HOLES CAULKED/REPAIRED TO PREVENT Electrical Boxes (Switch and Receptacle) MOIST AIR FROM ENTERING WALL CAVITIES - Determine if they can be easily removed, and remove them if feasible, until after insulation has been installed. - Remove screws from the boxes, and pull the boxes temporarily out of the wall, so they will not obstruct batt stuffing. - Do not remove boxes that cannot be re-installed and securely re-fastened. - Blocking Blocking shall be installed around: - All openings to inside of the crawlspace and basement for fibrous material. - High temperature fire-rated materials. - Wiring and electrical hazards. - Heat-producing devices. 23-14 CSD Weatherization Installation Standards © RHA 4/1/15
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Section 23 -
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Blowing Electricity supply will be confirmed and will support blowing machine power demand. Blowing machine pressure test will be performed with air on highest level, feed off, and gate closed. Hose outlet pressure will be at least 80 IWC or 2.9 psi for cellulose insulation; for other types of dense pack insulation, check manufacturer specification for blowing machine set up. Outdoor Preparation for Mobile Home Insulation Accessing Wall Cavities - Access to exterior wall cavities will be gained; sheathing will be drilled as needed and probed to locate each cavity, wall studs, and blockers. - When accessing wall cavities, the interior will be masked to control dust during drilling. Carefully tie back shrubs/bushes as needed to access bottoms of all wall cavities. When a flower/plant garden is next to the mobile home, make all feasible preparations to avoid damaging plants (e.g., laying down planks to walk on, covering plants with plastic, etc. When outdoor steps for an entrance door interfere with siding access, temporarily remove the steps, if permission is given by the client. If a deck or other obstruction prevents access to any siding panels: - Bypass those panels, and - Describe location and explain reason for not insulating those cavities in the job paperwork. To catch debris, place a cover (plastic sheeting, tarps, etc.) over the ground, starting at the edge of the skirting and extending outward at least 12'. If not truck-mounted, place the blowing machine and bags of insulation on tarps.
24. MOBILE HOME INSTALLATION METHODS - Wall Cavity Pressure-Fill Methods Follow applicable criteria in Part 1: Installation Requirements for Conventional Homes. Install only fiberglass blowing wool. - Dense Packing Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density: - Blown fiberglass, mineral fiber, or spray foam used in an enclosed cavity will be installed at or above the manufacturer recommended density to limit air flow that corresponds to an air permeance value of 3.5 cubic feet per minute per square foot at 50 Pascals. - Cellulose material will be installed to a minimum density of 3.5 pounds per cubic foot when the wall sheathing and interior cladding will endure this level of pressure. - Loose fiberglass material will be installed and will be specifically approved for air flow resistance to a minimum density in accordance with manufacturer specifications. - The number of bags installed will be confirmed and will match the number to achieve 1.5– 1.6 pounds per cubic foot. - Insulation will be verified to prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 Pascals of pressure difference. - Batt “Stuffing” Method 5/16 x 1’ x 8’ Installs high-density R-13 fiberglass blankets (or POLYCARBONATE STRIP minimum 8-foot-long batts), sized for 16" OC HD R-13 FIBER(or actual stud spacing, if different). GLASS BATT Stuffing Tool: Fabricate a stuffing tool (used to push the fiberglass insulation into an enclosed wall cavity). - Made with a strip of sturdy, flexible material, such as: 6-MIL PLASTIC SHEETING Polycarbonate (e.g., Lexan), or Galvanized metal, 20 gage. BATT STUFFING METHOD = FIBERGLASS BATT OVER - Dimensions: PLASTIC SHEET, AND POLYCARBONATE STRIP ON TOP 1' wide by 8' long for full-length cavities 23-15 CSD Weatherization Installation Standards © RHA 4/1/15
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Section 23 -
1' wide by 4' long for shorter cavities (under windows, etc.). Thickness: Approximately 5/16" plastic or 20 gage metal. Bent at a slight angle 7 ½ to 12 from one end. For plastic, apply indirect heat at bend location to achieve the angle. Bent end should be at a 5 to 15 angle, to help clear obstructions inside the wall cavity.
