Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica

Systematics of Dasyphyllum (Asteraceae)

Mariana M. Saavedra

Elsie F. Guimarães e Rafaela C. Forzza

Barnadesioideae • Synapomorphies: – axillary spines – barnadesioids trichomes • Restricted distribution in South America • 9 genus and 85 species – Dasyphyllum (33 spp.) – Chuquiraga (23 spp.) – Barnadesia (19 spp.) – Arnaldoa (3 spp.) – Doniophyton (2 spp.) – Fulcaldea (2 spp.) – Duseniella, Huarpea e Schlechtendalia (1 spp.)

Dasyphyllum vagans

Funk et al. 2009

Dasyphyllum Kunth  Kunth (1820) – D. argenteum  Cabrera (1959) – Dasyphyllum

• 36 species (34 new combinations)  Infrageneric classification sensu Cabrera Dasyphyllum subg. Archydasyphyllum

• 2 species • D. diacanthoides (Less.) Cabrera • D. excelsum (D.Don) Cabrera)

D. diacanthoides

• Trees • Pinnate leaves • Anthers’ apical appendage obtuse or emarginate

Stuessy et al. 1996

Dasyphyllum sensu Cabrera (1959) Dasyphyllum subg. Dasyphyllum

Section Microcephala (=Dasyphyllum) • Small and numerous heads • 27 species, 6 varieties

• Trees or shrubs • Trinerved leaves • Anthers’ apical appendages bilobed

Section Macrocephala • Large and solitaries or few heads • 11 species, 2 varieties

D. sprengelianum

Stuessy et al. 1996

Stuessy et al. 1996

D. spinescens

Morphological phylogeny Urtubey & Stuessy 2001 • 52 of 88 species of the subfamily • 29 spp. Dasyphyllum • 31 morphological characters • 13 characters are informative to Dasyphyllum

Infrageneric classification of Dasyphyllum: * = subg. Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum ** = subg. Dasyphyllum sect. Macrocephala *** = subg. Archydasyphyllum

Molecular phylogeny Gustafsson et al. (2001)

 Dasyphyllum is paraphyletic  Both subgenera are monophyletic  Corroborated by Gruenstaeudl et al. (2009)

Molecular phylogeny Gustafsson et al. (2001)

Dasyphyllum subg. Dasyphyllum

 Dasyphyllum hystrix

Dasyphyllum sect. Macrocephala is monophyletic

Objectives • To propose a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationship among the genus’ species as a tool for testing the infrageneric classification • Taxonomic treatment of Dasyphyllum – Revision of Dasyphyllum sect. Macrocephala – Synopsis of Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum (=Microcephala). D. spinescens

D. brasiliense

Phylogeny • Morphological  39 taxa  67 characters  215 trees  CI = 0,29  RI = 0,53 Dasyphyllum sect. Macrocephala Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum

Macrocephala

Dasyphyllum diacanthoides/ D. excelsum

Strict consensus

Majority consensus

Phylogeny • Combined (ITS1, 5.8S e ITS2 Gustafsson et al. 2001)

 21 taxa

 733 characters  36 trees  CI = 0,60  RI = 0,68

Heuristic search – strict consensus

branch and bound

Taxonomic treatment of Dasyphyllum  33 species, with 5 new species  2 sections, 3 species of uncertain position  153 binomials, 72 basionyms and 95 typi  29 new synonyms proposed

 28 lectotypi  3 neotypi  2 epitypi

Dasyphyllum

D. vagans D. reticulatum

D. spinescens

D. spinescens D. vagans

Dasyphyllum

D. trichophyllum

Acrodromous basal

D. globosum

Acrodromous suprabasal

D. diacanthoides

Pinnate

Dasyphyllum

D. littorale D. diamantinense

D. sprengelianum

D. donianum

D. leptacanthum

Dasyphyllum style

anthers

Dasyphyllum Monoecious

Gynodioecious

Revision of Dasyphyllum sect. Macrocephala  6 species  typifications:  10 lectotypi  1 epitypus  Morphology  Monoecious plants  Involucre >25mm  Solitary heads  Leaves 3 or 5 primary ribs

Stuessy et al. 1996

D. cryptocephalum (Baker) Cabrera D. donianum (Gardner) Cabrera = D. infundibulare (Baker) Cabrera = D. latifolium (Gardner) Cabrera D. fodinarum (Gardner) Cabrera D. reticulatum (DC.) Cabrera = D. reticulatum var. robustum Domke = D. lanosum Cabrera D. sprengelianum (Gardner) Cabrera = D. candolleanum (Gardner) Cabrera = D. sprengelianum var. inermis (Gardner) Cabrera = D. velutinum (Baker) Cabrera D. trichophyllum (Baker) Cabrera

D. cryptocephalum

D. fodinarum

D. trichophyllum

Botumirim (MG) Serra do Caraça (MG)

D. donianum

D. reticulatum

D. sprengelianum

Gouveia (MG)

Correntina (BA) Itapanhoacanga (MG)

Synopsis of Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum  24 species  14 spp. in Brazil (5 sp. nov.)  10 spp. in Andes  typifications 15 lectotypi  3 neotypi  1 epitypus  Morphology  Ginodioecious plants  Involucre