Supplementary Figures
GNM_7306 ZMUC_27/1953 GNM_5538 NMR_2100 ZMUC_19/0000 NMR_3224 Balaena Balaena mysticetus ZMUC_260/1980 ZMUC_20/0000 GNM_10186 GNM_1345 GNM_6891 NMR_3222 NMR_4409 ZMUC_40/1996 ZMUC_261/1980 NMR_2087 ZMUC_71/1965 NMR_1995 ZMUC_37/1897 ZMUC_1/1968 2093 NMR_2080 ZMUC_27/1999 Eubalaena Eubalaena glacialis Eschrichtius Eschrichtius robustus NMR_4142 NMR_2085 ZMUC_3/1909 Megaptera Megaptera novaeangliae
Supplementary Figure S1 | Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of all taxa sequenced in this study. Reference sequences from GenBank are included for bowhead whale (JF767369), North Atlantic right whale (X72199), Pacific grey whale (AF326820), humpback whale (HQ241484).
bowhead_whale glacialis_AF395043 NMR_2087 ZMUC_71/1965 ZMUC_27/1999 glacialis_GQ927329 glacialis_AF395039 glacialis_AF395041 glacialis_AF395040 ZMUC_37/1897 NMR_1995 glacialis_AF395042 NMR_2080 ZMUC_1/1968 NMR_2093 japonica_JX441357 japonica_JX441356 japonica_JX441362 japonica_JX441361 japonica_JX441360 japonica_JX441359 japonica_JX441358 australis_AP006473 australis_NC006930 australis_AF395045 australis_AF395048 australis_AF395044 australis_AF395046 australis_AF395047 australis_AF395049 australis_AF395051 australis_AF395053 australis_AF395052 australis_AF395050
Supplementary Figure S2 | Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of right whales Eubalaena sp. for which sufficient sequence data were generated in this study and from GenBank.
Supplementary Table S1 | List of samples analysed in this study, their location and their genetically determined species identification. *sequences were too short to submit to GenBank and are given below. Sample ID GNM 10186 GNM 10408 GNM 1345 GNM 14892 GNM 16319 GNM 5538 GNM 6891 GNM 7306 GNM 8617 NMR99911995 NMR99912080 NMR99912085 NMR99912086 NMR99912087 NMR99912093 NMR99912096 NMR99912100 NMR99912103 NMR99912239 NMR99913222 NMR99913224 NMR99914142 NMR99914409 NMR99916224 ZMUC 1/1934 ZMUC 1/1968 ZMUC 103/1946 ZMUC 16/1928 ZMUC 18/1997 ZMUC 19/0000 ZMUC 20/0000 ZMUC 21/0000 ZMUC 260/1980 ZMUC 261/1980 ZMUC 27/1953 ZMUC 27/1999 ZMUC 3/1909 ZMUC 31/1997 ZMUC 325/1982 ZMUC 33/1997 ZMUC 37/1897 ZMUC 40/1996 ZMUC 66/2000 ZMUC 71/1965
Region Sweden Sweden Sweden Sweden Sweden Sweden Sweden Sweden Sweden North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea North Sea Denmark Denmark Denmark Denmark Denmark Denmark Denmark Denmark Denmark Denmark Denmark Denmark Denmark Denmark Baltic Sea Denmark Denmark Denmark Sweden Denmark
Site Edshultshall Tanum Essunga Håsten, Varberg Vårhögen, Slöinge Ellös, Orust Göteborg Göteborg Bohus Län Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Southern Bight Staurby Skov, Odense Ballerum, Thisted Strandby, Hjørring Frederiksborg Tværsted, Hjørring Råholte, Hjørring Borgbakke, Hjørring Ravnsholt, Hjørring Hjørring Sømder Vrå, Hjørring Dronninglund, Hjørring Lyngby, Thisted Sparkær, Viborg Hirtshals, Hjørring Poulsker, Bornholm Emmersbæk, Hjørring Lønstrup, Hjørring Krarup, Hjørring Rörvik, Bohus Län Ballerum, Thisted
Species identification / Genbank accession code Balaena mysticetus KC573762 Balaena mysticetus KC573763 Balaena mysticetus KC573772 Balaena mysticetus KC573766 Balaena mysticetus KC573775 Eubalaena glacialis KC573779 Eubalaena glacialis KC573777 Eschrichtius* Eubalaena glacialis* Eubalaena glacialis KC573780 Eubalaena glacialis KC573777 Balaena mysticetus KC573771 Balaena mysticetus KC573764 Balaena mysticetus KC573776 Eschrichtius* Balaena mysticetus KC573765 Eubalaena glacialis KC573778 Balaena mysticetus KC573770 Balaena mysticetus KC573768 Balaena mysticetus KC573773 Balaena mysticetus KC573769 Balaena mysticetus KC573774 Eubalaena glacialis KC573781 Megaptera novaeangliae* Eubalaena glacialis KC573779 Balaena mysticetus KC573767 Eubalaena glacialis KC573780
