Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium at the 18th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2016), and Asia-Pacific Forum of Information Schools (APIS 2016) December 6th, 2016

System-Based Information Behavior Model: A Research Proposal Wachira Yangyuen Management of Information Technology, School of Informatics, Walailak University, Thailand [email protected]

Supervisor: Siwanath Nuntapichai Digital Information Management, School of Informatics, Walailak University, Thailand [email protected]

Supervisor: Thimaporn Phetkaew Software Engineering, School of Informatics, Walailak University, Thailand [email protected] ABSTRACT This study was illustrated a conceptual idea of the new information behavior (IB) model in perspective of system approach. Information technology has developed and changed society in digital format. As a result, human information behavior has changed as well. Therefore, we have a research question that is how do we create and develop an appropriate information behavior model in the digital environment by applying modern information technologies. So, this research is aimed to study in 3 issues: (1) to explore storing, tracking, analyzing, prediction and recommendation methods for supporting IB in digital context; (2) to find the eligible data mining technique that can be applied for supporting IB model; (3) to develop a new IB Model based on system approach. The research methodologies are designed as follow: (1) document analysis is used to analyze and synthesis the traditional IB and is used to select the eligible data mining technique for IB research; (2) data mining technique analysis is applied to consider and select the suitable technique; (3) IB model evaluation will be applied to the conceptual framework that summarize from step 1 and 2 to existing system. Finally, the research results will be discovered in 3 issues namely: (1) the suitable data mining technique with information and process required to design and implement IB model, which is enable to understand user behavior that has been dramatically changing by the digital context; (2) the standard structure of log file to monitoring, analyzing, prediction and recommendation for user IB in the digital context; (3) the System-based IB model will be developed to support, describe, and understand the IB of user in the digital context.

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Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium at the 18th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2016), and Asia-Pacific Forum of Information Schools (APIS 2016) December 6th, 2016

Keywords: System-based Information Behavior; Information Behavior; Information Seeking Behavior; Information Search Behavior; Data Mining; Log file INTRODUCTION One of major research area continuing along in the information science is the information behavior (IB) that has many researchers studied and presented models and frameworks for various applications. Whereas today information technology has been developed and changed dramatically, especially in the context of the digital environment that produced the new innovations and the social media in a variety of formats. New inventions were portable and easy to carry anywhere, the users could access digital information at any time. So, that technology has made human life easier and more comfortable. Based on the convenience and modern technology that affected information behavior of user, information needs, information sources, information seeking, and information use has been changed dramatically. Based on different human living and lifestyle, various format of electronic resources and information systems, and diverse conditions, those brought to research problems. The research problem is how to storing, tracking, analyzing, and predicting information behavior of user in the digital context environment more quickly and more clearly. And another research problem is information behavior of users had differed and personalized. So, how solved to this problem. From review study found that research on information behavior has proposed a model or framework of behavior a lot and are applied in information systems and applications in a variety of formats. However, with the advancement of digital technology is changing rapidly, so the research studies to determine the information behavior model to suit the digital environment is necessary. Regarding to our preliminary study, our purpose is aimed to analyze and synthesize the traditional IB model, such as process, strength, weakness, similarity, and difference. The result found that the traditional IB models does not support all of present human behaviors and need to be improved IB model processes. Especially in digital context, it is important to consider the lifestyle in human information behavior, as well as to improve its processes by applied the data mining technique in storing, tracking, analyzing, prediction and recommendation with IB model based on system approach. Data mining is about processing data and identifying patterns and trends in that information and data mining can analyze big data to information systems and the applications to working more efficiently and meet the needs of the user. In addition, this study also found that most information system has not designed to collect and store data user's usage history (log file) in order to learn, understand, predict and recommend the IB for user. For all these reasons, this study is focused on three major parts. The first part will be studied whether there is a way to storing, tracking, analyzing and predicting human information behavior in digital context for perspective system approach. This method is stored user's usage history (log file) that be standardized and can be applied with data mining approaches. The second part will be analyzed and find data mining techniques that can be applied to information behavior model and which data mining techniques can be comparing, predicting, and presenting of behavior that appropriately and quickly. And the final part is presented a new information behavior model based on perspective system approach and can applied in information system. 18

Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium at the 18th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2016), and Asia-Pacific Forum of Information Schools (APIS 2016) December 6th, 2016

RESEARCH QUESTION This study seeks to answer the following research questions: 1. How to build and develop the way of storing, tracking, analyzing, and predicting of human information behavior in a digital context environment more quickly and more clearly? 2. The method of data mining techniques can be used to analyze human information behavior in the digital context or not? RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to study in 3 issues: 1. To explore storing, tracking, analyzing, prediction and recommendation methods for supporting IB in digital context; 2. To find the eligible data mining technique that can be applied for supporting IB model; 3. To develop a new Information Behavioral Model based on system approach.

SCOPE OF RESEARCH This research will establish a new information behavior model in perspective of system approach that can be applied in 3 steps: 1. Analyzing and finding methods of data mining techniques that can be applied to information behavior model and the methods can be recommending, predicting, and comparing the similarities of information needs; 2. Analyzing and determining data structure for user's usage history (log file) to appropriated of information behavior model; 3. Developing information behavioral model that is the framework for applied the automation library system or database online system. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK The research framework for this study comes from the library sciences and information technology, focusing on factors that assist in understanding human behavior. Within the arena of data mining technology acceptance, there are numerous principal methods that have been used in explaining determinants of usage behavior, as well as varied attempts to create new models information behavior and present parsimonious alternatives. A brief overview of research framework applicable to this study follows.

