Swedish Biotechnology – scientific publications, patenting and industrial development Anna Sandström, IVA & Lennart Norgren, VINNOVA

VINNOVA Analysis VA 2003:2

TITLE/TITEL: AUTHOR/FÖRFATTARE: SERIES/SERIE: ISBN: ISSN: PUBLISHED/PUBLICERAD: PUBLISHER/UTGIVARE: RECORD NO/DIARIENR:

Swedish Biotechnology – scientific publications, patenting and industrial development Anna Sandström, IVA & Lennart Norgren, VINNOVA VINNOVA Analysis VA 2003:2 91-89588-92-4 1651-355X April 2003 VINNOVA – Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems/ Verket för innovationssystem 2002-02362

Swedish Biotechnology scientific publications, patenting and industrial development

av Anna Sandström, IVA & Lennart Norgren, VINNOVA

Preface Innovation plays a pivotal role in creating economic growth and a competitive economy. Public measures that are intended to stimulate innovativeness and growth should take into account the specific conditions that apply to different innovation systems. Analysis of different innovation systems makes it possible to understand what conditions underlie, enhance, or impede innovation and growth and how these conditions differ from system to system. This leads to a stronger foundation for policy measures by which the present innovation systems may be stimulated to bring about better competitiveness and increased growth. The present study updates parts of a previous report on the Swedish biotechnology innovation system1. The aim of the previous report was to identify forces that enhance or impede innovation and growth in order to facilitate the identification of public measures that would promote growth in the Swedish biotechnology innovation system. The present report presents an update on the development of Swedish scientific publication patterns, Swedish patenting in the US patent system, number of employees, turnover, equity/assets ratio and net profits/losses of Swedish biotech companies as well as an analysis of the geographic distribution of the biotech industry. This report has been jointly produced by VINNOVA (The Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems) and IVA (The Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences). Anna Sandström IVA and Lennart Norgren VINNOVA authored the report. Jonny Ullström VINNOVA compiled the statistical data for the biotech industry.

Per Eriksson Director General VINNOVA

1

Lena Torell President IVA

Sandström et al, The Swedish biotechnology innovation system, VINNOVA, VF 2001:2

Content Summary .................................................................................................. 5 1

Introduction....................................................................................... 9

2

Methodology ................................................................................... 10 2.1 Swedish papers in Science Citation Index ............................................ 10 2.2 Swedish patents in the US patent system.............................................. 14 2.3 Interviews, conferences and seminars................................................... 16 2.4 Biotechnology companies ..................................................................... 16

3

Swedish research in life science fields ........................................ 18 3.1 Sweden as a producer of life science articles........................................ 19 3.2 The impact of the articles...................................................................... 20 3.3 The Swedish science system ................................................................. 25 3.3.1 Public research organisations ..................................................... 25 3.3.2 Firms and industrial research institutes ...................................... 27 3.3.3 Collaboration between research organisations ........................... 29 3.4 Summary and concluding remarks........................................................ 31

4

Patenting in biotechnology, medical and pharmaceutical fields ................................................................................................ 35 4.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 35 4.2 Swedish patenting in the US patent system in international comparison ........................................................................................ 37 4.3 Patent ownership ................................................................................... 39 4.4 Export of Swedish patents..................................................................... 42 4.5 Summary and concluding remarks........................................................ 44

5

The Swedish biotech industry ....................................................... 46 5.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 46 5.2 International comparison....................................................................... 48 5.3 Description of the industry and its sectors ............................................ 50 5.3.1 Agrobiotechnology ..................................................................... 50 5.3.2 Bioproduction ............................................................................. 51 5.3.3 Biotech tools & supplies............................................................. 52 5.3.4 Environmental biotechnology..................................................... 53 5.3.5 Functional food & feed............................................................... 54 5.3.6 Pharmaceuticals & medicine ...................................................... 55 5.4 Development of the Industry................................................................. 60 5.4.1 Industrial structure ...................................................................... 61 5.4.2 Turnover and equity/assets ratio................................................. 65 5.4.3 Industrial dynamic ...................................................................... 68 5.5 Regional dynamic ................................................................................. 73 5.6 Seed financing and venture capital ....................................................... 75

5.6.1 Early stage financing .................................................................. 76 5.6.2 Venture capital............................................................................ 78 5.7 Summary and concluding remarks........................................................ 81 Appendix ................................................................................................ 85 A

Small and medium-sized biotech companies (500; and n/a means that we had no information available or that there are many fields of application.

2

The subsidiary Active Biotech Research AB is included in Active Biotech AB.

3

Biofactor Therapeutics AB has since 2001 merged with Melacure Therapeutics

4

Vicore AB was previously named Pharmacore AB

88

Table A2. Drug delivery Size Company class1

Business area, R&D activities, and/or products

B

Amarin Development AB2

n/a

D

Bioglan AB

Parenteral programmed release technology especially well suited for proteins and peptides

B

Camurus AB

Lipid based drug formulations for substances difficult to dissolve

A

Epiport Pain Relief AB

Pain releif drug delivery through skin

A

Eurocine AB

Nasal vaccines for human and veterinary applications

A

Galenica AB

n/a

B

Lipocore AB

Lipid based drug formulations

A

Medinvent AB

n/a

B

Microdrug Development

Inhaler especially for biopharmaceuticals

A

Pharmatrix AB

Nasal vaccines for human and veterinary applications

B

Ponsus Pharma AB

Dermatology

1

Classes according to the number of employees in each company: A: 1-9 (1-5); B: 10-49; C: 50-99; D: 100-199; E: 200-499; F:>500; and n/a means that we had no information available.

2

Former name: Ethical Pharmaceuticals.

89

Table A3. Diagnostics Size Company class1

Business area / Field of application

A

Alimenta Diagnostica AB

Allergy

B

Biodisk AB

Microbiology (choice of antibiotic)

B

Biopool AB

Hemostasis, cardiovascular disease.

B

Boule Diagnostics International2

Microbiology

B

CanAg AB

Immunoassays, cancer

B

Cavidi Tech AB

Virology

B

CellaVision AB

Analysis of cells and cell mutations using automated microscopy

B

EuroDiagnostica AB

Immunology

A

Glycorex AB

Reagents, carbohydrate binding cells and proteins and biological synthesis of complex carbohydrates

B

Idexx Scandinavia AB

Veterinary medicine, infectious and viral diseases

B

IDL Biotech AB

Diagnosis of cancer, tumor markers and DNA-diagnostics

A

LightUp Technology AB

DNA-diagnostics

B

Mercodia AB

Immunoassays for cardiovascular disease and diabetes

A

Noster System AB

Ulser infection, diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori infection

B

PGL Professional Genetics Laboratory AB

DNA-diagnostics/Pharmacogenomics

A

Prolight Diagnostics AB

Apparatus for measurement of certain protein concentrations in blood for early diagnostics of heartattacks

B

Sangtec Medical AB

Cancer, tumor markers and DNAdiagnostics

B

Sequenom AB

Pharmacogenomics, genomics, bioinformatics

A

Sinovus Biotech AB

Virology

A

Wieslab AB

Immunoassays, autoimmune diseases

1

Classes according to the number of employees in each company: A: 1-9 (1-5); B: 10-49; C: 50-99; D: 100-199; E: 200-499; F:>500; and n/a means that we had no information available.

2

The subsidiaries included in Boule Diagnostics International AB are Boule Diagnostics AB and Boule Nordic AB.

90

Table A4. Medical technology Size Company class1

Business area / Product

A

Antarctic Pharma AB2

Krill enzymes in wound care and odontology

B

Artimplant AB

Biocompatible materials, biodegradable ligament implants

A

Biopolymer products AB

Biocompatible glue, e.g. for eyesurgery, based on Mussel Adhesive Protein (MAP).

A

Biovator AB

In-vitro tests of allergic reactions of substances

C

CMA/Microdialysis AB

Microdialyses

A

Excorim AB

Medical device for immunadsorption, e.g. for treatment of autoimmune diseases

A

Glycorex Transplantation AB

Blood treatment, removal of antibodies from blood when transplanting organs

A

LifeAssays AB

Diagnostics, detection of tumormarkers, proteins and hormones in blood

B

Nidacon International AB

Media and systems for fertility treatment

D

Q-Med AB

Hyluronic acid based implants for estetic and medical use

A

Scandinavian QC Laboratories AB

Media and systems for fertility treatment

C

Vitrolife AB3

Media and systems for fertility treatment, cell therapy, tissue engineering

1

Classes according to the number of employees in each company: A: 1-9 (1-5); B: 10-49; C: 50-99; D: 100-199; E: 200-499; F:>500.

2

Antarctic Pharma AB has since 2001 filed for bankruptcy/liquidation

3

The subsidiaries included in Vitrolife AB are Vitrolife Research and Development AB and Vitrolife Sales AB.

