Home
Add Document
Sign In
Create An Account
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES xiv LIST OF FIGURES xv LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 1 2 iii ...
Author:
Hester Dalton
6 downloads
1 Views
34KB Size
Report
Download PDF
Recommend Documents
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Table of Contents. List of Tables...4. List of Figures...5. List of abbreviations...6. Executive summary Background...21
TABLE OF CONTENTS. LIST OF FIGURES...ixx. LIST OF TABLES...xii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION... 1
List of Tables. List of Figures
List of Tables. List of Figures
List of symbols and abbreviations
List of Abbreviations and Symbols
List of Tables. List of Figures
Contents. List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgements
List of Figures and Tables
Table of Contents. List of Figures
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES
TABLE OF CONTENTS. LIST OF FIGURES... v. LIST OF TABLES...vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS. Summary.i List of Figures...iii List of Tables...iii
Table of Contents. Inside this issue: List of Tables: List of Figures:
Contents. List of tables
Contents List of Figures
List of figures List of tables Preface and acknowledgments
TABLE OF CONTENTS. Table of Contents... i. List of Figures... ii. List of Tables...iii. Acknowledgements... iv. Executive Summary
LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES
LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES
LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES
LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
xv
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
1
2
iii
xviii
GSM EVOLUTION STRATEGY BEYOND 3G - LONG TERM EVOLUTION
1
1.1
INTRODUCTION
1
1.2
LONG TERM EVOLUTION (LTE)
2
1.2.1 LTE Requirements
3
1.2.2 LTE Network Architecture
3
1.3
LITERATURE SURVEY
6
1.4
OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH WORK
18
1.5
ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS
22
A NOVEL ROUTING FRAMEWORK FOR SUPPORTING DISTRIBUTED SERVICES IN LTE SYSTEMS
26
2.1
INTRODUCTION
26
2.2
AODV (AD HOC ON-DEMAND DISTANCE
2.3
VECTOR)
28
2.2.1 ROUTE DISCOVERY PHASE
29
2.2.2 ROUTE MAINTENANCE PHASE
30
DRCF ROUTING ALGORITHM
30
2.3.1 GENERATE RREQ ALGORITHM
32
.
viii CHAPTER NO.
TITLE
2.4
NETWORK MODEL
37
2.4.1 Performance Metrics
39
3
PAGE NO.
2.4.1.1 Route Discovery Time
39
2.4.1.2 Delay
39
2.4.1.3 Total Route Errors Sent
39
2.4.1.4 Total Packets Dropped
39
2.5
RESULTS
40
2.6
CONCLUSION
43
CONGESTION AWARE ROUTING
44
3.1
INTRODUCTION
44
3.1.1 Area Monitoring
44
3.2
OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM
45
3.3
OBJECTIVE
45
3.4
AODV (AD-HOC ON DEMAND DISTANCE
3.5
3.6
VECTOR ROUTING)
46
3.4.1 Routing Tables
48
3.4.2 Control Messages
49
3.4.2.1 Routing Request
49
3.4.2.2 Routing Reply
49
3.4.2.3 Hello Messages
50
DYNAMIC SOURCE ROUTING
50
3.5.1 Description
50
3.5.2 Route Discovery
50
3.5.3 Route Maintenance
51
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF TWO ONDEMAND
3.7
DSR
ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR AD HOC
NETWORKS
52
EXISTING DESIGN OF AODV
53
.
ix CHAPTER NO.
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
TITLE
PAGE NO.
3.7.1 AODV
53
3.7.2 AODV_Agent
54
3.7.3 Hdr_AODV
54
3.7.4 Request Buffer
54
3.7.5 AODV_RTable
54
3.7.6 AODVConstants
54
IMPORTANT ROUTINES
54
3.8.1 Sending RREQ
54
3.8.2 Receiving RREQ
55
3.8.3 Forwarding RREQ
56
3.8.4 Forwarding RREP
56
3.8.5 Receiving RREP
57
3.8.6 HELLO Handling
58
3.8.7 Forwarding Packets
58
3.8.8 Sending Triggered RREP
59
3.8.9 Receiving Triggered RREP
59
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
59
3.9.1 Car Protocol Design
60
3.9.2 Conzone Routing
61
IMPLEMENTATION
62
3.10.1 TCL File Topography
62
3.10.2 Start and Stop Time
63
3.10.3 Traffic Generation
63
3.10.4 Nam File and Trace File
64
CONZONE IMPLEMENTATION
64
3.11.1 Routing Table
64
3.11.1.1 Aodv_rtable.cc
65
3.11.1.2 Code Snippet
65
.
