Copper tube
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table of contents 1
Essence of action ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
2
The King Ω® set .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1
Element 1 – tube with arrowhead .................................................................................................................. 4
2.2
Element 2 – Steel tube with electrode .......................................................................................................... 5
2.3
Element 3 – isolated copper tube .................................................................................................................. 5
2.4
Element 4 – Steel tube ...................................................................................................................................... 5
2.5
Connector ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.6
Extension ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
2.7
RM-510 RUST MAKER ...................................................................................................................................... 6
2.8
Funnel ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.9
Ram (available as an accessory) ................................................................................................................... 7
3
Complete King of Copper set ................................................................................................................................. 7
4
Hubbing ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8
5
Why KING Ω®? ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
6
Benefits......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
7
6.1
Long-term potential for the discharge of lightning currents.................................................................. 9
6.2
Sustained decline of resistance ..................................................................................................................... 9
6.3
The connection between the copper vertical earthing and steel lighting elements ........................ 9
6.4
Reduced possibility of electrical shock in the earthing area ................................................................. 9
Examples .................................................................................................................................................................... 10 7.1
Example 1........................................................................................................................................................... 10
7.2
Example 2........................................................................................................................................................... 10
7.3
Example 3........................................................................................................................................................... 11
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1 Essence of action The essence of King Ω ® system is to improve the properties of the ground which surrounds the earthing immediately after insertion, by using the products of chemical reactions. Operation of earthing is based on use of steel corrosion process. Rust is the mixture of oxides and hydroxides of iron and it effectively lowers the resistance of the ground. Due to the porous structure and high surface area, these compounds have the ability to absorb water from the environment and the adsorption of ions on their surface. These features allow you to create stable conditions for certain relatively high conductivity of the soil in layers that do not exhibit these properties. Corrosion of steel which is a naturally occurring process is assisted by the RM-510 preparation. This preparation allows quick earthing connection with the ground, at the same time eliminates a gap formed between these elements during insertion. Several times greater volume of corrosion products formed from the steel eliminates soil compaction and earthing in close contact with the soil also excludes the coagulation of the latter, which prevents the formation of a glassy insulating layer between the earthing electrode and the environment, which would exclude further the usefulness of the application of this earthing.
2 The King Ω® set Construction of earthing consists of two main components: the active part of the earthing in the form of a copper rod and the auxiliary elements made of steel tubes. Copper rod ensures the efficiency of the earthing, with a constant resistance to surge currents. The second component is an auxiliary element, allowing recess earthing without damaging the copper rod, in the next step the element is subjected to dissolution, which contributes significantly to improve the electrical properties of the local soil.
2.1 Element 1 – tube with arrowhead It is composed of steel tube finished with arrowhead made of hardened steel and is the proper earthing element. Material
Diameter [mm]
Length [m]
Steel tube
Ø ext 22, Ø int 19
0,96
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2.2 Element 2 – Steel tube with electrode Consists of a hardened steel tube. In the steel tube is a copper tube with cross-section bigger than 50 mm 2 This is the main earthing electrode Material
Diameter [mm]
Lenght [m]
Steel tube with electrode
Ø außen 22
0,96
Ø innen 19
2.3 Element 3 – isolated copper tube The active part of the earthing is in the form of isolated tubes made of electrolytic copper (99.99% Cu). It consists of a tube with a cross-sectional area > 50mm2 and a brass sleeve pressings placed on its end. Further tube are connected by crimping sleeves previously mounted on the end of the tube using manual or electric press. Material
Isolated Copper tube
with a crosssectional area
Length [m]
>50mm2
1
2.4 Element 4 – Steel tube On one end of tube there is connector with external diameter of 19 mm. Material
Diameter [mm]
Length [m]
Steel tube
Ø ext 22
1
Ø int 19
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2.5 Connector Universal connector allowing to connect the earthing with steel and copper discharge ducts. Connection is made of a copper rod with a diameter of 8 mm ended with copper sleeve and a steel bar with a length of 200 mm and a diameter of 16 mm with a hole. Before drilling steel rod is hot-dip galvanized. Steel is overmoulded on copper rod in two places. Then, copper rod and steel rod are covered with heat shrink. Galvanized steel rod connects through dip galvanized connector with the rest the steel lightning system. Product Connector
2.6 Extension Copper rod used to make connection with connector easier. Product Extension
2.7 RM-510 RUST MAKER RM -510 Rust Maker is meant for stabilizing the vertical earthing work, while increasing its conductivity. It effects in the rapid formation of corrosion products. The reaction occurs immediately after contact between preparation and the iron for vertical earthing, the total reaction time is about 15 minutes. Selected composition of RM-510 accelerates naturally corrosion processes of steel occurring I the soil, continuously long after its application. The aim of the RM- 510 is to create an environment that allows to increase the contact between Earthing and the soil. The products resulting from the use of RM- 510 are natural, they mainly consist of iron oxides and hydroxides, and water , which means that the used product is safe for the environment. After the termination of reaction time which takes about 15 minutes, you can begin to install the connector. Product RM-510 preparation
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2.8 Funnel The set also includes a funnel made of plastic allowing safe application of the preparation in to earthing elements. The bottle containing the specimen is screwed onto a funnel. Then the other end of the funnel is placed in the channel of earthing auxiliary elements and allows RM-510 to flow down. Product Funnel made of plastic
2.9 Ram (available as an accessory) The ram is used for hubbing the earthing into the ground. Works with hammers with SDS. Product Ram
3 Complete King of Copper set Product
Qty.