91

Companies in the area of biotech supplies Table A5. Biotech supplies Size Company class1

Business area, field of application or product

Micro-, cell-, and molecular-biological tools, genomics, bioinformatics A

AbSorber

Glyco-protein research

B

Affibody AB

Protein engineering for applications in bioseparation, diagnostics, therapy and proteomics

A

Alligator Bioscience AB

B

Alphahelix AB

A

Belach Bioteknik AB

D

Biacore AB

Proteinengineering

2

Equipment for adding PCR-reagent to samples Fermentors

3

Detection of biomolecular interaction 4

A

BioBridge Computing AB

Bioinformatics and artificial neural networks

A

BioDev AB

Bioseparation media, development of column material

A

BioThema AB

Luminiscense instruments and reagents for bacterial analysis and food quality measurement

A

Charles River Sverige AB

Biomolecular analysis and bioseparation

A

CyberGene AB

DNA-analysis, oligonucleotide synthesis and bioinformatics

A

Decipher Genetics AB

Genetic identification using new technology platforms

A

Genovis AB

Technique to insert a foreign gene into a new host cell

A

Global Genomics AB

Genomics

B

Gnothis AB

Single molecule detection and analysis, microstructures and microfluidics

C

Gyros AB

Miniatyre laboratories, lab on a CD focused on proteomics

A

Inovata AB

Columns and column material

A

Interactiva Bioteknik AB

Bioinformatics, biomolecules production (e.g. peptides and nucleic acids) and biochiptechnology

A

IsoSep AB

Consultancy within biologically active carbohydrates, analysis and synthesis

A

John Curling Consulting

Consultancy within e.g. Bioseparation

A

Magnetic Biosolutions AB

Robotics, automation and software in the field of nucleic acid based biomagnetic separation

A

Novaferm AB

Fermentors and bioreactors

A

Perbio Science AB (Publ)

Cell growth and cell biology equipment

A

PerCell Biolytica AB

Cell growth media

A

Peviva AB

Immunoassays for preclinical research on new anticancer drugs and for the treatment follow-up of cancer patients

A

Ph Plate Microplate Techniques AB

Microbial population analysis, e.g. for medical, environmental, and probiotic purposes

C

Pyrosequencing AB

DNA-sequencing instruments

92

Size Company class1

Business area, field of application or product

A

Quiatech AB

Bioorganic chemistry technologies to enhance DNA microarray techniques, DNA based diagnostics or ultra high speed DNA sequencing.

A

Sequant

Columns and column material

A

Sidec Technologies

Structural biology to a resolution down to 2 nm

B

Virtual genetics laboratory AB

Bioinformatic software

A

Visual Bioinformatics

Software for analysis of gene expression

Sensors and biosensors A

Beta Sensor AB

Electrochemical and potentiometrical sensors for clinical, environmental and industrial applications

D

Biacore AB3

Detection of biomolecular interaction

G

BioEtt AB

Enzymatic biosensor for temperature measurement e.g. of foodstuff during transportation

B

Biosensor Applications AB

Electronic nose that detects narcotics and explosives using antibodybased technology

A

Chemel AB

Detection of small molecules in fluids based on enzymatic reaction

C

Diffchamb AB

Microorganism detection for quality control of food

A

Q-sense AB

Measurement of structural and mass changes on surfaces

1

Classes according to the number of employees in each company: A: 1-9 (1-5); B: 10-49; C: 50-99; D: 100-199; E: 200-499; F:>500.

2

The subsidiaries included in Alphahelix AB are Alphahelix production AB and Alphahelix development AB. 3

The subsidiary Biacore AB is included in Biacore international AB.

4

BioBridge Computing AB has since 2001 filed for bankruptcy/liquidation

93

Companies in the area of bioproduction (biological molecules, microorganisms or cells) Table A6 Bioproduction (biological molecules, micro-organisms or cells) Size Company class1

Technique or Business area

Product

B

AgriSera AB

Production of antibodies from hen eggs, immunisation technology, synthesis of peptides

Antisera, viruses and polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies

A

Arcticon BioPharm Production AB

Mammalian cell cultivation and cGMP operating aseptic filling lines for oral and injectable biopharmaceuticals

Biopharmaceuticals

C

Bioinvent International AB3

Fermentation

Mammalian cell production of protein, monoclonal antibodies

B

Bohus BioTech AB Hyaluronan products for ophthalmic use. Extracted and purified from rooster combs.

D

DSM Anti2 Infectives AB

n/a

Produces raw materials for penicillin production

A

Immun System I.M.S. AB

Immunisations, production

Antibodies from hens and kits for detection of bacterial proteins

A

Innovagen AB

Synthesis

Sequencing of DNA and synthesis of peptides and oligonucleotides

A

Inro Biomedtek AB

Hybridomtechnology

Antibodies

B

Kemikalia AB

Fermentation

Microorganisms

B

Mabtech AB

n/a

Monoclonal antibodies

A

Medicago AB

Recombinant proteins from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as from human, animal and plant tissues

Recombinant proteins

B

Medipharm AB

Fermentation

Microorganisms for food and feed

A

Medisera AB

n/a

Mono- and polyclonal antibodies

A

OVA Production AB Production of antibodies from hen eggs, production of cock´s crests, immunisation technology

Antibodies from hens

D

Polypeptide laboratories (Sweden) AB

Synthesis

Peptides

B

Scandinavian Gene Synthesis

DNA/RNA synthesis mainly for diagnostics, DNA-diagnostics

DNA/RNA

A

Swedish Biotech Center AB

Aseptic production of biopharmaceuticals

Biopharmaceuticals

94

n/a

Size Company class1 B

4

ViraNative AB

Technique or Business area

Product

Protein purification and large-scale fermentation

Interferon, Sendai virus and bacterial cultures (for use in functional food or in hygiene products)

1

Classes according to the number of employees in each company: A: 1-9 (1-5); B: 10-49; C: 50-99; D: 100-199; E: 200-499; F:>500 and n/a means that we had no information available.

2

Former name: Gist-Brocades AB.

3

The subsidiary Bioinvent Production AB is included in Bioinvent International AB.

4

Former name: BioNative AB

95

Companies in the area of functional food and feed Table A7 Functional food and feed1 Size Company class2

1

Field of application

A

Ancient Protein Protection AB

Antimicrobial treatment of dairy products

C

BioGaia AB

Probiotics, e.g. Lactobacillus reuteri for functional food and clinical purposes

A

Clas Lönner AB

Microbial startercultures

A

Essum AB

Probiotics

A

Gramineer International AB3

Probiotics

B

Lantmännens Foderutveckling AB

Functional animal feed e.g. to reduce use of antibiotics

A

Olligon AB

Develops and markets new food concepts based on microbal technology

B

Probi AB

Probiotics for functional food, functional feed and clinical purposes

A

Triple Crown AB

A cholesterol-managing agent

A

Wasa Medicals AB

Probiotics

Some of the companies in this category also develop new drugs.

2

Classes according to the number of employees in each company: A: 1-9 (1-5); B: 10-49; C: 50-99; D: 100-199; E: 200-499; F:>500. 3

A subsidiary included in Gramineer International AB is Gramineer Technology AB.

96

Companies in the area of agrobiotechnology Table A8. Agrobiotechnology Size Company class*

Field of application / Product

Genetically modified products B

Plant science Sverige AB

Genetically modified products

E

Svalöf Weibull AB

Genetically modified products

A

Swetreegenomics AB

Genetically modified products

E

Syngenta Seeds AB

Genetically modified products

Biological plant protection A

Agrivir AB

Bacterial metabolites for protection of plants and seeds from fungi

A

BINAB Bio-innovation Eftr. AB

Trichoderma

B

BioAgri AB

Natural soil bacteria

BioBact AB

Plant nourishment and soil improvement through fermentation of organic materials

Other A

* Classes according to the number of employees in each company: A: 1-9 (1-5); B: 10-49; C: 50-99; D: 100-199; E: 200-499; F:>500.

97

Companies in the area of environmental biotechnology Table A9. Environmental biotechnology Size Company class1

Field of application

Water, waste, or soil treatment A

Abitec AB

Soil treatment

A

Alron Chemical

Soil treatment

B

ANOX AB

Development of industrial wastewater analysis and microbiological treatment processes

A

EkoTec AB (Ekologisk Teknologi i Skellefteå AB)

Soil treatment

A

HMBM Hanson McGill Biologisk Miljöåterställning AB

Soil treatment

A

Marksanering i Sverige AB

Biological treatment of soil contaminated by oil

A

Sysav Utveckling

Waste treatment

Cewatech AB

Growth of mould using forestry waste liquids. Mould cell walls for infection prevention e.g. for wound care purposes.

Other G

1

Classes according to the number of employees in each company: A: 1-9 (1-5); B: 10-49; C: 50-99; D: 100-199; E: 200-499; F:>500.

98

Table A10. Companies that have been established or are likely to be in the process of starting up their business since 2001. Company and sector

Company and sector

Agrobiotechnology

Pharmaceuticals & medicine

Robigus AB

Actar AB Athera Biotechnologies AB

Biotech tools & supplies

Avaris AB

Advanced Biosensor Technology in

BioCrine AB1

Bio Swede AB

Biostapro AB

Bioresonator AB

Bone Support

Cellectricon

Cell Therapeutics

CrystalResearch AB

CePeP AB

Dynamic Code AB

CytoMedic

Ingeneous Technologies AB

Helico AB

IntelliClone

Imed AB

Ludesi AB

Indevex

Lundonia Biotech

Innate Pharmaceuticals AB

Modpro

Kalbiotech AB

Picology

Landegren Gene Technology AB

Proliff

Mexxo AB

Protista International AB

MIP Technologies

Quick-Load

Neoventa Medical AB

Quintessence Research AB

Oncopeptides AB

TATAA

Ovacell AB Oxy Pharma Quantovir AB RadicPharma AB Smart Cells SSP Primers Svanova Biotech AB Umecrine AB

1

Xylogen AB BioCrine AB has been acquired by US Biostratum Inc.