25. REMOVAL OF FASTENERS - Access Bottom of Metal Siding—Vertical Panels Remove metal siding fasteners (to facilitate pulling the bottom 4' of each siding panel away from the framing). - Remove bottom two rows of screws. - When full-length panels are secured to framing with staples (approximately 4' up the wall cavity), also remove staples with long pry bar. Fasten adjacent panels together at the bottom with one 1/2" sheet metal screw on each side. SCREWS REMOVED FROM - These screws keep panels from pulling BOTTOM TWO ROWS apart sideways when they are pried OF METAL SIDING away from the framing to insert insulation. - Especially important for interlocking panels. Remove perimeter flashing (fascia strip) below bottom of siding. - Remove the flashing if it is secured with screws removed from the bottom of siding panels, and if removal is necessary to facilitate installation of new insulation batts. - If removed, mark each piece so it can be replaced in the location from which it was removed. - Access Bottom of Metal Siding—Horizontal Panels Remove the bottom section of siding to gain access to the wall cavities. If subsheathing is present under the siding, access through the subsheathing will be required. - Examine Wall Cavities Before installing new insulation, inspect the interior of each wall cavity for damage, deterioration, obstructions, and inadequate accessibility. If framing and paneling are intact, and electrical wiring or water pipes do not pose a problem, proceed with insulation procedure. All interior surfaces of exterior walls will be inspected for loose paneling joints, occupant wall hangings, location of switches and outlets, and other wall obstructions. Objects will be removed from the interior surfaces of the walls being insulated. Interior paneling will be repaired as necessary. If a condition in the wall cavity makes it unsafe or unfeasible to safely and properly install new batts: - Bypass that cavity, and - Describe location and explain reason for not insulating it in the job paperwork. 26. INSTALLATION OF NEW BLANKET/BATT - Blanket/Batt Insertion Insulation Length: 8" longer than the height of the cavity being stuffed. Thickness: Thickness of the batt will fill the void without deforming siding or damaging structure. A poly-encased fiberglass batt may be used in place of the fiberglass batt and membrane assembly. 23-16 CSD Weatherization Installation Standards © RHA 4/1/15
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Section 23
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The membrane will be installed in contact with the side of the wall that is compatible with the local climate zone. Plastic sheeting: - Cut the plastic sheeting 2” wider than the cavity and 1’ longer than the batt (it is required to facilitate sliding the batts up into the wall cavities). - Place the blanket/batt on top of the plastic strip. Place the appropriate-length stuffing tool on top of the batt, angled end facing upward. Fold the first 6" of plastic strip and fiberglass batt over the angled end of the stuffing tool. Pull the metal siding and existing insulation outward and away from wall framing. Put the side of the batt with plastic sheeting against the interior paneling (stuffing tool is on the outer surface of the batt). Using the stuffing tool to push the batt upward: - Stuff the insulation into the wall cavity all the way to the top. - Existing insulation should be compressed against the siding as the new batt is pushed upward. - If obstructions impede movement, work the tool to get past them. METAL SIDING PULLED AWAY FROM FRAME, AND After batt reaches the top of the cavity, pull STUFFING TOOL USED TO PUSH FIBERGLASS the stuffing tool back down and out of the BATT ALL THE WAY TO TOP OF WALL CAVITY wall. Allow the extra length of batt to hang below the siding, to identify cavities that have been stuffed. (Do not stuff bottom ends of batts into wall cavities until after all cavities have been insulated.) Repeat the stuffing procedure for each accessible cavity. Pressure-Fill Limited Access Cavities Follow procedures outlined in Item 27. Interior Observation As insulation is stuffed into a cavity, or the cavity is pressure-filled, the location must be observed from the inside, so appropriate action can be taken if paneling is being bulged out or pushed loose. Wall Closure After Insulation Is Completed At each wall cavity where extra length of batt is hanging below the siding, push the batt into the bottom of the wall cavity, to fill and insulate it. Press siding panels back into place, making sure they interlock as designed. Replace perimeter flashing (fascia strip), if removed. Install new screws in all screw locations to tightly secure the panels in place. (The original screws are not reused.) Siding will be reattached without bulges or wrinkles.