x CHAPTER NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
3.11.1.3 Aodv_rtable.h
66
3.11.1.4 Function prototype
66
3.11.1.5 Aodv.cc
66
3.11.1.6 TCL File
66
3.11.2 Adding Priority to Routing Table
67
3.11.3 Neighbor Table
67
3.11.4 Conzone Formation
68
3.11.5 Conzone Routing
71
3.11.5.1 Routine for Updating the Route
71
3.11.5.2 Routine for Checking the Category of A Node to Belong to Conzone 71 3.11.5.3 Routine for Updation of Node Entries
72
3.11.5.4 Routine for Initializing the AODV Table Structure 3.12
72
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
73
3.12.1 Simulation Snapshots
73
TRACE FILE
80
3.13.1 Packet Delivery Ratio
80
3.13.2 Packet Delay
80
3.13.3 Routing Overhead
80
3.14
TABLES
81
3.15
ANALYSIS USING X-GRAPH
84
3.15.1 Packet Delivery Ratio
84
3.15.2 Delay
85
3.13
3.16
PERFORMANCE OF AODV AND CAR DURING CONGESTION
85
3.16.1 Eliminating Low Priority Traffic in Conzone 87
.
xi CHAPTER NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
3.16.2 Eliminating Low Priority Traffic Around the Critical Area
3.17
4
88
3.16.3 Dynamic CAR
88
CONCLUSION
89
REAL-TIME PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF DISTRIBUTED ROUTING ALGORITHM WITH
5
CONTROLLED FLOODING IN AN LTE SWITCH
90
4.1
INTRODUCTION
90
4.2
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
94
4.2.1 Microengine 0:0
94
4.2.2 Microengine 0:1
95
4.2.3 Microengine 0:2
100
4.2.4 Microengine 0:3
102
4.3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
104
4.4
CONCLUSION
106
OPTIMAL PACKET SCHEDULING SCHEME BASED ON SCHEME UTILITY FUNCTION FOR
6
LTE SYSTEMS
107
5.1
INTRODUCTION
107
5.2
SCHEME UTILITY FUNCTION BASED SCHEDULING SCHEME
110
5.3
SIMULATION MODEL
116
5.4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
117
5.5
CONCLUSION
123
HETEROGENEOUS DELAY-POWER RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN UPLINK LTE
124
6.1
124
INTRODUCTION
.
xii CHAPTER NO. 6.2
TITLE
PAGE NO.
QUEUEING THEORY BASICS
125
6.2.1
126
SYSTEM MODEL
127
6.3.1 Power Criteria
129
6.3.2 Packet Delay Criteria
132
PROBLEM FORMULATION
133
6.4.1 Objective Functions and Variables
134
6.4.2 Constraints
135
6.5
RESOURCE ALLOCATION SOLUTION
136
6.6
NSGA II ADAPTED FOR THE PROBLEM
6.3
6.4
CONSIDERED 6.7
141
OVERVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY ALGORITHM 6.7.1 Multi-Objective Artificial Bee Colony
149 150
6.7.1.1 External Archives Set Updating Strategy
150
6.7.1.2 Modifications Of ABC Algorithm Based On Multi-Objective Problem
151
6.7.1.2.1 Employed Bees Phase
151
6.7.1.2.2 Probability Calculation 152 6.7.1.2.3 Select Mechanism
152
6.7.1.3 Local Search Strategy Based On Progressive Optimality Algorithm 153 6.7.1.4 Framework of MOABC
6.8 7
154
6.7.2 Simulation and Numerical Results
154
CONCLUSION
160
CONCLUSION
161
7.1
161
INTRODUCTION
xiii CHAPTER NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
7.2
CONTRIBUTIONS
162
7.3
SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
164
REFERENCES
165
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
173
.
xiv
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
2.1
Base Station Parameters
38
2.2
Mobile Station Parameters
38
3.1
Routing Request (RREQ)
49
3.2
Routing Reply (RREP)
49
3.3
Comparison of AODV / CAR
87
4.1
Initialization
93
4.2
Parameters
98
6.1
Summary of Notations
129
6.2
Least
Square Approximate Model Parameters
for BLER = 10%
131
.
xv
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
2.1
Route Discovery Time
40
2.2
Delay
41
2.3
Total Route Errors Sent
42
2.4
Total Packets Dropped
42
3.1
AODV Protocol Messaging
48
3.2
AODV Design
53
3.3
Architectural Design
60
3.4
Flow Diagram of the CONZONE Formation
61
3.5
Scenario
74
3.6
Beacons
74
3.7
Node 4 Sending Packets to Node 11
75
3.8
Node 11 Sending Packets to Node 18
75
3.9
Node 2 Sending Packets to Node 11
76
3.10
Node 18 Sending Packets to Node 27
76
3.11
Node 27 Sending Packets to Node 35
77
3.12
Node 3 Sending to Node 12 and Node 12 Sending to Node 19
77
3.13
Node 19 Sending Packets to Node 27
78
3.14
Node 27 Sending Packets to Sink 35
78
3.15
CONZONE - 1
79
3.16
CONZONE - 2
79
3.17
Trace File
81
3.18
Routing Table
81
3.19
Neighbour Table
82
.