99

A11. Summary of new and disappearing companies comparing the population in 1997 with the one in 2001

In agrobiotechnology the companies Agrivir, a subsidiary of Bioagri and Medivir identifying and analysing anti-fungal agents; SweTree Genomics AB, a spin-off mainly from the University of Umeå; Plant Science Sweden AB, subsidiary of German BASF and Svalöf Weibull, all emerged. Bionema AB, which was involved in using nematodes for biological plant protection, disappeared. In bioproduction there were as many companies in 2001 as in 1997 and they are more or less the same companies. Swedish Bioscience Laboratory AB has disappeared and Swedish Biotech Centre AB, subsidiary of Vitrolife attracting venture capital from the Swedish Industrial Development Fund is a new company as is Arcticon BioPharm Production AB. BioNative AB changed its name to ViraNative AB during the study period. Also, within the group of bioproduction companies, Danish Novozymes A/S acquired BioGaia Fermentation in 2001. The new biotech tools & supplies companies in 2001 compared to 1997 are Affibody AB, Alligator Biosciences AB, Genovis AB, Gnothis AB, Gyros AB, Interactiva Bioteknik AB, Magnetic Biosolutions Sweden AB, Perbio Science AB, Peviva AB, Quiatech AB, Sidec Technologies AB, Visual Bioinformatics AB, BioEtt AB and Biosensor Applications Sweden AB. In 2001 Visual Bioinformatics was acquired by Affibody AB, a spin-off company from KTH and Karolinska Institutet working in the field of protein engineering for applications in bioseparation, diagnostics, therapy, and proteomics. The technique of Affibody AB is based on combinatorial protein chemistry, and the aim is to produce specific proteins for binding to different target molecules (artificial antibodies). Quiatech develops new techniques in the area of bioorganic chemistry technologies to enhance DNA microarray techniques, DNA based diagnostics or ultra high speed DNA sequencing and the techniques are based on research performed at Uppsala University. Sidec Technologies is a spin-off from the Karolinska Institute involved in technologies for three-dimensional imaging in life sciences. Magnetic Biosolutions is the result of a venture between the Department of Biotechnology of the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and Dynal Biotech ASA in Norway. The company is specialized in the development of robotics, automation and software in the field of nucleic acid based biomagnetic separation. Gnothis are in the field of single molecule detection and Genovis develops a novel gene transfer technique. The two biotech tools & supplies companies that have disappeared are Biomun AB for which the activities have moved to the US and Chemodesign AB, which was acquired by Belach Bioteknik AB in 2000. In 2002 Chemodesign AB and Belach Bioteknik AB merged. During the period 2000-2001 Nordic Genomics AB, InBio Institutet för bioaktiva AB and NNI Biotech AB have all filed for bankruptcy/liquidation.

100

In environmental biotechnology the number of companies were the same in 1997 as in 2001, although they were not exactly the same companies. Cewatech AB is new and was formerly called Lizyx AB and Terramek AB has disappeared. In 2003 a company in this field was liquidated, HMBM Hanson McGill Biologisk Miljöåterställning AB. There were two new companies in 2001 compared to 1997 in functional food & feed, namely Ancient Protein Protection AB and Olligon AB, and no companies disappeared. Olligon AB is based on research conducted at the department of microbiology at the Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences (SLU) focuses on using microorganisms to develop new vegetable foodstuffs. The result for pharmaceuticals & medicine is summarised in the table below.

101

New and disappearing companies in the pharmaceuticals & medicine sub-sectors, comparing 1997 with 2001 New

Disappeared

New

Diagnostics

Disappeared Drug discovery & development

Alimenta Diagnostics AB

Chromogenix AB

A Carlsson Research AB

Bacterum AB

Boule Diagnostics International

Neoprobe Europe AB

AnaMar Medical AB

Carlab Läkemedelsforskning AB

Prolight Diagnostics AB

AngioGenetics Sweden AB

LightUp Technologies AB

Appetite Control AB

Drug Delivery

Arexis AB

Galenica AB

Biolipox AB

Microdrug Development AB

BS Bioteknik AB

Medical technology

Cartela AB

Artimplant AB

Cortendo AB

BioPolymer Products of Sweden AB

Esperion AB

LifeAssays AB

Gen-TAG Neuromics AB

Scandinavian QC Laboratories AB

Metina AB NeoPharma Production AB NeuroNova AB New Pharma Research Sweden AB Resistentia Pharmaceuticals AB UmanGenomics AB Vicore Pharma AB Visionar Biomedical AB

Chromogenix, a diagnostic company, has moved its entire operation to Italy and Neoprobe Europe AB, previously Monocarb AB, has its headquarters in the US and its Swedish operation has been liquidated. It has previously been mentioned that US Sequenom has closed down its Swedish operation, previously the Swedish company Eurona. Also, the diagnostic company Biopool AB, with 25 employees, owned by Irish Trinity Biotech plc is being downsized in 2003. Bacterum AB was sold to an Australian company and some of the employees are today working for the functional food company Essum AB. During the period 1998-2001, the drug discovery & development companies AstaCarotene, Apodemus AB, the new company BS Bioteknik AB and ProCell Bioteknik i Hörnefors AB all filed for bankruptcy/liquidation as did the drug delivery company Betacore AB.The Drug delivery company

102

Scotia Sweden AB changed its name to Lipocore Holding AB. In 2003 Gentag Neuromics AB and Xenerate AB, a company in the field of developing gene and cell therapies to improve the biocompatibility of cardiovascular implants, both filed for bankruptcy/liquidation. There have been a few mergers in drug discovery & development, Melacure Therapeutics has merged with Biofactor, Alzpharm with Conpharm and Isconova with Biostapro.

103

Figur A. 12 Number of biotech companies in municipalities 1997

Number 1 2-5 6 - 10 11 - 20 21 - 35 "Copyright Lantm teriverket 2002. Ur GSD- versiktskartan rende nr L2002/352"

104

Figur A. 13 Number of biotech companies in municipalities 2001

Number 1 2-5 6 - 10 11 - 20 21 - 35

"Copyright Lantm teriverket 2002. Ur GSD- versiktskartan rende nr L2002/352"

105

Figur A. 14 Number of employees in biotech companies in municipalities 1997

Number 0 - 50 51 - 150 151 - 250 251 - 350 351 - 1000

"Copyright Lantm teriverket 2002. Ur GSD- versiktskartan rende nr L2002/352"

106

Figur A. 15 Number of employees in biotech companies in municipalities 2001

Number 1 - 50 51 - 150 151 - 250 251 - 350 351 - 1000

"Copyright Lantm teriverket 2002. Ur GSD- versiktskartan rende nr L2002/352"

107

A 16. Number of companies in 1997 and 2001 distributed by cities and industrial sectors Malmö/Lund 97 01

Stockholm 97 01

Gothenburg 97 01

Uppsala 97 01

Umeå 97 01

Other 97 01

97

All 01

Pharmaceuticals & Medicine

15

20

25

32

12

17

12

19

2

2

6

4

72

94

Bioproduction

4

4

2

2

1

2

2

2

2

2

6

5

17

17

Biotech Tools & Supplies

4

7

8

15

2

2

8

8

1

1

2

3

15

36

Environmental Biotechnology

2

3

3

2

1

2

0

0

0

0

2

1

8

8

Functional Food & Feed

2

2

3

4

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

1

8

10

Agrobiotechnology

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

3

4

5

7

All sectors

27

36

41

56

17

24

23

31

7

7

20

18

135

172

108

A 17. Number of employees in 1997 and 2001 distributed by cities and industrial sectors Malmö/Lund 97 01

Stockholm 97 01

Gothenburg 97 01

Uppsala 97 01

Umeå 97 01

Other 97 01

97

01

Pharmaceuticals & Medicine

549

612

502

742

128

271

119

318

18

39

24

15

1340

1997

Bioproduction

93

260

147

154

1

2

2

8

42

37

63

97

348

558

Biotech Tools & Supplies

7

23

16

108

32

61

144

385

1

3

3

8

203

588

Environmental Biotechnology

17

16

5

5

1

2

0

0

0

0

6

8

29

31

Functional Food & Feed

22

25

74

112

1

2

0

3

2

3

2

2

101

147

Agrobiotechnology

0

0

0

5

0

0

0

12

6

2

650

601

656

620

688

936

744

1126

163

338

265

726

69

84

748

731

2677

3941

All sectors

All

B

Scientific publications

Table B1a Development of publication volume in the journal categories selected for the national analysis 1987-2001 1400

No. articles per year

1200

1987-1989

1000

1990-1992

800

1993-1995

600

1996-1998

400

1999-2001

200

BI O

BI O

TE C H N O

LO

C H EM IS T

G Y

&

R Y

&

M

AP PL IE D

O LE C U LA R

BI O LO G

Y BI O PH YS M IC IC S R O BI O LO G C Y EL C L H BI EM O LO IS TR EN G Y Y, G IN M ED EE IC R IN IN G AL ,B IO G EN M ED ET IC IC AL S & H ER ED IT IM Y M U N O LO M G IC Y R O BI O L N O EU G Y R O SC IE N C ES VI R O LO G Y

0

Field

Table B1b Development of publication volume in the journal categories selected for the international analysis 1987-2001 900

No. Articles / year

800 700 600

1987-1989

500

1990-1992

400

1993-1995

300

1996-1998

200

1999-2001

100

Bi oc he m ist ry & Bi Bi ot op ec hn hy si ol cs & Ap pl Ce M ll icr & ob De io ve l lo pm en ta lB io l Im m un ol og y M M ol ec icr ob ula io rB lo io gy lo gy Ne & G ur en os et cie ics nc es & Be ha vio r

0

109

Table B2. Journals in biotechnology-related sciences, in which Swedish authors published more than 500 articles in 1987-2001

110

JOURNAL J. OF BIOL. CHEM. SCAND. J. OF IMMUNOLOGY FEBS LETTERS EUROP. J. OF BIOCHEM. BRAIN RESEARCH BIOCHEM. AND BIOPHYS. RES. COMM. TRANSPLANTATION PROC. ACTA CHEMICA SCANDINAVICA BIOCHEMISTRY NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS Other Total

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 59 47 60 70 80 77 91 114 87 102 114 101 110 117 120 140 75 66 167 36 63 22 27 36 40 42 39 40 26 31 39 43 33 53 53 52 87 48 56 44 55 66 61 38 32 36 40 37 34 53 51 67 47 58 48 59 38 56 32 30 42 47 39 50 42 45 81 60 37 36 36 40 55 32 25 34