27. PRESSURE-FILL FOR LIMITED-ACCESS LOCATIONS - Purpose To fill cavities in which batt stuffing is not feasible (too narrow, obstructed, or inaccessible), such as: - Cavities near corners and doors, where siding is difficult to loosen and pull back. - Cavities that are particularly tight due to belt rails, wiring, and other obstructions. - Procedure If skirting overlaps siding, remove skirting. Loosen the bottom of the wall panel(s) enough for fill tube access.
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Section 23 Temporary fasteners will be installed near the bottom of the siding panels at the seams. If subsheathing is present under the siding, access through the subsheathing will be required. Insert a fill tube up to the top of the cavity. - Position the tube so its natural curvature presses the top of its angle-cut tip against the interior paneling. - If the tube hits a belt rail or other obstruction, twist the tube slightly to help get it past the obstruction. If the wall cavity is known to contain electrical wiring or plumbing, care must be taken to avoid snagging the tube or causing damage. Place a short piece of batt to block the bottom of the panel access and prevent loose-fill from blowing out. FILL TUBE PUSHED TO Carefully pressure-fill the wall cavity, using less pressure than for TOP OF CAVITY, THEN conventional home wall cavity fill. SLOWLY PULLED OUT Insulation will be installed to a density of 1.5 to-1.6 pounds per cubic AS CAVITY FILLS foot. Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density. An observer must be stationed indoors during the filling process, to watch for paneling bulges and loosening of the edges/trim. Draw the fill tube downward about 6" at a time when: - The blower fan slows down due to back-pressure, and/or - Insulation flow through the hose slows down, and/or - There is slight bulging of the exterior siding or interior paneling. Immediately turn off the blower or withdraw the tube, if insulation flow stops and/or excessive bulging occurs. Special precaution will be taken not to overfill the bottom of the cavity. Fill tube will be inserted from the bottom of the wall cavity within 6” of the top of the cavity between the interior paneling and any existing insulation. Subsheathing will be patched or repaired as necessary. If skirting was removed, skirting will be reinstalled to shed water to the outside of the skirting Avoid over-filling the bottom of the cavity, and stuff in the blocking batt to insulate that area. Remove any loose fill from outer edges of the studs before re-securing metal siding to them. Siding will be reattached with new fasteners. Siding will be reattached without bulges or wrinkles. 28. LIMITED ACCESS PROCEDURES - Cavities with Electrical Wiring and Plumbing Insulate the cavity only when wiring and plumbing defects are not present. Take appropriate precautions to avoid damaging wiring or piping. - Cavities with Window, Fan, or Other Obstruction Stuff insulation up to the obstruction. When the bottom of siding panels above a window/obstruction can be accessed (screws removed and paneling pulled away) without removing the window/obstruction, fill those cavities the same as siding panels accessed from floor level. When siding panels above a window /obstruction cannot feasibly accessed from the bottom: - Remove screws at the top of the panels. - Remove drip edge and/or other components as needed to access the cavities from the top. - Pull back the panels, and stuff batts downward to fill the cavities. - Reinstall components that were removed. - Secure siding and components with new screws that are longer and thicker than the original screws. - Apply sealant as needed to ensure a watertight seal in all seams/joints/screws where components were removed and replaced. 23-18 CSD Weatherization Installation Standards © RHA 4/1/15
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Section 23 PART 3: MULTI-FAMILY WHOLE BUILDING CRITERIA 29. MULTI-FAMILY INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS - General All measure installation for these projects must conform to the latest adopted version of the CSD Weatherization Installation Standards and the DOE “Standard Work Specifications for Multi-Family Home Energy Upgrades”, which is incorporated here by reference and available at: https://sws.nrel.gov/sites/default/files/sws_multifamily.pdf. - Whole-Building Measure To install wall insulation, access to every unit within the multi-family building must be obtained. Wall locations to be insulated shall be determined by whole building energy audit or priority table, by climate zone. - Single-story and Two-story Buildings See Part 1: Installation Requirements for Conventional Homes. - Buildings of 3-Stories or Higher Wall insulation shall be installed from the building interior only. See Part 1: Installation Requirements for Conventional Homes (methods for interior installation only).