NMR99914142 / NMR99912085 CTTAATCAGCATGCCGCGTGAAACCAGCAACCCGCTCGGCAGGGATCCCTCTTCTCGC ACCGGGCCCATCAGCCGTGGGGGTAGCTATTTAATGATCTTTATAAGACATCTGGTTC TTACTTCAGGACCATATTAAC ZMUC_3/1909 CTTAACTAGCATGCCGCGTGAAACCAGCAACCCGCTTGGCAGGGATCCCTCTTCTCGC ACCGGGCCCATCAATCGTGGGGGTAGCTATTTAATGATCTTTATAAGACATCTGGTTC TTACTTCAGGGCCATATTAAT NMR99912086 TATTAAAAATAAATTATCCTATTACATATTACTATGTAACTCGTGCATGTATGCACTAC CACATGGCCAATACTAGTCCTGACTCATAAATTGTACTTATACATGCTATGTATAATC GTGCATTCAATTATTNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNACCGGGCCC ATCAATTGTGGGGGTACCTATTTAATGGTCTTTACA
Supplementary Table S2 | Calibrated age ranges for samples of dated whales shown in Table S1. The results were calibrated using the INTCAL09 modelled marine curve46. Lab code (radiocarbon age and error) GNM 10186 (12250 ± 240) GNM 10408 (10695 ± 120) GNM 1345 (11245 ± 100) GNM 14892 (11870 ± 120) GNM 16319 (12620 ± 130) GNM 5538 (12805 ± 135) GNM 6891 (10210 ± 80) GNM 7306 (12640 ± 110) GNM 8617 (11980 ± 90) NMR 1995 (2207 ± 31) NMR 2080 (3305 ± 43) NMR 2085 (2277 ± 41) NMR 2086 (3243 ± 39) NMR 2087 (6099 ± 40) NMR 2093 (4098 ± 40) NMR 2100 (30687 ± 368) NMR 3222 (46914 ± 2876)** NMR 3224 (31823 ± 512) NMR 4409 (32127 ± 480) ZMUC 1/1934 (17830 ± 590) ZMUC 1/1968 (4610 ± 85) ZMUC 103/1946 (1500 ± 65) ZMUC 16/1928 (28140 ± 1280) ZMUC 18/1997 (12100 ± 185) ZMUC 19/0000 (11590 ± 115) ZMUC 20/0000 (11960 ± 115) ZMUC 21/0000 (14110 ± 215) ZMUC 260/1980 (12950 ± 195) ZMUC 261/1980 (13670 ± 205) ZMUC 27/1953 (12540 ± 155) ZMUC 27/1999 (4250 ± 90) ZMUC 31/1997 (12780 ± 215) ZMUC 325/1982 (1015 ± 70) ZMUC 33/1997 (11320 ± 165) ZMUC 37/1897 (1400 ± 75) ZMUC 40/1996 (12710 ± 185) ZMUC 66/2000 (4210 ± 80) ZMUC 71/1965 (6410 ± 110) ** out of range
Calibrated age range (68.2% prob.) From to 13947 13418 12337 11765 12837 12614 13438 13196 14484 13857 14790 14143 11288 11123 14488 13900 13566 13299 1868 1736 3243 3064 1960 1815 3155 2976 6605 6455 4240 4060 35125 34596
Calibrated age range (95.4% prob.) From to 14522 13190 12550 11417 13060 12561 13625 13105 14885 13785 15075 14004 11623 10943 14878 13815 13692 13245 1938 1679 3319 2974 2036 1730 3237 2895 6663 6390 4336 3971 36236 34105
36446 36705 21504 4961 1137 33687 13744 13215 13571 17078 15057 16682 14452 4498 14864 651 13045 1052 14791 4415 7036
36874 37315 22235 5114 1230 36131 13940 13304 13709 17461 15543 16801 14876 4645 15173 722 13192 1149 15060 4555 7180
35319 35412 20062 4694 962 31105 13374 12925 13278 16577 14241 15655 13752 4220 14071 532 12633 857 13961 4165 6739
34885 35043 19472 4535 905 30263 13200 12745 13182 15968 13980 15234 13658 4066 13811 481 12547 757 13820 4047 6625
North Atlantic right whales
Bowhead whales
Supplementary Table S3 | AquaMaps input environmental envelope input settings for mapping bowhead and North Atlantic right whale distributions during all time periods. FAOAreas: 18 | 21 | 27 | 61 | 67 Bounding Box (NSWE): 90
Depth (m) Temperature (°C) Salinity (psu) Primary Production Sea Ice Concentration FAOAreas: 21 | 27 | 31 | 34 , Bounding Box (NSWE):
Depth (m) Temperature (°C) Salinity (psu) Primary Production Sea Ice Concentration
Used 1 1 1 0 1
0 Min 0 -1.79 27.71 47 0.01
90 Used 1 1 1 0 1
10 Min 0 0 19.62 191 -1
-180 Pref Min (10th) 10 -1.76 30.7 88 0.3
180 Pref Max (90th) 200 0 34.11 649 0.75
Max 6000 5 36.585 1500 0.77
-180 Pref Min (10th) 10 5 31.65 833 0
180 Pref Max (90th) 200 20 35.95 6000 0.05
Max 4000 25 37.27 6000 0.34