22

57

43

26

30

41

34

56

44

43

48

49

47

49

54

59

37 68 21 64 6 57 57 19 43 13 13 17 27 75 68 61 59 65 46 44 37 41 47 28 21 27 26 26 31 29 74 32 31 41 60 26 42 40 29 45 35 34 32 43 31 31 33 46 33 37 25 34 28 20 1345 1493 1389 1598 1705 1799 2061 2051 2221 2191 2223 2212 2215 2111 1983 1818 1872 1822 2196 2166 2304 2641 2559 2716 2639 2759 2654 2703 2495 2356

Total 1349 850 760 686 667 636 542 571 535 507 28597 35700

Table B3. Shares of articles in biotechnology-related sciences distributed by the year of publishing and the organisational affiliation of the Swedish authors* Organisations/Year

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Mean

Universities and University Hospitals

94.7 94.7 95.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 96.7 96.3 96.4 96.0 95.9 95.8 95.8 95.4 95.7

95.6

Firms

6.2

7.4

6.8

7.6

7.4

5.6

5.7

5.4

5.8

5.5

5.9

5.0

5.0

5.8

5.2

6.0

Other Public Organisations

4.2

4.4

4.8

3.9

4.3

4.8

3.4

3.8

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.7

3.2

3.2

3.8

Hospitals and Animal Hospitals

1.3

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.2

1.8

1.5

1.1

1.6

1.5

2.1

1.8

2.0

1.9

Defense Units

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.3

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.7

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

Industrial Research Institutes

0.5

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

Other

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.7

0.3

111

Total number of Swedish publications

1818 1872 1822 2196 2166 2304 2641 2559 2716 2639 2759 2654 2703 2495 2356 35700

* Since authors from different organisations often co-operated on one article, the sums of the shares exceeds 100 per cent

Table B4. Average number of publications per year for Swedish organisations with more than 500 published articles in biotechnologyrelated science, 1987-2001* Organisation / Period

1987-1989 1990-1992 1993-1995 1996-1998 1999-2001

Average Share [%]

Average No. publ. /Year

Total No. publ.

112

KAROLINSKA INST

32.6

34.3

34.8

35.1

36.2

34.7

826

12396

LUND UNIV

18.7

19.1

19.8

18.5

18.5

18.9

450

6751

UPPSALA UNIV

16.9

15.7

15.0

15.2

15.2

15.5

369

5537

GOTHENBURG UNIV

13.0

12.6

12.4

12.3

11.1

12.2

291

4369

UMEA UNIV

8.4

7.9

7.9

8.3

7.5

8.0

190

2850

STOCKHOLM UNIV

9.6

8.5

7.7

7.3

6.5

7.8

186

2787

SLU

4.7

5.1

5.6

5.0

5.0

5.1

121

1812

LINKOPING UNIV

2.8

2.9

3.9

3.6

3.7

3.4

82

1223

ASTRA AB**

2.8

2.6

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.3

54

813

SMI

3.2

2.8

2.0

1.7

2.0

2.3

54

808

ROYAL INST TECHNOL

1.6

2.0

1.7

2.0

1.7

1.8

43

652

PHARMACIA AB***

1.9

2.2

1.6

1.4

0.7

1.5

37

552

1.9 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 34 CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL * Since authors from different organisations often co-operated on one article, the sums of the shares exceeds 100 per cent

503

** Now AstraZeneca** (including all subsidiaries and acquisitions such as Hässle, Symbicom etc.) *** Now Pharmacia Corporation (including all subsidiaries and acquisitions such as Pharmacia diagnostics, LEO, Kabi etc. but excluding Pharmacia Biotech which in other tables will be included in the figures for Amersham Biosciences)

Table B5. Number of articles by Swedish public research organisations with the largest publication volume in biotechnology-related science, distributed on different journal categories 1987-2001 Biochemistry Biotechnology & molecular Biophysics & applied biology microbiology 4450 KAROLINSKA INST. 94 289 131 516 LUND UNIV. 2941 UPPSALA UNIV. 2532 48 118 GOTHENBURG 1640 50 120 UNIV. UMEA UNIV. 1322 57 65 STOCKHOLM UNIV. 1760 48 41 SLU 950 12 148 LINKOPING UNIV. 483 44 36 SMI 69 53 ROYAL INST. 341 19 124 TECHNOL. CHALMERS UNIV. 392 35 21 TECHNOL. TOTAL 16880 538 1531 Organisation/ Subject field

113

Cell biology

Medicinal chemistry

Biomedical engineering

Genetics & heredity

Immunology

Microbiology

701 373 343

67 47 162

153 155 66

553 357 397

2603 861 918

289 340 190

2844 967 665

356 64 98

12399 6752 5537

233

75

134

197

924

249

694

55

4371

146 86 64 104 4

25 38 6 16

37 46 1 111

254 142 258 34 3

398 416 194 161 377

174 55 139 31 150

321 146 17 200 8

51 9 23 3 146

2850 2787 1812 1223 810

11

9

22

16

36

46

22

6

652

8

3

28

5

2

6

2

2

504

2073

448

753

2216

6890

1669

5886

813

39697

SLU - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SMI - Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control

NeuroVirology sciences

Total

Table B6. Number of articles by Swedish firms and industrial research institutes with the largest publication volume in biotechnologyrelated science, distributed on different journal categories 1987-2001* Organisation/ Subject field

Biochemistry Biotechnology & molecular Biophysics & applied biology microbiology

Cell biology

Medicinal chemistry

Biomedical engineering

Genetics & heredity

Immunology

Microbiology

NeuroVirology sciences

Total

114

ASTRA 5 15 0 20 45 814 395 5 123 24 173 9 PHARMACIA 220 4 34 6 15 6 43 5 560 30 32 165 BIOCARB AB 33 0 13 0 0 0 3 4 2 0 1 56 AMERSHAM 69 1 1 3 5 1 80 BIOSCIENCES AB MEDIVIR AB 23 11 3 5 2 44 KARO BIO AB 30 3 4 1 38 STFI 19 11 1 1 32 SVENSKA 24 4 1 29 TOBAKS AB BIOINVENT INT 3 2 3 1 18 27 AB FERRING AB 4 6 6 4 20 SVALOF 4 1 1 27 21 WEIBULL AB ACTIVE BIOTECH 12 0 2 1 7 22 AB PERSTORP AB 18 2 1 21 IVL 12 8 1 21 GAMBRO AB 1 1 1 2 21 16 TOTAL 867 10 77 56 180 22 65 253 41 224 17 1812 * ASTRA AB includes Astra, Hässle, Draco, Symbicom, AstraZeneca; PHARMACIA AB includes Pharmacia & Upjohn, Pharmacia Corp, Leo, Kabi but not Pharmacia Biotech; AMERSHAM BIOSCIENCES AB includes Pharmacia Biotech AB and Amersham Pharmacia Biotech AB. IVL - The Swedish Environmental Research Institute; STFI – The Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute

Table B7. Number of publications per period for firms and industrial research institutes with a Swedish adress and with more than 5 published articles in biotechnology-related science, 1987-2001* 19871989

19901992

19931995

19961998

19992001

Total

ASTRA AB

154

173

159

172

155

813

PHARMACIA AB

103

149

128

116

56

552

BIOCARB AB

40

31

9

0

0

80

AMERSHAM BIOSCIENCES AB

0

7

9

17

11

44

MEDIVIR AB

0

11

15

9

3

38

KARO BIO AB

8

5

10

18

14

55

STFI

8

5

4

8

7

32

SVENSKA TOBAKS AB

4

7

6

5

5

27

BIOINVENT INT. AB

8

6

3

2

1

20

FERRING AB

10

5

5

2

5

27

SVALOF WEIBULL AB

0

0

0

0

22

22

ACTIVE BIOTECH AB

4

8

4

4

1

21

IVL

4

4

2

10

1

21

PERSTORP AB

1

4

10

3

3

21

GAMBRO AB

0

0

0

0

19

19

MELACURE THERAPEUTICS AB

10

11

8

0

0

29

NOVARTIS SEEDS AB

3

6

2

1

2

14

SWED. INST. FOR FOOD & BIOTECH.

0

1

3

2

7

13

BIODISK AB

1

4

3

4

3

15

SANGTEC MEDCAL AB

0

4

1

3

3

11

SOCKERBOLAGET AB

6

1

0

0

0

7

EXCORIM AB

4

2

3

1

0

10

SWED. MEAT RES. INST.

5

1

1

0

1

8

CARMEDA AB

1

1

3

1

3

9

KARLSHAMN AB

0

2

5

2

0

9

SYNTHELEC AB

0

0

0

8

1

9

ACO AB

4

3

0

0

0

7

NYCOMED INNOVAT AB

0

0

0

4

4

8

UMETRICS AB

0

1

1

3

3

8

ANOX AB

0

1

3

3

0

7

BEROL NOBEL AB

3

2

2

0

0

7

CAVIDI TECH AB

0

0

0

5

2

7

GLYCOREX AB

0

0

2

3

2

7

HELAX AB

0

1

1

2

3

7

SWEDISH DAIRIES ASSOC.

1

0

2

4

0

7

Organisation / Period

115

19871989

19901992

19931995

19961998

19992001

Total

ALFA LAVAL AB

3

0

1

0

0

4

BIACORE AB

0

0

0

1

5

6

MEDICARB AB

1

0

4

1

0

6

MEDSCAND AB

0

4

2

0

0

6

WIESLAB AB

0

0

0

4

2

6

CALAB MED. LAB. AB

0

1

2

2

0

5

OBLA AB

0

0

0

5

0

5

PYROSEQUENCING AB

0

0

0

0

5

5

SBL VACCIN AB

0

0

2

1

2

5

SWEDISH CORROS INST.

