CBC Joint Forum on
Bioenergy Sustainability and Life Cycle Analysis Sacramento, May 28-30 2008
Sustainable Practices and Feedstock Production Professor Ralph E H Sims
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Renewable Energy Unit International Energy Agency, Paris
[email protected] Massey University, New Zealand
Aims in the next 20 minutes….. z To provide an update on biomass and bioenergy based on the latest IPCC and IEA reports. z To comment upon the biomass supply chain. z To outline the challenges to meet greenhouse gas mitigation targets. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Between 1970 and 2004 global greenhouse gas emissions continued to increase Total GHG emissions 60 55 50 45
GtCO2-eq/yr
+70%
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
1970
1980
IPCC 4th Assessment Report – Mitigation 2007
1990
2000 2004
In spite of all the policies, all the technologies, and the high energy prices since 2001, GHG continue to accelerate. accelerate
Energy related carbon dioxide is the largest contributor at around 60% of total emissions. Agriculture contributes around 10% from N2O and CH4 IPCC 4th Assessment Report – Mitigation 2007
Long-term mitigation: stabilization and equilibrium global mean temperatures
The lower the stabilization level aimed for, the earlier global CO2 emissions have to peak.
IPCC AR4 Biomass - cross cutting chapters
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Competition for the biomass resource?
What will be the competition for the future biomass resource? • Heat • Power • Combined heat and power • Transport fuels • Bio-materials • Bio-chemicals • Soil conditioning INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
• Bio-refineries
Is biomass best used for heating? With major contributions from the Implementing Agreements:
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-Renewable Energy Technology Deployment, - Bioenergy, - Geothermal, - Solar Heating and Cooling - SolarPACES
The report examined the various REHC technologies, costs, markets and policy effectiveness. Solar thermal - water and space heating - solar assisted cooling Bioenergy - pellet heating - CHP - anaerobic digestion - MSW waste-to-energy Geothermal - deep conventional - deep advanced - shallow geothermal
Installed capacity GWth 100-110
Total
Energy output PJ/yr 200-220