PART 4: MEASURE-SPECIFIC POST-INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 30. QUALITY OF INSTALLATION - ALL HOMES - Pressure-Fill Insulation Completed wall insulation cavities shall be confirmed to have an even level of insulation at the prescribed R-value in conformance with the CSD Field Guide. During installation, the interior of the home shall be rechecked for accidental leakage of insulation material. During and after installation, a representative sample of utility switch/outlet boxes shall be checked for loose fill. If loose fill insulation is found, check all accessible boxes and remove the insulation. The interior of the home shall be checked for wall damage and for insulation inside the home. All damage, interior and exterior, shall be repaired. Interior closets and cupboards shall be checked for loose fill material. All loose fill material accidentally blown into the home shall be removed. Any interior damage (e.g., walls, cupboards) caused by insulating shall be repaired. Electrical cover plates: - Those removed for inspection shall be reinstalled. - Any cover plates damaged or broken shall be replaced. - Dense Pack Verification The number of bags installed shall be confirmed and shall match the number required on the coverage chart. Insulation density shall be verified by bag count, core sampling, or infrared camera (when equipment is approved by CSD) with the blower door at 50 pascals to prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference. Any voids or low density areas shall be drilled and re-packed.
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Section 23 31. QUALITY OF INSTALLATION - MOBILE HOMES - Inspect Paneling and Trim Ensure all paneling and trim are in place and properly secured. Drive in loose nails and screws used to hold the materials in place. Replace with longer nails/screws, if existing anchors do not properly secure the materials. - Replace indoor items moved before insulating, including: Wall hangings and nails, screws, or hooks. Electrical boxes and cover plates. - Patch Inspection Holes If an inspection hole was cut to examine wall depth and insulation thickness, close it using a technique such as one of the following: - Reinstall the removed piece, secure it in place (e.g., with a wood strip attached to the back of it with small screws), and seal with compatible caulk. - Cover the hole with compatible material (e.g., similar paneling), secure it in place with small screws, and seal HOLES CUT FOR CAVITY INSPEC with caulk (applied to the back of the cover before it’s TION ARE COVERED AND SEALED installed, or around the perimeter afterward). 32. CLEAN-UP REQUIREMENTS - All Units Upon completion, the residence shall be returned to its original condition and left free of jobrelated dust and debris, inside and out. A HEPA vacuum shall be used when mineral fiber insulation is installed (fiberglass or rock wool) and all other insulations. - Access Inside the Living Space All areas between an indoor access and home entrance shall be vacuumed. The area between the home entrance and the insulation truck shall be cleaned (swept or vacuumed). - Access Outside the Living Space All areas between the access and the insulation truck shall be cleaned (swept or vacuumed). 33. RETURN DWELLING TO ORIGINAL STATE – ALL HOMES - Indoors Remove coverings (e.g., plastic sheeting) from furniture, appliances, electronic devices, etc. Remove scraps and debris, and vacuum clean all areas affected by the insulation process. Return to their original position household furnishings moved to perform the job. - Outdoors Untie bushes, etc., and return them to their original condition. Remove plastic covers from plants and walking planks from garden beds. For mobile homes, replace outdoor steps, etc. moved to gain access to siding. Clean-up work site—remove: - All leftover insulation, packaging materials, plastic sheeting, insulation scraps, and debris. - Ground covers/tarps, and all tools and equipment. All clean-up materials, including scraps, debris, duct, etc., shall be removed from the premises.
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Section 23 34. INSULATION CERTIFICATE - Required Documentation Manufacturer’s information, and total installed R-value, shall be documented in the posted Insulation Certificate (CSD 610 Form). In accordance with Title 24, when insulation is installed (ceiling, wall, or floor), completion of the insulation certificate (CSD 610 Form) shall be required and a copy provided to the client. The certificate shall be completed and signed by the contractor responsible for installing the insulation. The manufacturer, brand, R-value, etc. Of the insulation installed in the roof/ ceiling, walls, floor and slab edge are documented. The installer also verifies compliance with the applicable mandatory measures (i.e. Infiltration and exfiltration) for the building envelope.
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