0

0

1

4

0

5

Organisation / Period

* ASTRA AB includes Astra, Hässle, Draco, Symbicom, AstraZeneca; PHARMACIA AB includes Pharmacia & Upjohn, Pharmacia Corp, Leo, Kabi but not Pharmacia Biotech; AMERSHAM BIOSCIENCES AB includes Pharmacia Biotech AB and Amersham Pharmacia Biotech AB. IVL - The Swedish Environmental Research Institute; STFI – The Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute

116

Table B8. Number of articles that the largest public research organisations co-published with companies or industrial research institutes in biotechnology-related science in 1986-1997 1 Share of the Total No. of organisation’s articles total publication volume (%)

Year 87-91

Year 92-96

Year 97-01

KAROLINSKA INST

128

148

119

395 (68%)

3,1

LUND UNIV

133

128

110

371 (44%)

5,2

UPPSALA UNIV

105

115

102

322 (71%)

5,5

GOTHENBURG UNIV

54

54

45

153 (77%)

3,3

UMEA UNIV

28

40

15

83 (83%)

2,7

STOCKHOLM UNIV

59

46

33

138 (56%)

4,7

SLU

11

15

14

40 (32%)

2,1

LINKOPING UNIV

9

11

21

41 (73%)

3,3

SMI

9

11

9

29 (52%)

3,4

ROYAL INST TECHNOL

18

29

18

65 (58%)

9,5

CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL

12

8

6

26 (65%)

4,9

Number of co-authorships

566

605

492

1663 (62%)

Number of collaborating companies

44

58

77

1402

1

A particular co-authorship pair is only counted once per article, even if more than one author from a certain organisation is found. 2

This is the total number of firms with publications in collaboration with public research organisations the selected fields 1987-2001

117

Table B9. Number of papers in biotechnology-related science co-published by Astra and Pharmacia with other Swedish organisations during three periods ORGANISATION PERIOD KAROLINSKA INST

AB ASTRA* 1987- 1992- 19971991 1996 2001

TOTAL 156

PHARMACIA AB** 1987- 1992- 19971991 1996 2001 44

36

32

TOTAL 112

52

57

47

LUND UNIV

22

20

28

70

33

32

29

94

UPPSALA UNIV

36

41

37

114

55

44

15

114

GOTHENBURG UNIV

25

33

24

82

22

8

6

36

UMEA UNIV

14

31

8

53

8

6

2

16

STOCKHOLM UNIV

12

13

11

36

24

11

6

41

4

1

7

4

4

SLU

1

3

2

6

2

LINKOPING UNIV

7

9

10

26

0

SMI ROYAL INST TECHNOL CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL Public research org.

6

2

2

10

1

2

2

5

1

5

0

6

11

16

5

32

7

3

1

11

3

3

0

6

183

217

170

570

203

162

102

467

0

1

2

4

7

1 8

2 7

4 7

7 22

2

4

6

0 12

192

226

181

599

206

168

112

486

272

267

274

813

211

201

140

552

ASTRA AB PHARMACIA AB Other firms TOTAL no. of co-authorships TOTAL no. of articles by Astra and Pharmacia

* ASTRA AB includes Astra, Hässle, Draco, Symbicom, AstraZeneca. A very small number of articles co-authored with hospitals are not accounted for in the table. ** PHARMACIA AB includes Pharmacia & Upjohn, Pharmacia Corp, Leo, Kabi but not Pharmacia Biotech. Two articles co-authored with FOA are not accounted for in the table as well as a very small number of articles co-authored with hospitals.

118

C

Patenting

Figure C1. Inventor origin for pharmaceutical patents in the US patent system in 1987-2001 Sweden Switzerland 1,1% 1,8%

Other 7,8%

Canada 2,3% Italy 2,6% France 5,0%

USA 55,0%

Great Britain 6,2% Germany 7,1% Japan 11,2%

Figure C2. Inventor origin for medical electronics patents in the US patent system in 1987-2001 Netherlands Great Britain 1,6% 1,8% Sweden 2,0%

Other 8,2%

France 2,0% Germany 6,2% Japan 9,5% USA 68,7%

119

Figure C3. Inventor origin for medical equipment patents in the US patent system in 1987-2001 Sweden 1,4% Canada 1,6% France 2,2%

Switzerland Other 1,3% 6,5%

Great Britain 2,3% Germany 5,2% Japan 6,6%

USA 72,8%

120

Table C1. Number of issued biotechnology patents per Swedish assignee and year62

BIOTECHNOLOGY

121

Assignee Pharmacia Corporation AstraZeneca AB Amersham Biosciences AB63 Biogaia AB Alfa-Laval AB Ibanez Carlos F. Probi AB Biacore AB Cemu Bioteknik AB Bioflexin AB Bioinvent International AB Karo Bio AB Biodisk AB Bioption AB Perstorp AB Procur AB Pyrosequencing AB Chromogenix AB 62

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 2 1 1 2 5 3 1 2 1 2 5 4 5 1 35 2 2 2 1 2 9 3 8 5 34 2 3 2 2 3 12 1 3 1 3 8 1 1 1 1 2 6 4 2 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 2 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 2 1 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 2

AstraZeneca and Pharmacia Corporation includes their acquisitions as well as previous and current subsidiaries such as Hässle and Draco, and Pharmacia Biotech, etc, with Swedish address. 63 Includes only patents with Amersham Pharmacia Biotech AB or Amersham Biosciences AB with Swedish address as assignee.

BIOTECHNOLOGY

122

Assignee Ferring AB Forsvarets Forskningsanstalt IDL Immunodevelop Lab AB Korsnas AB Purac AB Tripep AB Vitec AB Eberthson A C Biotechnics AB A+ Science Invest AB Actinova Ltd. Affibody Technology Sweden AB Amylogene HB Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Baxter Biotech Technology Sarl Berol Kemi AB BioAgri AB Biocarb AB Bio-Instructa Labkonsult Bionative AB Biora AB Biowheat AB BTG Kalle Inventing AB Camurus AB

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

BIOTECHNOLOGY

123

Assignee Cavidi Tech AB Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Diamyd Therapeutics AB Diffchamb AB Ellco Food AB Olsson Eskil Euro-Diagnostica AB Eurona Medical AB Ewos Aktiebolag Forskarpatent I Syd AB Forskarpatent i Vastsverige AB Global Hemostasis Institute MGR AB Got-A-Gene AB HighTech Receptor AB Karolinska Innovations AB Karyogene AB Medivir AB Micro Active Protein AB Microcloning CCCD AB Nobel Chematur AB Novartis AG Owman Invest Ltd. Replico Medical AB Sangtec Medical AB

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

BIOTECHNOLOGY

124

Assignee 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total SBL Vaccin AB 1 1 Skandigen AB 1 1 Svenska Mejeriernas Riksforenings 1 1 Ekonomi-Aktiebolag Svenska Sockerfabriks AB 1 1 Svenska Traforskningsinstitutet 1 1 Sveriges Starkelseproducenter 1 1 Forening U.P.A. T&M Biopolymer Aktiebolag 1 1 The European Institute of Science AB 1 1 Trion Forskning-Och Utvecklings AB 1 1 BIOTECHNOLOGY Total 7 3 6 4 6 9 10 8 13 7 16 35 24 33 32 213

Table C2. Number of issued medical electronic patents per assignee and year64

MEDICAL ELECTRONICS

125

Assignee Pacesetter AB Siemens Elema AB Radi Medical System AB Elekta AB Humanteknik AB Aerocrine AB Nycomed Innovation AB Synectics Medical AB Biolight Patent Holding AB Ortivus Medical AB Radisensor AB Ascendia AB Gambro AB Hok Instrument AB AO Medical Products AB Astra Tech AB AstraZeneca AB Biosys AB Dorsograf AB 64

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 17 11 23 20 8 12 14 105 1 2 6 23 10 3 4 2 6 4 61 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 13 1 1 3 1 1 7 1 5 1 7 4 1 5 1 3 1 5 1 4 5 2 2 4 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2

AstraZeneca and Pharmacia Corporation include their acquisitions, previous and current subsidiaries such as Pharmacia Biotech, Hässle, Draco, etc.

MEDICAL ELECTRONICS

126

Assignee Herbst Ewa ICOR AB Minco AB Schuller Hans Abigo Medical AB Bilsom AB Bioapatite AB Biolin AB Biora AB Calluna Ide AB Camp Scandinavia AB Cardia Innovation AB Centrum for Dentalteknik och Biomaterial Cinventa Aktiebolag Dalloz Safety AB Diabact AB European Institute of Science Formo Medical AB Forskarpatent I Linkoping AB Hafslund Nycomed Innovation AB Instrumentarium Corp. Karolinska Institutet Medevelop AB

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

MEDICAL ELECTRONICS

127

Assignee Micronic Laser Systems AB Nobel Biocare AB Nobel Pharma AB Optovent AB Pascal Medical AB Pharmacia Corporation ProstaLund Operations AB Refina Instrument AB Regam Medical Systems International AB Scandimed International AB Scanditronix Medical AB SCS Medicinproject Aktiebolag SE-Produkter Sinus Medical Equipment AB Swemac Orthopaedics AB Ultra Tan International AB Unfors Instruments AB MEDICAL ELECTRONICS Total

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 6

6

3

2

4

2

6

17

46

27

31

1 44

17

36

36

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 283

Table C3. Number of issued medical equipment patents per assignee and year65

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

128

Assignee 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total SCA Hygiene Products AB / SCA 6 2 4 4 3 2 2 5 11 5 9 20 20 25 21 139 Molnlycke AB AstraZeneca AB 3 1 1 1 2 8 7 11 11 11 16 72 Siemens Elema AB 1 1 1 3 12 4 13 10 9 11 65 Pharmacia Corporation 1 1 3 1 2 4 2 6 4 3 9 6 6 6 54 Nobel Biocare AB 4 12 6 1 13 36 Gambro AB 5 3 3 2 1 5 2 3 3 27 Nobel Pharma AB 2 2 5 5 4 2 3 1 1 25 Medevelop AB 1 2 1 3 3 2 3 1 2 18 Astra Meditec AB 1 2 2 5 2 12 Atos Medical AB 1 1 2 1 1 1 7 Radi Medical System AB 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 Landstingens Inkopscentral LIC 3 2 1 6 Sandvik AB 2 1 1 1 1 6 Astra Tech AB 2 1 1 1 5 Elekta AB 1 1 1 1 1 5 Gramtec Innovation AB 2 2 1 5 The Institute for Applied Biotechnology 1 1 3 5 Gibeck Respiration AB 1 1 1 1 4 Berol Kemi AB 1 1 1 3 65

AstraZeneca and Pharmacia Corporation include their acquisitions, previous and current subsidiaries such as Pharmacia Biotech, Hässle, Draco, etc.