xvi FIGURE NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
3.20
Comparison of Routing Table
83
3.21
Packet Delivery Ratio of CAR and AODV
84
3.22
Average End-to-End Delay of CAR and AODV
85
3.23
AODV During Congestion
86
3.24
CAR During Congestion
86
3.25
CAR+
88
4.1
Reception Of Packets In Network Processor
4.2
96
Reception of RREP Packet Using Processor
99
4.3
Proxy Setup
101
4.4
Proxy Continued
102
4.5
Transmission of Packets in Network Processor
4.6
Microengine Utilization in DRCF Algorithm
4.7
105
Microengine Utilization in TORA Algorithm
4.8
103
105
Microengine Utilization in DSR Algorithm
105
5.1
Levels of QoS Provisioning
108
5.2
Average Traffic Received
117
5.3
Packet End-to-End Delay
118
5.4
Voice Jitter In Seconds
119
5.5
MOS Value For Voice Environment
120
5.6
Average Video Traffic Received In
5.7
Bytes/Sec
121
Packet End-To-End Delay
121
.
xvii FIGURE NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
5.8
Overall LTE System Throughput
122
6.1
Queue Model
125
6.2
System Schematic
128
6.3
Flowchart Of Binary NSGA II Described As Adapted In This Study
6.4
The Procedure Of Local Search Based Progressive Optimally Algorithm
6.5
PDF Of Packet Delay
PDF Of Packet Delay
157 Two Users In The
Cell 6.7
158
Average Packet Delay For Different Values of MTBS
6.8
155
One User In The
Cell 6.6
144
158
Average Power Delay For Different Values Of MIBS
159
6.9
Measure Of Complexity Vs. MTBS
159
6.10
Average Power And Packet Delay Vs No Of Users
160
.
xviii
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
DSR
-
Dynamic Source Routing
TORA
-
Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm
AODV
-
Ad Hoc On-Demand Vector Routing
DRCF
-
Distributed Routing Algorithm With Controlled Flooding
WSN
-
Wireless Sensor Network
CAR
-
Congestion Aware Routing
RREQ
-
Route Request
RREP
-
Route Reply
RERR
-
Route Error
NAM
-
Network Animator
PDUs
-
Protocol Data Units
MTU
-
Maximum Transmission Unit
MDRR
-
Modified Deficit Round Robin
ToS
-
Type Of Service
MTMR
-
Multiple Transmit Multiple Receive
VOIP
-
Voice Over IP
POA
-
Progressive Optimality Algorithm
.
xix
-
i-th Eigen value
-
n x n Covariance Matrix
-
Weights for the Linear Transformation
-
Poisson Distribution
-
Population
-
Random Real
Pc
-
Crossover Probability
rnki
-
Non-Domination Rank
ki
-
No of user, user index
H
-
No of heater bits for packets
SCU
-
Service data unit size
qi,j
-
Queue size (No of available bits in queue) of user i
i
ui
p0 n m
and flow j L
-
Buffer Length
Ti,j
-
Service Data Rate Of User i And Flow j
ai,j
-
Arrival Packet Rate Of User i Into Buffer Of Flow j
N
-
Sub-Frame Index
J
-
Traffic Type (Flow) Index
Mm
-
No Of RBS, RB Index
Nk
-
Number Of Users
-
CINR Assigned To Each Round Which Varies As A Function Of Distance X.
A
-
Maximum Transmission Unit
h
-
Number Of Packets
.
xx di
-
Deficit Counter Value
C
-
Normalized System Capacity
Rij
-
Maximum Throughput
Sij
-
Average Data Rate
r0
-
Transmission Range
Ploss
-
Probability Of Receiving Erroneous Packets
-
Expected Number Of Arrivals
Ti
-
Transport Block Size
i
-
Effective SNR
m i
-
Instantaneous SNR Of Resource Block
qi, j
-
Average Queue Size
ai , j
-
Average Arrival Rate
d i, j
-
Average Packet Delay
W
-
Sliding Window Length
sim
-
Binary Indicator
Suggest Documents
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Read more
Table of Contents. List of Tables...4. List of Figures...5. List of abbreviations...6. Executive summary Background...21
Read more
TABLE OF CONTENTS. LIST OF FIGURES...ixx. LIST OF TABLES...xii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION... 1
Read more
List of Tables. List of Figures
Read more
List of Tables. List of Figures
Read more
List of symbols and abbreviations
Read more
List of Abbreviations and Symbols
Read more
List of Tables. List of Figures
Read more
Contents. List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgements
Read more
List of Figures and Tables
Read more
Table of Contents. List of Figures
Read more
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
Read more
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES
Read more
TABLE OF CONTENTS. LIST OF FIGURES... v. LIST OF TABLES...vii
Read more
TABLE OF CONTENTS. Summary.i List of Figures...iii List of Tables...iii
Read more
Table of Contents. Inside this issue: List of Tables: List of Figures:
Read more
Contents. List of tables
Read more
Contents List of Figures
Read more
List of figures List of tables Preface and acknowledgments
Read more
TABLE OF CONTENTS. Table of Contents... i. List of Figures... ii. List of Tables...iii. Acknowledgements... iv. Executive Summary
Read more
LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES
Read more
LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES
Read more
LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES
Read more
LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES
Read more
×
Report "TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS"
Your name
Email
Reason
-Select Reason-
Pornographic
Defamatory
Illegal/Unlawful
Spam
Other Terms Of Service Violation
File a copyright complaint
Description
×
Sign In
Email
Password
Remember me
Forgot password?
Sign In
Login with Google
Login with Facebook