Tube with arrowhead
1
Steel tube with electrode Isolated copper tube
4
Tube
4
RM-510 RUST MAKER
1
Connector
1
Extension
1
Funnel
1
Ram (available as an accessory)
1
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4 Hubbing Involves hammering the earthing elements using the impact hammer. After assembling the earthing, RM-510 RUST MAKER preparation is poured in the auxiliary elements channel. The first step is to make recess in installation place. The first should be element 1 - tube with arrowhead. After hubbing to proper depth we take element 2 – tube with electrode and put it in the element 1. (hammer element 2 into the ground) After reaching proper depth we take copper tube and press it (sleeve) in two or three places, using electric or manual crimping.
After assembling copper element we take steel tube (depending on the needs, with holes or not) and continue hammering. Next steps are made in the same way. After complete assembly pour the RM-510 preparation to earthing channel using a funnel and wait about 15 minutes. After this time the reaction should be done, then you can continue installation and assemble connector or drain line.
5 Why KING Ω®? • • • • • • • • •
Ensures sufficiently low resistance value Reduced possibility of electrical shock in the earthing area (for houses, street lamps) A high resistance to surge currents Low resistance variation between summer and winter It prevents the coagulation of soil Determines the stability of the electrical parameters in a long time operation Allows you to significantly reduce costs by limiting earthworks and reducing the length and number of electrodes Can be performed on a small area It is safe for the environment
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6 Benefits 6.1 Long-term potential for the discharge of lightning currents After RM-510 application, the active part of the combined copper earthing rods is covered with micron layer of patina that guarantees resistance to corrosion of the metal (copper rod). The protecting layer will not change the conductivity of copper. This allows the earthing operation in a wide range of time without losing its properties. At the same time, the steel corrosion products create a perfect soil environment for earthing by ambient compaction due to greater volume of rost in relation to steel from which it was created. Important role in the stabilization play corrosion products characteristics of being able to absorb water and ion-binding. These features limit to minimum the risk of coagulation of soil in contact with the earthing electrode.
6.2 Sustained decline of resistance Application of King Ω ® allows you to achieve a sustainable decrease of resistance. With a well-stabilized earthing, resistance value can only be reduced. Resistance measurement of King Ω ® made immediately after hubbing are the same range as the classic steel earthing electrode placed in the same place and depth. Usage of the product RM-510 can significantly reduce the resistance. This value depends primarily on the soil type. The largest decrease in this parameter was observed in areas with high resistivity and amounted to several tens of percent. Field trials have shown that the best results are achieved when it was installed during a drought in arid areas. The effect of sustained decrease of resistance allows to create not only sustainable earthing, but also often cheaper and less laborious to install system.
6.3 The connection between the copper vertical earthing and steel lighting elements At the point where the copper elements are in contact with steel, electrochemical processes occur that degrade the steel. These effect occur even when these metals are separated from each other by a few centimeters. Therefore, conflict-free connection eliminates this risk by what constitutes an essential element in the construction of this type of installation and is an integral part of each King Ω ® set.
6.4 Reduced possibility of electrical shock in the earthing area Innovative construction of King Ω ® set allows to reduce potential of electrical shock in the area surrounding earthing. Isolated elements conduct the lightning to the proper element of earthing (copper rod with diameter of 15mm in the first earthing element). That gives save 5-6 m distance between active element of earthing and ground surface. This distance secures humans standing in the earthing area, eg. near the house or street lamp.