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

129

Assignee CMA/Microdialysis AB Idea AB Nyberg Lars Olof Emil Roby Teknik AB Swedemed AB AGA Aktiebolag Andersson Baby Bjorn AB Becton, Dickinson and Company Bilsom AB Biro Jan Charles Blomdahl Medical AB BOC Ohmeda AB Collux AB Dentatus International AB Dille Safe AB Electrolux AB Engstrom Medical Aktiebolag Hallgren Roger Hornberg Krog Michael Leijonhufvud Carl B. Lindstrom Kjell Olof Torgny Louis Gibeck AB

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

130

Assignee LuCoCer Aktiebolag Mansson Karl Gunnar Wiking Marlene Sandberg AB Medicarb AB Medinvent AB Mediplast AB Nilsson Sven-Erik Pacesetter AB Peltor Aktiebolag Peridoc AB Principal AB Pro-Pel AB ProstaLund Operations AB Raab Yngve Sandegard Jan Stafilum AB Svedman Pal Unilink AB Werner Olof Akerlund & Rausing AB Alfastar AB Amdent AB Anderzon Invest AB Arta Plast AB

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

131

Assignee Artimplant Development Artdev AB Bengt Ingvar Benrad Aktiebolag Bergasa Industrier AB Bioapatite AB Biogaia AB Biogram AB Bioimplant AB Biora AB Bohuslandstinget Boliden Contech AB Borga Brava Patient Och Invent AB Breas Medical AB Bror Carl Dahlborn AB Cemvac System AB Centri AB Centri Gummifabrik AB Corline Systems AB Credentus AB Dalloz Safety AB Datex Engstrom AB Dentatus AB

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

132

Assignee Dentatus AB Dicamed AB Dry Invent Bengt Mattsson AB Duni Bila AB Echodent AB Ellem Bioteknik AB Errarp Innovation AB Etac AB Excorim AB Fagersta EL & Diesel AB Fisheries Management and Supply Co A.B. Fixster Instruments AB Funova AB Futuraprodukter HB Gibeck AB Gillis Gislaved Plastindustri AB Guidor AB Hemapure AB Hepar AB Hudson RCI AB Ingrid Margareta Axelsson et al. Inoris Medical AB

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

133

Assignee Institutet for Tillampad Bioteknologi Interspiro AB Investment AB Falneria Jacobsson JATAB JCL Technic AB John Sjoding AB Kanor Plast AB Koping Industri-Plast AB Lars Blomdahl AB Light Weight Support AB Liko Research & Development AB Ljungberg & Kogel Margareta Medical Innovation AB Medical Projects HB Medifront AB MediTeam Dentalutveckling I Goteborg AB Medscand Medical AB Meduse Scandinavia AB Mercado Medic AB MiniDoc i Uppsala AB MIT AB

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1

1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

134

Assignee Mo och Domsjo Aktiebolag Nestec S.A. Nikomed ApSl Nikval International AB Nolato AB Nordiska Dental AB Novel Plast AB Omega Medicinteknik AB Ortolab AB P & B Research AB Palmcrantz Pascal Medical AB Peltor AB Per Perfecta Pump Aktiebolag Presidentia Medical AB Radiplast AB Rehband Anatomiska AB Respaid AB Saab-Scania AB SanPoint AB Scandfast AB Scandinavian Bioortodontic AB SKF AB

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

135

Assignee Stiftelsen for Medicinsk-Teknisk Utveckling Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Aktiebolaf Stormby Nils Stretchex AB Surg Develop AB Surgical Invent AB Swedish Graft Technique AB Svensk Eldental AB Teknikhuset Swetron AB Teltec Electronic Equipment AB Tetra Pak AB Tilly Medical Products AB Titanbron I ahus AB Tobin Scandinavia AB Triple L. Laboratories AB TSP Medical AB Varde Per Vastsvensk Medicinteknik AB Vaxjo-Protes AB Viggo AB Volcano International Medical AB Zenova Aktiebolag MEDICAL EQUIPMENT Total

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1

1

1

1

93

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 713

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 32

21

20

26

1 37

37

30

30

34

48

49

93

73

90

Table C4. Number of issued pharmaceutical patents per assignee and year66

PHARMACEUTICALS

136

Assignee AstraZeneca AB Pharmacia Corporation Medivir AB Perstorp AB Lejus Medical AB Fockerman Jasmine Lundblad Leif J. I. Alfa-Laval AB GS Development AB Item Development AB Syntello Vaccine Development AB Akerlof Eva Ferring AB Karo Bio AB Medicarb AB Pousette Ake Scotia Lipid Teknik AB Active Biotech AB Cortendo AB Duotol AB

66

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 8 6 9 11 9 6 6 8 10 10 32 42 43 48 47 295 7 6 9 1 6 3 7 2 13 18 25 23 12 6 13 151 1 2 1 2 2 4 3 1 1 17 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 13 1 2 2 2 2 9 2 1 3 2 8 2 2 3 7 1 1 2 1 1 6 2 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 2 1 1 1 5 2 2 4 3 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 4 1 1 2 4 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3

AstraZeneca and Pharmacia Corporation include their acquisitions, previous and current subsidiaries such as Pharmacia Biotech, Hässle, Draco, etc.

PHARMACEUTICALS

137

Assignee Gambro AB Glycorex AB Michel A+ Science Invest AB Astacarotene AB Berol Kemi AB Biocarb AB Biogaia AB Bioglan AB Boman Hans G. Camurus AB Chemical Dynamics Sweden AB Conpharm AB Erik Vinnars AB Erlanson-Albertsson Charlotte Johansson Gunnar Landstingens Inkopscentral LIC Lindahl Gunnar Olle Ljungqvist Medical AB Pharmalink AB Ricard Jacques J. L. SBL Vaccin AB Sjogren Goran Skandigen AB Sundh Anders

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1 1 1 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2

PHARMACEUTICALS

138

Assignee Abigo Medical AB Affibody Technology Sweden AB Agerup Bengt Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry AB Batra Satish Bergman Biogram AB Bionative AB Biophausia AB Bioption AB Bio-Tox Diagnostics Kommanditbolag Bracco Research S.A. Cederqvist Chromogenix AB Collagen Casing Einar Sjolander AB Corline Systems AB Diabact AB Diamyd Therapeutics AB Drilletten AB Eka Nobel AB Ellco Food AB EntreTech Medical AB Euro-Diagnostica AB Ferrosan AB Fluid-Carbon International AB

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

PHARMACEUTICALS

139

Assignee Fresenius Kabi AB Gacell Laboratories AB Glenpharma Global Hemostasis Institute MGR AB Gramineer AB GS Biochem AB Guidor AB Halsoprodukter Lars Karnerud AB HighTech Receptor AB Hydro Pharma AB IDL Immunodevelop Lab AB International Nutritional Research Institute AB Karlshamns LipidTeknik AB Karolinska Innovations AB Malvac Foundation Maud Medinvent AB Medipharm AB Medivent Micro Active Protein AB Mitra Medical Technology AB Neopharma Production AB Nycomed Innovation AB Oncholab AB Peviva AB

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

PHARMACEUTICALS

140

Assignee 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total Pharmac IA AB 1 1 Ponsus AB 1 1 Pripps Bryggerier AB 1 1 Probi AB 1 1 ProCell Bioteknik i Hornefors AB 1 1 Pyrosequencing AB 1 1 Q Med AB 1 1 Semper AB 1 1 Siemens Elema AB 1 1 Solimedco Aktiebolag 1 1 Suoma 1 1 Svenska Sockerfabriks AB 1 1 Sveriges Starkelseproducenter 1 1 Forening U.P.A. Synphra AB 1 1 Syn-Tek AB 1 1 The Institute for Applied Biotechnology 1 1 Thomas 1 1 Trion Forskning-Och Utvecklings AB 1 1 PHARMACEUTICALS Total 26 19 24 18 20 18 21 32 41 49 81 85 78 77 86 675

Table C5. Country/countries of assignee ownership in studied patent categories67 BIOTECHNOLOGY Assignee countries

No. of patents

MEDICAL ELECTRONICS Assignee countries

No. of patents

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT Assignee countries

No. of patents

PHARMACEUTICALS Assignee countries

No. of patents

SE

201

SE

280

SE

674

SE

629

US

77

DE

89

US

40

US

95

DK

9

US

29

DE

20

NO

34

DK; US

7

NO

21

CH

11

DK

13

GB

7

CA

3

FR

5

NL

10

DE

5

CH

2

FI

5

SE; US

9

FR

4

AT

1

AU

4

DE

7

FI

3

JP

1

DK

3

DK; US

7

JP

3

Not found

44

LU

2

GB

7

AU

2

Total

470

NO

2

FR

5

CH

2

AU; SE

1

AU

5

IL; SE

2

DE; SE

1

IT

4

SE; US

2

DK; SE

1

FI

3

AU; DE

1

ES

1

FI; US

3

CA; US

1

ES; SE

1

BE

2

DE; FR

1

GB

1

CA

2

ES; SE

1

IS

1

DK; JP

2

FI; SE

1

JP

1

AN; SE

1

FI; US

1

NL

1

CA; US

1

HU; SE

1

Not found

177

CH

1

JP; SE

1

Total

952

CH; SE

1

NO

1

DE; FR

1

Not found

57

DE; SE

1

Total

390

DK; SE

1

JP

1

JP; SE

1

67

NL; SE

1

Not found

68

Total

915

Not found means the number of patents per patent class without an assignee. SE; SE means that two assignees from Sweden co-own the patent. The countries are: SE-Sweden, US-USA, NONorway, DK-Denmark, CH-Switzerland, CA-Canada, FI-Finland, GB-Great Britain, JP-Japan, NLNetherlands, DE-Germany IL-Israel, IT-Italy, BE-Belgium, FR-France, TW-Taiwan, IN-India, NZNew Zeeland, AU-Australia, MX-Mexico, ES-Spain, IS-Iceland, HU-Hungary, AT-Austria, LULuxembourg.