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Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium at the 18th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2016), and Asia-Pacific Forum of Information Schools (APIS 2016) December 6th, 2016

Analyzed, synthesized and tested of related components - Data mining techniques - Structure of user’s usage history (log file)

1. Approaches of data mining techniques using in processes of model

- Online database or Library automation system

2. Standard structure of log files 3. A new System-Based Information Behavior Model 4. Evaluation framework (model) with information system

Studied and analyzed information behavior model - Processes and Stages - Applying in digital context environment - Traditional IB model

Figure 1. A conceptual framework of research

CONTRIBUTIONS The study derived its importance from the belief that: 1. Data mining techniques that can be applied to information behavior model and the methods can be recommending, predicting, and supporting of user’s information needs; 2. A conceptual framework of a new Information Behavior Model can be applied to use in information system such as library automation system or online database system. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Researchers have determined and proceeded of methodologies or approaches in this study were as follows: 1. Document analysis is used to analyze and synthesize the traditional IB and select the eligible data mining technique for IB research. Document analyze has process works is; the first step is determined to the issues study analysis; the next step is determined to objectives and purposes of the comparative analysis after that defined to scope and terms of research; And the final step is gathered to relevant documents, after that analyzed to the document and summarized to the results; 2. Data mining technique is applied to consider and select the suitable technique, such as, association rule, data classification, data clustering, prediction, etc. Then to be applied and used data mining techniques to become part of information behavior model for system approach;

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Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium at the 18th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2016), and Asia-Pacific Forum of Information Schools (APIS 2016) December 6th, 2016

3. Information system testing will be applied to the conceptual framework that summarize from step 1 and 2 to existing system, which may selected from either library automation system or online database.

EXPECTED OUTCOME / BENEFITS OF RESEARCH The research result will be discovered in 4 issues namely: 1. The comparative review describes strengths and weaknesses of the traditional IB model; 2. The eligible data mining technique with information and process required to design and implement IB model, which is enable to understand user behavior that has been dramatically changing by the digital context; 3. The standard structure of log files to monitoring, analyzing, prediction and recommendation for user IB in the digital context; 4. The System-based IB model will be developed to support, describe, and understand the IB of user in the digital context. CONCLUSION We hope that the proposed IB model can be applied with various online database systems and library automation systems and we also hope that our proposed design of user's usage history structure (Log files Standard) can be helpful for analyzing user information behavior. REFERENCES [1] A. Spink, Information behavior: An evolutionary instinct, Springer Science & Business Media, 2010. [2] A. Spink, and M. Zimmer, Web search: Multidisciplinary perspectives, Springer Science & Business Media, 2008. [3] A. Spink, and T. Saracevic, “Interactive Information Retrieval: Sources and Effectiveness of Search Terms during Mediated Online Searching,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 48, pp. 741–761, 1997. [4] Bates, M.J., “Design of Browsing and Berrypicking Techniques for the Online Search Interface,” Online Review, 13(5), 407–424., 1989. [5] Choo, C.W., Detlor, B., and Turnbull, D., “A behavioral model of information seeking on the Web: Preliminary results of a study of how managers and IT specialists use the Web,” Proceedings of the ASIS Annual Meeting, vol. 35, pp. 290–302, 1998. [6] Choo, C.W., Detlor, B., and Turnbull, D., “Information Seeking on the Web: An Integrated Model of Browsing and Searching,” First Monday, vol. 5, no. 2, Feb. 2000. Available: http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue5_2/choo/index.html [7] Ellis D., “A Behavioural Model for Information Retrieval System Design,” Journal of Information Science, vol. 15, no. 4/5, pp.237-247, 1989. [8] Ellis D., D. Cox, and K. Hall., “A Comparison of the Information Seeking Patterns of Researchers in the Physical and Social Sciences,” Journal of Documentation, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 356-369, 1993. 21

Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium at the 18th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2016), and Asia-Pacific Forum of Information Schools (APIS 2016) December 6th, 2016

[9] Ingwersen P., “Cognitive Perspectives of Information Retrieval Interaction: Elements of a Cognitive IR Theory,” Journal of Documentation, vol. 52, pp. 3–50, 1996. [10] Kuhlthau CC., “Inside the Search Process: Information Seeking from the User’s Perspective,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 42, pp. 361–371, 1991. [11] Marchionini G., Information-seeking in Electronic Environments, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. [12] Meho, L.I., and Haas, S.W. “Information-seeking Behavior and Use of Social Science Faculty studying Stateless Nations: A case study,” Library & Information Science Research, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 5–25, 2001. [13] Meho, L.I., and H.R. Tibbo, “Modeling the Information-Seeking Behavior of Social Scientists: Ellis’s Study Revisited,” Journal of The American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 570–587, 2003. [14] Spink A, Saracevic T., “Interactive Information Retrieval: Sources and Effectiveness of Search Terms during Mediated Online Searching,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 48, pp. 741–761, 1997. [15] Wilson, T. D., “Information Behaviour: An Interdisciplinary Perspective,” Information Processing and Management, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 551-572, 1997. [16] Wilson, T. D., “Models in Information Behaviour Research,” Journal of Documentation, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 249-270, 1999. [17] Wilson, T. D., “Human Information Behaviour,” Informing Science, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 4956, 2000.

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