SWITCH: Implementing Cisco IP Switched Networks Course 1 - Network Design

SWITCH: Implementing Cisco IP Switched Networks Course 1 - Network Design Slide 1 SWITCH: IMPLEMENTING CISCO IP SWITCHED NETWORKS Course 1 - Networ...
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SWITCH: Implementing Cisco IP Switched Networks Course 1 - Network Design

Slide 1

SWITCH: IMPLEMENTING CISCO IP SWITCHED NETWORKS Course 1 - Network Design

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Slide 2

Cisco Hierarchical Model 

Problems with a flat network No scalability  Broadcast storms 



Cisco Hierarchical Network Access  Distribution  Core 

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Slide 3

Hierarchical Design (eNotes)

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Slide 4

Access Layer  

Entry point to the network Converges different types of traffic 



Voice, Data, Video

Can introduce security at this layer 802.1X  VACLs 



Support for multicast

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Slide 5

Distribution Layer    

Traffic Aggregation Routing Redundancy design Polices: ACLs  QoS  Filtering 

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Slide 6

Core Layer     

Designed for High Speed Traffic Also an aggregation point Redundancy Fast Convergence Future Growth

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Slide 7

Collapsed Core Option  

The Distribution Layer can also act as the Core This depends on the hardware and topology

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Slide 8

Collapsed Core (eNotes)

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Slide 9

Types of Switches 

Core 



Distribution 



Cisco Catalyst 6800 series Cisco Catalyst 3850 series

Access 

Cisco 2960-X Series

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Slide 10

Routed vs. Switched Architecture (eNotes)

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Slide 11

Layer 2 Switching 

The switch (assuming ethernet) is only going to consider the MAC address for forwarding information. 

CAM Table

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Slide 12

Other Switching Tables  

CAM TCAM ACLs  QoS 



Hardware based speed of forwarding

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Slide 13

Multilayer Switching at the Access Layer 

Switches can make forwarding decisions based on the IP address CAM  TCAM 

 



QoS ACL

FIB

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Slide 14

How the Frame is Re-written at L3 

The Layer 2 portion is re-written after a routing function.

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Slide 15

Cisco Distributed Hardware Model 

In MLS, there are two architectures: 

Control Plane  



Routing Protocol Routing Table

Data Plane 

FIB (IP Routing Table)

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Slide 16

Switching Methods 

Process Switching 



Fast Switching 



Slowest but less errors Faster – switches the first packet and uses the results for future frames in that flow

CEF Topology Based  Fastest, but does have limitations 

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Slide 17

Switching Methods (eNotes)

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Slide 18

Route Caching 

Once called Route once, switch many MAC must be that of default gateway  Information on routing is stored in hardware 

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Slide 19

Topology-based Switching   

Central FIB built by CEF Per-destination load balancing This is the current method

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Slide 20

What is SDM 

Memory and Resources can be re-allocated based on your needs 



This is something you would see on the 3560 and 3750 Catalyst Switch.

You can choose how much memory to allocate for different services.

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Slide 21

The New CDP 

LLDP is an open-sourced version of the original CPD protocol. Allows for the discovery of non-cisco devices in the network  IEEE 802.1AB 

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Slide 22

Turning on LLDP 





From the global configuration, you’d type lldp run Turning it off per interface is also allowed, from the interface configuration, use no lldp enable. Verifying it’s enabled, show lldp

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Slide 23

Supplying Device Power 

POE adds the ability to add on network devices without having an electrician. Great when also backed up by UPS/Generators  Used for IP Phones, Access Points, and other devices. 

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Slide 24

What Power Options You Have 

Power Adapters Not on the UPS/Generator usually  More expense to buy an adapter 



PoE Switch Supports remote management  Easy installation 



Power Injector 

Again, much like a power adapter

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Slide 25

What can be Powered?    

APs IP Phones Surveillance cameras Can power a device up to 100m away

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Slide 26

PoE Standards  

Cisco Inline Power (2000) IEEE 802.3af standard (2003) 



15.4W per port

IEEE 802.3at standard (2009) 

Up to 25.5W per port, 50W or more if using 4 pairs of wires

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Slide 27

PoE (eNotes)

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Slide 28

PoE Negotiation IEEE Power Class

Minimum power output Notes

0

15.4W

Default Class

1

4W

Optional class

2

7W

Optional Class

3

15.4W

Optional Class

4

51W

Valid for 802.3at devices, not for 802.3af devices

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Slide 29

Configuring PoE 

Each interface can have PoE enabled/disabled with the command: 



Power inline (auto|never)

Verify PoE with show power inline command

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Review Questions: 1. At which of the three hierarchical layers does an end system attach itself to your network? A. Core B. Distribution C. Collapsed Core D. Access 2. The Distribution layer is used to forward data based on which of the following? A. IP routing B. MAC address table C. ACLs D. QoS 3. Which Distribution layer policy would help give preference to voice/video packets at points where traffic aggregation occurs? A. ACL B. QoS C. Routing policies D. VACL 4. Which of the three hierarchical layers would be described as being focused on high-speed forwarding of traffic, and would include redundancy and fast convergence? A. Core B. Distribution C. Access D. None of the above 5. True or False: The Collapsed Core option is the combination of the Core and Access layers. A. True B. False 6. Layer 2 switching only considers which of the following to make forwarding decisions (assuming Ethernet for the protocol)? A. MAC address found in the routing table B. MAC address found in the TCAM table C. MAC address found in the CAM table D. MAC address of the switch interface

7. Which of the following switching tables would store information about ACLs and/or QoS policies? A. CAM B. MAC C. TCAM D. Routing 8. A Multilayer switch can make forwarding decisions for which of the following (assuming Ethernet)? A. MAC B. Circuit ID C. Classification D. IP address E. A & B F. B & C G. A & D 9. True or False: When a frame is sent to a router for routing on the IP address, the original Layer 2 portion of the frame will be re-written (while assuming Ethernet). A. True B. False 10. The routing protocol communications and routing table are created in which of the following hardware architectures? A. Data plane B. Backbone fabric C. Control plane D. FIB

Answer Key: 1. D Cisco defines the Access layer as the point of attachment to all end devices. 2. A Even though we use the term Multilayer (or Distribution layer) switch, the decisions on how to forward traffic is made on IP routing tables. 3. B QoS is the policy that can help you in creating a policy to give different preferences to certain types of traffic when it comes to forwarding. 4. A The Core layer is defined as being your high-speed backbone. 5. B False. The Collapsed Core is the combination of the Core and Distribution layers. 6. C The association of the destination MAC address to port is found in the CAM table, and it is this table that the L2 switch uses for forwarding traffic. 7. C The TCAM table will store the policies that affect how a frame is going to be filtered or forwarded with QoS. 8. G Multilayer switches can forward based on MAC or IP, which would be either Layer 2 or Layer 3. This is why it’s designated a Multilayer switch. 9. A True. The Ethernet portion of the frame is re-written after a routing decision is made, and the egress interface is determined. 10. C The control plane handles the communication of the routing protocols, then after collecting routing information from neighbors, calculates the routing table. This is then sent into the data plane as a FIB.