141

Table C6. Nationality of inventors in Biotechnology, Medical and Pharmaceutical patents 68 BIOTECHNOLOGY Inventor countries

No. of patents

MEDICAL ELECTRONICS Inventor countries

SE

202

SE

SE; US

62

DE; SE

DK; SE

12

US FI; SE

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

No. of patents 394

Inventor countries

No. of patents

PHARMACEUTICALS Inventor countries

No. of patents

SE

824

SE

556

8

SE; US

25

SE; US

96

GB; SE

7

US

14

US

35

12

NO; SE

7

CH; SE

10

DK; SE

25

10

SE; US

7

DE; SE

8

NO; SE

22

JP; SE

8

DK

6

GB; SE

8

GB

19

DE; SE

7

HR

6

FI; SE

6

DE

10

DK; SE; US

7

DE

5

DK

5

CA

8

FR; SE

6

DK; NO; SE

4

FR; SE

5

CA; SE

9

AU; SE

5

NL; SE

3

NL

5

GB; SE

9

GB; SE

5

CA; SE

2

FR

4

DK; SE; US

8

IN

5

2

NO

4

FR; SE

8

CH

4

2

NO; SE

4

FI; SE

7

CH; SE

3

FI; SE

2

CA; DK; NO; SE

2

DE; SE

6

MX; SE

3

GB

2

DE; NL

2

FI

6

NO; SE

3

US

2

DK; SE

2

CH; SE

5

CA; SE

2

AT; SE

1

ES; SE

2

DK

5

2

CA; SE; US

1

FI

2

IT

5

2

DE; US

1

GB

2

NL; SE

5

2

DK; NL; NO; SE

1

AU; SE

1

NZ

5

DK; NO

1

BE; FR

1

IT; SE; US

4

1

CH

1

JP; SE

4

1

CH; SE; US

1

1

DE

1

DE; SE; US GB; SE; TH GB; SE; US IL

2

AT

1

AT; DE

1

BE; US; GB; SE

1

DE; NO; SE DK; IS; SE; US

DK; NO; SE; US DK; SE; US ES; SE

68

NO; SE; US DK; NL; NO; SE

4 3

SE; SE means that two inventors from Sweden collaborated. The countries are: SE-Sweden, USUSA, NO-Norway, DK-Denmark, CH-Switzerland, CA-Canada, FI-Finland, GB-Great Britain, JPJapan, NL-Netherlands, DE-Germany IL-Israel, IT-Italy, BE-Belgium, FR-France, TW-Taiwan, INIndia, NZ-New Zeeland, AU-Australia, MX-Mexico, ES-Spain, IS-Iceland, HU-Hungary, ATAustria, LU- Luxembourg, TH-Thailand, EE-Estonia, CS-Czech Republic, CU-Cuba, HR-Croatia, NG-Benin, RU-Russia.

142

BIOTECHNOLOGY Inventor countries CA; DE; SE; US CA; DK; SE; US

No. of patents

MEDICAL ELECTRONICS Inventor countries

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

No. of patents

Inventor countries

No. of patents

1

FR; SE

1

DE; GB; SE

1

1

FR; US

1

DK; FI; SE

1

1

JP; SE

1

DK; SE; US

1

1

Total

470

GA; SE

1

CS; SE

PHARMACEUTICALS Inventor countries

No. of patents

DK; NO; SE DK; NO; SE; US GB; SE; US

3

1

IT; SE

3

GB; NL; SE

1

AT

2

1

IE; SE

1

BE

1

CU; SE

1

IL

1

BE; SE

2

DE; FR; SE; US

1

IS; SE

1

ES; SE; US

2

DE; GB; SE

1

IT; US

1

GB; SE; TH

2

EE; US

1

JP; SE

1

GB; US

2

ES; SE

1

NL; SE

1

IL

2

1

IN; SE; US

2

CA; GB CH; EE; SE CH; SE; US

3

FI; SE; US

1

FI; US; SE

1

PL; SE

0

IT; US

2

GB

1

RU

1

JP

2

HU; SE

1

Total

NZ; SE

2

IN; SE

1

FR

1

IT; SE

1

AT; CA

1

IT; SE; US

1

AU; SE

1

JP

1

MX; NL; SE; US MX; SE; US NG; PL; SE PL; SE Total

NL; US

3

1 1 1

952

BE; SE; US CA; GB; SE CA; SE; US

1

CH; FR

1

DE; FR; SE; US DE; GB; SE

1 390

1

1 1

DK; FI; SE

1

DK; NO

1

FR; SE; US GB; NO; SE JP; SE; US IL; SE; US

143

1

1 1 1 1

BIOTECHNOLOGY Inventor countries

No. of patents

MEDICAL ELECTRONICS Inventor countries

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

No. of patents

Inventor countries

No. of patents

PHARMACEUTICALS Inventor countries NL; SE; US

No. of patents

Not found

1

NZ; SE; US

1

Total

144

1

915

D

Interviews, conferences and seminars

Interviews

Mark Hickery Örjan Isacson Björn O. Nilsson Gunnar Pohl Paul de Potocki Nils-Georg Asp Nathan Rosenberg Eugen Steiner Stefan Ståhl Mathias Uhlén Li Westerlund Catharina Brooling

Cartela AB CONNECT KaroBio AB Biopool AB Biovitrum AB The Swedish Nutrition Foundation Stanford University, USA HealthCap Royal Institute of Technology & Affibody AB Royal Institute of Technology McKenna Long & Aldridge LLP, Washington DC, USA NUTEK

Conferences and seminars 2002-2003

”Bioteknikbolag med inriktning mot nya läkemedel” IVA, Stockholm Jan. 24 2002. ”Det nya forskningslandskapet - perspektiv på vetenskap och politik” SISTER, Stockholm April 4 2002. ”Global Perspectives on Bioscience, 2002” Exportrådet, Stockholm April 18 2002. “IT’s BIOtech seminar” IT & B- Network, Stockholm April 24 2002. “BioteknikForums seminarium om EU-kommissionens bioteknikstrategi”, SIK, Stockholm May 21 2002. ”Sveriges bioteknikindustri i ett internationellt perspektiv” SNS, Stockholm Aug. 20 2002. ”CONNECT Biomedical partnership forum”, Malmö Oct. 8-9 2002. “Hur kan forskning om innovationssystem bidra till bättre beslut?” VINNOVA, Stockholm Oct. 28 2002. ”Från start-up till etablerat bioteknikbolag” IVA, Stockholm Sept. 19, 2002. ”Biomedicin och tillväxt” ESBRI, Stockholm, Dec. 9, 2002. ”Hur myndigheter och andra organisationer kan främja svensk bioteknik” IVA Stockholm Jan 23, 2003.

145

VINNOVAs publications

April 2003

VINNOVA Report 1 4

1 2

19 Trämekanisk framsyn. Ett projekt för utveckling av den trämekaniska industrin. VR 2003: Slutrapport. Only as PDF 11 Fysisk planering i det digitala samhället 21 En sammanfattning av boken: 12 (Telematik 2004) Organisationsövergångar och unika kulEfter 11 september 2001: - Kan storebror turer. Förändringsdynamik och utveck13 hejdas? (Telematik 2006) lingsstöd via Växtkraft Mål 4. Short version of VR 2002:5

VR 2002:

Explorative System-Integrated Technologies – EXSITE Rationalitet och etik i samhällsekonomisk analys och Nollvision. Expertseminarium november 2001. Only as PDF

22 Nya material och produkter från förnyelsebara råvaror. Short version of VR 2002:16 23 Transporteffektivisering med integrerad informationsteknologi, TRANSMIT. Only as PDF

3

Regionala innovationssystem. En fördjupad kunskapsöversikt. Only as PDF

24 Trä-, Bygg- och Möbelprogrammet - en analys av insatser och resultat

4

Funktionshindrades resmöjligheter. Sammanfattning av senaste årens forskning. CD with all related reports

25 Face synthesis as a communication aid for hard-of-hearing people. Teleface l and ll. Final project report. Only as PDF

Organisationsövergångar och unika kulturer. Förändringsdynamik och utvecklingsstöd via Växtkraft Mål 4. For short version see VR 2002:21

26 Communication and Services in Open Networks. Kommunikation och Tjänster i Öppna Nätverk. 1999-2002. Only as PDF

5

www.VINNOVA.se

6

Metanoldrivna bilar i Trollhättan – Göteborg. Förstudie. Only as PDF

7

Hållbart arbete i informationssamhället. Slutrapport från projektet “Callcenter i utveckling – långsiktigt hållbart arbete med kunder på distans”

8

Knowledge exchange, communication and context in electronic networks (KnowHow). Only as PDF

9

Systemiskt lärande som ansats i logistikutvecklingen – en studie av internethandeln. Only as PDF