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7 Examples 7.1 Example 1 Location: Siersza; Górny Śląsk Characteristics: Sandy mountain in the vicinity of the sand pit Jaworzno-Szczakowa, the depth of the mine is a few meters Object: High voltage Mast The required resistance: 8.0 Ω The existing installation based on galvanized hoop 4x25mm
Previous installation
New King Ω™ earthing
Resistance: 44,0 Ω
Resistance: 8,1 Ω
To achieve the required resistance, developing the installation twice would have been necessary.
After 5 Months: 8,0 Ω
7.2 Example 2 Location: Kobiernice Śląskie Characteristics: Rocky soil on the sandy soil, moist without electrolytes Object: Pylons between the dam Sola The required resistance: 10.0 Ω Nobody wanted to do the installation because of the high resistance of the soil
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New King Ω™ earthing Resistance: 7,9 Ω After 2 years: 6,5 Ω
7.3 Example 3 Location: Sierków; Górny Śląsk Characteristics: Sandy hills adjacent sand pit Jaworzno-Szczakowa Object: Earthing of Pharmacy The required resistance: 4,5 Ω Breakdown of the earthing after sewerage works and pedestrian zone reconstruction.
Previous installation
New King Ω™ earthing
Resistance: 233 Ω
Resistance: 3,4 Ω Demolition of pedestrian zone on the 20 m2 could be avoided.
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Porotcol nr : 318/10/1 Measurement of earthing resistance after repair (using King Ohm) 110kV line S-318 Bolesławiec – Jankowa Żagańska
1. Object:
2. Measurement conditions: sunny, dry 2.1 Earth:
mixed, rocky, sandy, loamy, humus
2.2 Measurement method: technical 2.3 Device:
resistance measurement device MRU-101
2.4 Earth resistance:
>1000 Ω
3. Measurements:
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No.
Object
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
pole No. 76 pole No. 77 pole No. 78 pole No. 79 pole No. 80 pole No. 81 pole No. 82 pole No. 83 pole No. 84 pole No. 85 pole No. 86 pole No. 87 pole No. 88 pole No. 89 pole No. 90 pole No. 91 pole No. 92 pole No. 93 pole No. 94 pole No. 95 pole No. 96 pole No. 97 pole No. 98 pole No. 99 pole No. 100 pole No. 101 pole No. 102 pole No. 103
Measurements Measured [Ω] Required [Ω] 13,20 15 8,80 15 13,80 15 9,80 15 8,75 15 7,62 15 11,40 15 10,70 15 12,80 15 10,80 15 14,70 15 13,80 15 14,80 15 11,60 15 13,50 15 12,10 15 14,00 15 14,10 15 13,00 15 13,80 15 9,60 15 9,20 15 8,43 15 14,80 15 11,00 15 11,00 15 10,10 15 10,10 15
Rating positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive
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Porotcol nr : 318/10/1 Measurement of earthing resistance after repair (using King Ohm) 110kV line S-318 Bolesławiec – Jankowa Żagańska
1. Object:
2. Measurement conditions: sunny, dry 2.1 Earth:
mixed, rocky, sandy, loamy, humus
2.2 Measurement method: technical 2.3 Device:
resistance measurement device MRU-101
2.4 Earth resistance:
>1000 Ω
3. Measurements: No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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Object pole No. 104 pole No. 105 pole No. 106 pole No. 107 pole No. 108 pole No. 109 pole No. 110 pole No. 111 pole No. 112 pole No. 113 pole No. 114 pole No. 115 pole No. 116 pole No. 117 pole No. 118 pole No. 119 pole No. 120 pole No. 121 pole No. 122 pole No. 123 pole No. 124 pole No. 125 pole No. 126 pole No. 127 pole No. 128 pole No. 129 pole No. 130 pole No. 131
Measurements Measured [Ω] Required [Ω] 6,43 15 9,72 15 9,45 15 9,46 15 9,76 15 9,11 15 9,79 15 10,40 15 10,20 15 9,81 15 10,30 15 8,34 15 5,65 15 9,51 15 6,65 15 9,61 15 9,39 15 9,58 15 10,20 15 9,91 15 9,13 15 10,30 15 9,57 15 7,38 15 10,30 15 10,20 15 10,20 15 9,21 15
Rating positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive positive
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