10 Framväxten av en ny vetenskapsbaserad basteknologi (nanoteknik) och dess relevans för det transport-teknologiska området. Förstudie. Only as PDF 11 Den nya ekonomin – ett internetperspektiv (Telematik 2004). For short version see VR 2002:12 12 Den nya ekonomin – ett internetperspektiv (Telematik 2004). Short version of VR 2002:11 13 Projekt Camelot. Rundabordssamtal och seminarier kring framtidens boende (Telematik 2004). Only as PDF 14 Tyskland och användningen av Internet - en jämförelse med Sverige (Telematik 2004) 15 DIGITALA NYHETER. Nyhetsförmedling via Internet (Telematik 2004). Only as PDF 16 Nya material och produkter från förnyelsebara råvaror. En framtidsbild och vägen dit. For short version see VR 2002:22 17 Transportinformatik och personlig integritet. Only as PDF 18 Utvecklade leverantör – kundrelationer: Supply Link Management. Only as PDF

växt – mot en ny ekonomi och en ny arbetsvärld Strategi för bränslen i framtida fordon Den kollektive trafik i Danmark. Only as PDF En föränderlig medievärld – teknik, ekonomi och journalistik (Telematik 2004). Only as PDF

14 Samordnad godstransport inom lantbrukssektorn för att främja ett uthålligt transportsystem. Only as PDF 15 Framtida flygtrafikledning i Sverige. Pilotstudie, slutrapport. Only as PDF 16 Projekt PÅLBUS. Teknisk slutrapport. Only as PDF 17 The Impact of CO2 Emissions Trading on the European Transport Sector 18 Användarperspektivet. Strategier för att förstärka samspelet mellan användare och utvecklare 19 Utrustning för rationell säkring av last på fordon. Only as PDF

27 Utvärdering av teknik som reducerar kvä- 20 Förstudie om teknik för gasdrivna fordon. Only as PDF veoxider på äldre arbetsmaskiner genom Selective Catalytic Reduction - SCR. 21 Trafiken på avvägar – finns det utvägar? Only as PDF Sammanfattning av VINNOVAs och UTVÄGARs workshop jan 2001 28 The North European Maritime Container Feeder Market. Only as PDF 22 Hur åker du? Om hur folk väljer färdmedel. Short version of VR 2001:8 29 VinnEr – En samverkanspilot mellan VINNOVA och Ericsson. 23 Resenärer om sin färdtjänst 30 Dialogprojektet - Framtida handel. Rapporter framtagna av Arbetsgruppen för samordning av dagligvarutransporter. Only as PDF 1 2

VR 2001:

Paving the way for the electric vehicle. Only as PDF PIRATE – EU-projekt om attraktivare bytespunkter med fokus på de svenska studieobjekten Lund C och Vellinge Ängar. Svenska delen. Only as PDF

24 Resenärer om sin färdtjänst. Teknisk rapport 25 Vägen, resan och mobilen. Scenario med frågor för vägtrafik. Only as PDF 26 IT, demokrati och medborgarnas deltagande (Telematik 2004) 27 Erfarenhet av samordning av färdtjänst och sjukresor i Dalsland. Only as PDF 28 Dags för trängselavgifter i Stockholmstrafiken! Referat från en konferens. Only as PDF

3

Innovative Transit Systems. Only as PDF

4

Arbetssituation och stresshantering hos kabinpersonal. Only as PDF

5

Japan inför nya fordonsbränslen och drivsystem. En översikt hösten 2000. Only as PDF

33 Granskning av livbåtssystem TENGIS. Only as PDF

6

Bilden som roar och klargör. En jämförande studie mellan tidiga illustrerade läroböcker och dagens pedagogiska CDROM (Telematik 2004)

35 Flervånings trähus i Tyskland och Japan

31 Ostkustbanan - Modell och verklighet. Slutrapport. Only as PDF 32 Rädslans rum – trygghetens rum

34 Air Safety at Sea. Only as PDF 36 Global Drivers and Megatrends in the Wood Products Industry

7

Hållbarhetsanpassade transporter. En rättsvetenskaplig studie av transporternas miljöeffekter. Only as PDF

37 Ökad träanvändning i bostadsbyggandet

8

Komfortens betydelse för spår- och busstrafik. Trafikantvärderingar, modeller och prognoser för lokala arbetsresor. For short version see VR 2001:22. Only as PDF

39 3D-baserat IT-stöd för lättbyggnadsteknik i trä

9

See VI 2001:11

10 Perspektiv på nätverkssamhällets fram-

38 Industriellt byggande i trä och 3D baserat IT-system för flervånings trähus

40 WIS – Wood Interface System 41 Storskalighet och småföretagande. En studie av strategiska grupper inom svensk möbelindustri

1 2 1 2

VINNOVA Information

VINNOVA Analysis

VI 2003:

(former Innovation in Focus VF) VA 2003:

Verksamhet inom Transporter Årsredovisning 2002

VI 2002:

Research and innovation for sustainable growth. Replaces VI 2001:2 VINNOVAs verksamhet – pågående och planerade aktiviteter. Juli 2002. Replaces VI 2001:10

1 2

2

Swedish Biotecknology - scientific publications, patenting and industrial development

VA 2002:

Det Svenska Nyföretagandet 1986-1997 förändringar i företagsstrukturer och sysselsättningseffekter.

Tillväxt i regioner genom dynamiska innovationssystem

4

VINNOVAs årsredovisning 2001

5

IT i verkstadsindustrin. Program för mångvetenskaplig forskning i samverkan industri, högskola och institut

6

Regionala företagskonsortier 1994-2001

7

Effekter 1975–2000. Stöd till behovsmotiverad forskning. Short version of VF 2002:1

2

Impact of R&D during the period 1975-2000. The impact of VINNOVAs predecessors support for needs. English version of VI 2002:7

Stimulating International Technological Collaboration in Small and MediumSized Enterprises. A Study of VINNOVA’s SMINT Programme.

3

Regional ekonomisk tillväxt i Sverige 1986–2001. En studie av tillväxtens utveckling i Sveriges lokala arbetsmarknader.

8

9

1

Verksamhet inom BioTeknik. Speciellt framtagen för BioTech Forum och Medicintekniska konferensen oktober 2002.

VI 2001: See VI 2001:12

2

See VI 2002:1

3

Verksamhet som VINNOVA övetagit från NUTEK år 2000

4

Framtida kommunikationsnät

5

The Competence Centres Programme. Second, Mid-Term, International Evaluation, Group 4 (5 Centres) and Overall Impressions

1

Effekter av VINNOVAs föregångares stöd till behovsmotiverad forskning – Fyra effektanalyster av insatser under perioden 1975 – 2000 (for short version in swedish and english, see VI 2002:7 and VI 2002:8). Only as PDF

VF 2001:

Drivers of Environmental Innovation

2

The Swedish biotechnology innovation system

3

Elektronisk handel inom musik- och stålindustrin. Only as PDF

4

Electronic Commerce in the Music Industry and Steel Industry in Sweden. Only as PDF

VINNOVA Forum (former VINNOVA Debate VD) VFI 2002:

Bioprocesser i industrin. Program för forskning, utveckling och demonstration. VINNOVA 2001–2005

1

7

Innovativa livsmedel. Program för forskning, utveckling och demonstration. VINNOVA 2001–2005. Only as PDF

2

8

Biomedicinsk teknologi . Program för forskning, utveckling och demonstration VINNOVA 2001–2005. Only as PDF

Innovationspolitik för Sverige: mål, skäl, problem och åtgärder (Innovation policy in Focus)

3

9

VINNOVA´s views on the European Commsission´s proposal for the Sixth Framework Programme 2002-2006. Only as PDF

Teknikparkens roll i det svenska innovationssystemet - historien om kommersialisering av forskningsresultat (Innovation policy in Focus)

11 Projektredovisning för möbelprogrammet 1998-2001. Replaces VR 2001:9 12 Forskning och innovation för hållbar tillväxt. Replaces VI 2001:1

1

2 13 Projektkatalog Trä- och byggprogrammet – Beviljade projekt 3

Betydelsen av innovationssystem: utmaningar för samhället och för politiken (Innovation policy in Focus)

VD 2001:

Gender equality and sustainable development: The need for debate in transportation policy in Sweden (Transport policy in Focus) Bortom Dennispaketet (Transport policy in Focus) Transportsektorns koldioxidutsläpp och den svenska miljöpolitiken. En kritisk granskning (Transport policy in Focus). Only as PDF

VP 2002:

Behovsmotiverad forskning och effektiva innovationssystem för hållbar tillväxt. VINNOVAs verksamhetsplanering 2003-2007. For english version see VP 2002:4, for full swedish version see VP 2002:3

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Nationellt inkubatorprogram

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Behovsmotiverad forskning och effektiva innovationssystem för hållbar tillväxt. En fördjupad version av VINNOVAs verksamhetsplanering 2003-2007. For short swedish version see VP 2002:1, for short english version see VP 2002:4

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Effective innovation systems and problem-oriented research for sustainable growth. VINNOVA’s strategic plan 2003 - 2007. For swedish veersion see VP 2002:1 and 3

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Nationell strategi för FoU inom området tillämpning av informationsteknik.

VF 2002:

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10 See VI 2002:2

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Innovationssystemanalys inom flygindustri och luftfart. Förstudie

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VINNOVA Policy

PRODUCTION/PRODUKTION: VINNOVA Communication Division/Kommunikationspolicy PRINT/TRYCK: Bromma tryck AB

April 2003 SOLD BY/FÖRSÄLJNING Fritzes Offentliga Publikationer, www.fritzes.se

VINNOVA´s role is to promote sustainable growth by developing effective innovation systems and funding problem-oriented research.

Postal address Visiting address: Ph, switchboard Fax [email protected]

SE-101 58 Stockholm, Sweden Mäster Samuelsgatan 56 +46 (0)8 473 30 00 +46 (0)8 473 30 05 www.VINNOVA.se